• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.50-61
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• 2022

This work demonstrates the design and evaluation of Aqua-Aware, a lightweight miniaturized light emitting diode (LED) based underwater compact sensor node which is used to obtain different characteristics of the underwater environment. Two optical sensor nodes have been designed, developed, and evaluated for a short and medium link range called as Aqua-Aware short range (AASR) and Aqua-Aware medium range (AAMR), respectively. The hardware and software implementation of proposed sensor node, algorithms, and trade-offs have been discussed in this paper. The underwater environment is emulated by introducing different turbulence effects such as air bubbles, waves and turbidity in a 4-m water tank. In clear water, the Aqua-Aware achieved a data rate of 0.2 Mbps at communication link up to 2-m. The Aqua-Aware was able to achieve 0.2 Mbps in a turbid water of 64 NTU in the presence of moderate water waves and air bubbles within the communication link range of 1.7-m. We have evaluated the luminous intensity, packet success rate and bit error rate performance of the proposed system obtained by varying the various medium characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.01a
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• pp.183-184
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• 2021

기존의 스타일러는 옷 건조, 살균 기능을 가지고 있으나, 비용이 비싸며 공간을 차지하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 알림 기능을 가지는 스마트 옷장은 옷장위에 설치된 라즈베리파이 디스플레이에 간단한 날씨정보를 출력하여 그 날의 날씨정보를 시간소비 없이 간편하게 습득할 수 있으며, 한줄 뉴스를 통하여 그 날의 소식을 간편하게 알 수 있다. 또한 옷장 내부에 설치된 아두이노가 온습도 센서와 미세먼지 센서를 통제하여 옷장 내부의 온도, 습도, 미세먼지 농도를 디스플레이를 통해 알 수 있으며, 습도가 높거나, 미세먼지 농도가 높을 경우에 옷장 내부에 부착된 쿨링팬이 자동으로 작동하여 옷장 내부를 환기시킴으로써 습도를 낮추고 먼지, 냄새 등을 제거해주는 효과가 있다. 그리고 습도나 미세먼지 수치가 낮아지면 자동으로 쿨링팬의 작동은 멈춰진다. 또한 미세먼지, 온습도 값에 따라 3색 LED가 색이 변화한다. 이런 스마트옷장으로 바쁜 현대 사회에서 사용자들의 시간을 절약해주고 옷의 관리해줌으로써 편리함을 제공한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2020.01a
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• pp.163-164
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• 2020

교통 신호등 자동 제어시스템 기술은 교통 체증 현상을 방지하고 횡단 보도를 건너는 보행자들의 안전을 목적으로 시작되었다. 이는 1가구당 2차량에 가까운 보급률을 보이고 있는 현대 사회에 불가피하게 생기는 문제인데 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제로 인한 교통 신호등 자동 제어시스템 기술을 적용하고자 한다. 사거리에서 운전을 하다 보면 차량이 많이 지나가는 차선이 있는 반면 비교적 차량이 많이 지나가지 않는 차선들을 볼 수 있다. 이런 경우 차량이 많은 차선은 신호시간 내 차량이 모두 지나가지 못해서 교통체증이 발생하게 된다. 교통 체증을 최소화하기 위해서 압력 센서를 설치하여 차량이 많이 정체 되고 있는 차선에 신호의 시간을 증가시켜주고 차량이 많이 없는 차선은 기본 신호의 시간을 주어 차량이 많이 있는 차선의 차들의 교통 체증을 해소시켜 준다. 그리고 차량이 많이 지고 스마트폰의 보급이 많아지다 보니 횡단 보도에서 스마트폰을 보고있다 횡단 보도에서 사고를 당하는 경우 증가하고 있다. 이러한 보행자들을 위해 횡단 보도의 신호가 초록불이 되었을 때 간단한 음악이 나오고 발 밑에 횡단 보도 신호등과 같은 색깔이 나오게 하는 LED를 설치한다. 이렇게 하여 초록불이 들어왔다는 것을 보행자들에 인식시켜 보행자들의 안전을 지킬 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.622-633
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• 2024

For quality standardization, the application of functional lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starter cultures for food fermentation is a well-known method in the fermented food industry. This study assessed the effect of adding a non-thermally microbial inactivated starter culture to kimchi, a traditional Korean food, in standardizing its quality. In this study, pretreatment based on sterilization processes, namely, slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) disinfection and ultraviolet C light-emitting diode (UVC-LED) of raw and subsidiary kimchi materials were used to reduce the initial microorganisms in them, thereby increasing the efficiency and value of the kimchi LAB starter during fermentation. Pretreatment sterilization effectively suppressed microorganisms that threatened the sanitary value and quality of kimchi. In addition, pretreatment based on sterilization effectively reduced the number of initial microbial colonies in kimchi, creating an environment in which kimchi LAB starters could settle or dominate, compared to non-sterilized kimchi. These differences in the initial microbial composition following the sterilization process and the addition of kimchi LAB starters led to differences in the metabolites that positively affect the taste and flavor of kimchi. The combined processing technology used in our study, that is, pre-sterilization and LAB addition, may be a powerful approach for kimchi quality standardization.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.162-165
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• 2006

The selective growth of InCaN/AlGaN light emitting diodes was performed by mixed-source hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). In order to grow the InGaN/AlGaN heterosturcture consecutively, a special designed multi-sliding boat was employed in our mixed-source HVPE system. Room temperature electroluminescence spectum of the SAG-InGaN/AlGaN LED shows an emission peak wavelength of 425 nm at injection current 20 mA. We suggest that the mixed-source HVPE method with multi-sliding boat system is possible to be one of the growth methods of III-nitrides LEDs.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.353-366
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to characterize the optical properties of white light-emitting diodes lighting modules and then to evaluate the sensitivity of students and teachers in reacting to the optical properties of these modules. For the sake of this study, each of 5 lighting modules was introduced to the 5 test cabinets. The 5 test cabinets were evaluated and analyzed the student and teacher's sensitivity reaction. We have selected If questions on sensitivity of the lighting and evaluated these questions with semantic differential method. To verify the reliability and objectivity of the questions, the feasibility survey was carried out by a preliminary test. As a result of the test, the sensitivities on the test cabinets were classified the 4 factors, namely, activity as the first factor, stability as the second one , potency as the third one and sensitive image as the fourth one respectively. By the evaluation of student and teacher's sensitivity on the correlated color temperature, they preferred the cabinet with the higher color temperature in view of the activity and potency. And they preferred the cabinet with the lower color temperature in view of the stability factor. In the sensitive image, they preferred the 5800K, bluish white lighting regardless of the color temperature. By the evaluation on the color rendering index, they preferred the cabinet with the higher color rendering index in view of the activity, stability and sensitive image. In the potency factor, they preferred the white lighting with the middle color rendering index.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the adjunctive effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the treatment of experimental periodontitis. Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing ligatures around the mandibular second, third, and fourth premolars of 6 beagles for 3 months. After ligature removal, periodontitis progressed spontaneously for 2 months. The animals' hemimandibles were allocated among the following 3 groups: 1) no treatment (control), 2) scaling and root planing (SRP), and 3) SRP with LED irradiation at 470-nm and 630-nm wavelengths (SRP/LED). The probing pocket depth (PPD) and gingival recession (GR) were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. The clinical attachment level (CAL) was calculated. After 12 weeks, histological and histomorphometric assessments were performed. The distances from the gingival margin to the apical extent of the junctional epithelium (E) and to the connective tissue (CT) attachment were measured, as was the total length of soft tissue (ST). Results: PPD and CAL increased at 12 weeks compared with baseline in the control group (6.31±0.43 mm to 6.93±0.50 mm, and 6.46±0.60 mm to 7.61±0.78 mm, respectively). PPD and CAL decreased at 12 weeks compared with baseline in the SRP group (6.01±0.59 to 4.81±0.65 mm, and 6.51±0.98 to 5.39±0.93 mm, respectively). PPD and CAL decreased at 12 weeks compared with baseline in the SRP/LED group (6.03±0.39 to 4.46±0.47 mm, and 6.11±0.47 to 4.78±0.57 mm, respectively). The E/ST and CT/ST ratios significantly differed among the 3 groups (P<0.05). The clinical parameters and histologic findings demonstrated that 470-nm and 630-nm wavelength LED irradiation accompanying SRP could improve treatment results. Conclusions: Within the study limitations, 470 nm and 630 nm wavelength LED irradiation might provide additional benefits for periodontitis treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.611-619
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to apply the quantitative light-induced fluorescence(QLF) and use of fluorescein-enhanced QLF method for quantitative assessment of early enamel demineralization in vitro, comparing effectiveness of light sources : argon laser, halogen lamp, light emitting diode (LED) and plasma arc lamp. Sixty extracted teeth were used, prepared by gentle pumicing and coating in an acid-resistant nail-varnish, except for an exposure to a demineralizing solution. Teeth were removed at regular intervals (24, 48 and 72hrs), air-dried and QLF image were taken. Mineral loss, as measured by difference of optical density, was recorded. For dyeenhanced QLF a 0.075% sodium fluorescein dye was applied after QLF examination and mineral loss was recorded. The following result were obtained : 1. Comparing with mean difference of optical density, plasma arc lamp was higher than other light sources in all group (p<0.05). 2. Comparing each group with mean difference of optical density, there was significant different using plasma are lamp and halogen lamp. 3. For use of dye-enhanced QLF, comparing with mean difference of optical density, plasma arc lamp were higher than other light sources in all group(p<0.05). 4. With this model dye-enhanced QLF compared with QLF in optical density, dye-enhanced QLF was higher than QLF in optical density. From the results presented in this paper, it was concluded that plasma light source was more effective compared with other light source for the detection and the quantification of early enamel caries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.152-158
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate cooling performance of high power LEDs from 100 to 200 W class by using a jet impingement cooling module. The numerical analysis of forced convection cooling inside cooling module is carried out using a multi-purpose CFD software, FLUENT 6.3. In the experiments, the LED cooling system consists of jet impingement module, heat exchanger, water reservoir, and pump. In the present study, the cooling performance of jet impingement cooling module is investigated to determine the effect of the heat sink types on the impinging surface, the space and length of fins. Numerical and experimental studies show the reasonable agreement of LED metal PCB temperature between those results and give the optimized design parameters such as the space of fin and the length of fin. Also, the pin fin type of heat sink is found to be more efficient than the plate type heat sink in jet impingement cooling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2010

Much interest has been focused on InGaN-based materials and their quantum structures due to their optoelectronics applications such as light emitting diode (LED) and photovoltaic devices, because of its high thermal conductivity, high optical efficiency, and direct wide band gap, in spite of their high density of threading dislocations. Build-in internal field-induced quantum-confined Stark effect in InGaN/GaN quantum well LED structures results in a spatial separation of electrons and holes, which leads to a reduction of radiative recombination rate. Therefore, many growth techniques have been developed by utilizing lateral over-growth mode or by inserting additional layers such as patterned layer and superlattices for reducing threading dislocations and internal fields. In this work, we investigated various characteristics of InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) LED structures grown on selectively wet-etched porous (SWEP) GaN template layer and compared with those grown on non-porous GaN template layer over c-plane sapphire substrates. From the surface morphology measured by atomic force microscope, high resolution X-ray diffraction analysis, low temperature photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation measurements, good structural and optical properties were observed on both LED structures. However, InGaN MQWs LED structures grown on SWEP GaN template layer show relatively low In composition, thin well width, and blue shift of PL spectra on MQW emission. These results were explained by rough surface of template layer, reduction of residual compressive stress, and less piezoelectric field on MQWs by utilizing SWEP GaN template layer. Better electrical properties were also observed for InGaN MQWs on SWEP GaN template layer, specially at reverse operating condition for I-V measurements.