• Title/Summary/Keyword: LEAF PIGMENT

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Binding Capacity of Chitin and Chitosan to Anthocyanin Pigment Isolated from Purple Perilla Leaves

  • Chang, Eun-Ju;Park, Sang-Won;No, Hong-Kyoon
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2000
  • The binding capacity of chitin and chitosan to anthocyanin pigmentss isolated from purple perilla leaves was inves-tigated. The pigment binding capacity increased with increasing pigment concentrations and decreasing pH without being affected by reaction temperature and particle sizes. Regression analysis revealed significantly high corre-lations between pigment binding capacity of chitin and chitosan and pigment concentration at ranges of 25-100 mg of pigment/g of sample, After 1 hr settling, release of pigment from pigmented chitin and chitosan increased with increasing pH, up to 24.9% and 17.4%, respectively, at pH 9. In general, pigment binding capacity of chitosan was higher than that of chitin. There results suggest that chitosan may be useful as a potential adsorbent capable of stabilizing anthocyanin pigment.

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Spectrophotometric Assay for Determination of Chlorogenic Acid Using Green Pigment Formation and Quantitative Analysis of Chlorogenic Acid in Blueberry Leaf (녹색반응을 이용한 클로로겐산의 함량측정을 위한 흡광도 분석법과 블루베리 잎에 함유된 클로로 겐산의 함량분석)

  • Chung, Dong-Min;Chung, Young-Chul;Chun, Hyo-Kon
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.610-612
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    • 2011
  • We developed a spectrophotometric assay for the quantitative determination of chlorogenic acid based on the formation of green pigment at $50^{\circ}C$ under glycine and alkaline conditions in 96-well plates. The formation of green pigment was linear with a series of chlorogenic acid concentration (0-$300\;{\mu}M$). Using this method, the content of chlorogenic acid (12.42 mg/g dry weight) in the leaves of blueberry was quantified. This method is high-throughput, cost-effective, rapid, and easy to perform.

Effects of Cultivars and Storage Temperatures on Shelf-life of Leaf Lettuces (품종 및 저장온도가 상추 저장성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jung-Soo;Chung, Dae-Sung;Lee, Je-Uk;Lim, Byung-Seon;Lee, Youn-Suk;Chun, Chang-Hoo
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.345-350
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    • 2007
  • Shelf-life and quality changes of four leaf lettuce cultivars packaged and stored at four different temperatures (0, 8, 16 and $24^{\circ}C$) were evaluated. Leaf lettuces were packaged in non-perforated polypropylene film (thickness 0.05 mm) bags. Weight loss, respiration rate, freshness degree, pigment content, and surface color were determined. At the storage temperature of $0^{\circ}C$, the weight loss, degree of freshness, pigment content, and change of surface color on packaged leaf lettuces showed no significant difference when compared with all other leaf lettuces. Meanwhile, an increase in storage temperature was observed with the quality changes of each flesh leaf lettuce. The leaf lettuces under storage conditions at $24^{\circ}C$ showed a difference in weight loss of the different types of leaf lettuces during a short storage period. However, there was no clear tendency in weight loss in different types of leaf lettuces as compared with each storage temperature. The rate of respiration and the contents of pigments in the four types of leaf lettuces also showed significant difference as the storage temperature increased.

수용성 황색색소를 분비하는 Bacillus sp. PY123균주의 분리 및 특성

  • 김지연;김광현
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.454-458
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    • 1997
  • To develop a yellow pigment for a food-additive, a strain producing a water-soluble yellow pigment was isolated from phylloplane of tree leaf. The strain PY123 was identified a Bacillus sp. based on morphological and biochemical characterization such as a bacillus form, mortility, spore formation, Gram positive, and catalase production. The pigment production of the strain PY123 was increased about 3 times in patato broth containing 1% sucrose and 0.1 mM CoCl$_{2}$ than in only potato broth after incubation at 30$circ$C, for 2 days. When 0.1 mM CoCl$_{2}$, was added in potato broth containing 1% sucrose at late log phase during incubation of the strain PY123, cell growth was not inhibited, and the period at maximal pigment production of the strain PY123 was about 12hrs faster than in potato broth containing 1% sucrose and 0.1 mM CoCl$_{2}$, simultaniously.

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Optimum Light Intensity and Fertilization Effects on Physiological Activities of Forsythia saxatil (산개나리의 생리적 활성에 대한 최적 광도 조건과 시비 효과)

  • Kim, Gil Nam;Han, Sim-Hee;Kim, Du Hyun;Yun, Chung-Weon;Shin, Soo Jeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.102 no.3
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    • pp.372-381
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    • 2013
  • The leaf growth and physiological characteristics of Forsythia saxatilis were investigated under different relative light intensities (RLI) and fertilization levels in order to find out the optimum environmental conditions for in-situ restoration. RLI and fertilization were four levels (30%, 43%, 63% of full sun and full sun) and three levels (non-fertilization, 2 times and 3 times of average forest soil in Korea), respectively. According to the increase of fertilization level under all RLI, leaf area increased and leaf dry weight and the ratio of leaf dry weight to leaf area decreased. As the fertilization level increased, photosynthetic pigment contents such as chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid under all RLI decreased. And pigment contents were the highest under full sun in the same fertilization level. Foliar nitrogen content under fertilization was higher than that under non-fertilization, and chlorophyll/nitrogen ratio decreased with the increase of fertilization level under all RLI. The increase of photosynthetic rate was observed with the increase of fertilization level at 63% of RLI and full sun, and dark respiration rate under fertilization was lower than under non-fertilization. Apparent quantum yield was lower at non-fertilization than that of fertilization, and it was highest at 63% of RLI under the same fertilization level. In conclusion, leaf growth and physiological characteristics of F. saxatilis could be improved under higher light conditions and fertilization.

Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Growth, Pigments and Leaf Surface Morphology of the Seedlings of Amaranthus tricolor L. (인공산성(人工酸性)비 처리(處理)가 색비름(Amaranthus tricolor L.) 유식물(幼植物)의 생장(生長) , 색소(色素) 및 엽표면형태(葉表面形態)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kim, Jung-Sook;Lee, Jae-Seog
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.175-182
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    • 1994
  • The experiment was performed to investigate the effects of simulated acid rain of several pH levels (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0) on growth, injury, pigment compositions and leaf surface morphology of the seedlings of Amaranthus tricolor L. by foliar application. The growth of the tops and roots was markedly retarded below pH 3.0 and speck spots appeared on the leaf. Seven different peaks were detected by the absorption spectra of pigments of the leaf. But cv. Early splendor did not show the peaks at 473nm and 535nm, and nor did cv. Tricolor show the peaks at 476nm and 546nm. The pigment composition of leaves was affected by strong acid rain. As pH levels decreased, chlorophyll content increased. Leaf surface was eroded by acid rain, and leaf surface tissues were broken down and collapsed at the lower pH levels.

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Comparison of Pigment Content and Photosynthetic Capacity of Quercus mongolica Stands at Namsan, Seoul and Paekcheoksan, Kangwondo (서울 남산과 강원도 백적산의 신갈나무 숲에서 엽록소 함량 및 광합성능의 비교)

  • 임병선;김종욱;이규송;이점숙;김준호;이창석
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.267-271
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    • 2003
  • To elucidate effects of air pollutants on ecophysiological properties of two Quercus mongolica stands at different levels of air pollution, photosynthetic capacity and chloroplast pigment were measured in leaves of Q. mongolica. Photosynthetic capacity, photosynthetic pigment content and SLA (specific leaf area) of Q. mongolica leaves in polluted area were lower than those in nonpolluted area. Also, the chlorosis and mottling in some of leaves were observed in polluted area after August. Except for total carotenoid (P<0.05) the correlations between photosynthetic capacity and pigment content were not significant. Photosynthetic capacity of Q. mongolica leaves in polluted area was decreased after July.

Changes on Initial Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Larix kaempferi and Betula costata Seedlings under Elevated Temperature (온도 증가에 따른 일본잎갈나무와 거제수나무 유묘의 초기 생장과 생리 특성의 변화)

  • Han, Sim-Hee;Kim, Du-Hyun;Kim, Gil-Nam;Lee, Jae-Cheon;Yun, Chung-Weon
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2012
  • Larix kaempferi and Betula costata seedlings were grown under an elevated temperature ($27^{\circ}C$) for four weeks to understand initial changes on physiological characteristics caused by temperature rising in connection with global warming. At the end of the treatment, growth performance, leaf pigment content, antioxidative enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured and analyzed. Relative growth rates of the height of two tree species grown under elevated temperature ($27^{\circ}C$) were lower than those of control ($24^{\circ}C$) and dry weights of leaves, stems and roots were also reduced at higher temperature. Particularly, the root growth reduction of two tree species increased markedly at $27^{\circ}C$ over the study period, which increased the ratio of shoot to root. Under higher temperature, leaf pigment contents decreased, whereas anti-oxidative enzyme activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) increased as compared with the control. But MDA content was not affected by elevated temperature. In conclusion, the elevated temperature leads to root growth reduction, restriction of nutrient uptake from soil and the reduction of leaf pigment contents, which can inhibit the aboveground growth. In addition, higher temperature might act as a stress factor that causes growth reduction through the increase of energy consumption during a growth period.

Scientific Analysis of Pigments in 20th Century Paintings for Selected Historical Churches of the Bohol, Philippines

  • Roxas, Gracile Celine;Han, Min Su;Moon, Dong Hyeok
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.507-518
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    • 2017
  • Through a combination of scientific analytical methods, the coloring materials used in $20^{th}$ century paintings in historical churches of Baclayon, Dauis and Loay, which are municipalities in Bohol, Philippines, were studied. Inorganic pigments were identified using SEM-EDS and XRD. Iron-based pigments were commonly found in the paintings, yielding dark yellow and brown colors. Zinc oxide was identified as the white pigment in the ceiling paintings of Dauis Church and Loay Church, while titanium dioxide was detected in the column painting in Baclayon Church. Organic analysis showed the presence of Pigment Yellow 3, a synthetic organic pigment. Paint layers, as well as other components of the samples such as grounds and metal leaves, were examined microscopically. It was observed that different types of grounds were applied on different types of surfaces. Moreover, organic pigments were found in combination with white extender materials. Microscopic examination also revealed alterations in the artworks, such as the overpaint layer found in the samples from Baclayon Church cornice and the imitation metal leaf layers applied over the original gilt surface in the Loay Church retablo.

Antioxidative Activities of Anthocyanins in Red Mustard Leaf Kimchi (적갓김치 Anthocyanins의 항산화 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 최홍식
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.937-941
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    • 2003
  • Red mustard leaf (RML) kimchi was prepared with native Brassica juncea czerniak et coss as a major raw material and antioxidative characteristics of crude anthocyanin (CA)/refined anthocyanin (RA) isolated from RML kimchi were studied. Among crude pigment fractions, CA fraction showed a higher inhibition rate of peroxide formation in linoleic acid autoxidation system. These effects seemed to be increased with the increase of CA concentration. CA also was considered to have a role of electron donor by the experiments using DPPH ($\alpha$, $\alpha$'-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl) reaction. Furthermore, various RA fractions had a higher antioxidative activity and especially RA-fraction 3 demonstrated the highest score of the antioxidative characteristics in terms of the prevention of lipid peroxidation and scavenging of free radicals.