• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(역학)
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• pp.169-179
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• 1994

B-mode ultrasound is being used to assess carotid atherosclerosis in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Recently the interpretation of measurements made from ultrasound images has been questioned. This study examines the anatomical correlates of B-mode ultrasound of carotid arteries in vitro and in situ in cadavers. Twenty-seven segments of human carotid artery were collected at autopsy. pressure perfusion fixed in buffered 2.5% gluteraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde and imaged using an ATL UM-8 (10 MHz single crystal mechanical probe). Each artery was then frozen, sectioned and stained with van Gieson or elastin van Gieson. The thickness of the intima. media and adventitia were measured 'to an accuracy of 0.01 mm from histological sections using a calibrated eye graticule on a light microscope. Shrinkage artifact induced by histological preparation was determined to be 7.8%. Digitised ultra sound images of the artery wall were analysed off-line. The distance from the leading edge of the first interface ($LE_{1}$) to the leading edge of the second interface ($LE_2$) was measured using a dedicated programme. $LE_{1}$-$LE_{2}$ measurements were correlated against histological measurements corrected for shrinkage. Mean values for the far wall were: ultra sound $LE_{1}$-$LE_{2}$ (0.97 mm, S.D. 0.26), total wall thickness (1.05 mm, S.D. 0.37), adventitia (0.35 mm, S.D. 0.16), media (0.61 mm, S.D. 0.18). intima (0.09 mm, S.D. 0.13). Ultrasound measurements corresponded best with total wall thickness, rather than elastin or the intima-media complex. Excision of part of the intima plus media or removal of the adventitia resulted in a corresponding decrease in the $LE_{1}$-$LE_{2}$ distance of the B-mode image. Furthermore. increased wall thickness due to intimal atherosclerotic thickening correlated well with $LE_{1}$-$LE_{2}$ distance of the B-mode images. B-mode images obtained from the carotid arteries in situ in four cadavers also corresponded best with total wall thickness measured from histological sections and not with the thickness of the intima plus media. In conclusion, the $LE_{1}$-$LE_{2}$ distance measured on B-mode images of the carotid artery best represents total wall thickness of intima plus media plus adventitia and not intima plus media alone.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1997

In the beginning of the 1930's. Le Corbusier's new attention turned toward the local conditions of construction, which can be associated with the prevailing sprit of regionalism and vernaculaire culture. What especially concerns us here is the reference that Le Corbusier makes to vernacular architecture, which we have seen to be the soure of his late houses. During the 1950's, with the United' habitation and the Jaoul houses, Le Corbusier ushered in a new housing trend onto the scene. noteworthy for its use of raw materials and for its opposition to the international style.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2013

표고버섯, 표고버섯균사체배양쌀 추출물의 항당뇨와 항비만 효과를 규명하고자 본 연구에서는 표고버섯 80% ethanol 추출물(LE), 표고버섯균사체배양쌀 80% ethanol 추출물(LEM)에서 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line을 이용하여 세포의 분화에 미치는 영향을 확인할 수 있었다. 분화유도후 8일 째에 Oil Red O 염색을 통해 세포내 형성된 지방구(lipid droplet)를 isopropanol에 용출하여 500 nm에서 흡광도를 측정한 결과, LE 100 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의한 억제 효과가 나타났으며, LE 300 ${\mu}g/mL$에서는 p<0.01 수준에서 유의한 억제 효과가 나타났다. LEM은 대조군에 비하여 LEM을 10 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의한 억제 효과가 나타났으며, LEM 30, 100, 300 ${\mu}g/mL$에서는 p<0.01 수준에서 유의한 억제 효과가 나타났다. CETP 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 LE 300 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 p<0.01 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. LEM을 농도별로 처리하였을 때 대조군에 비하여 농도 의존적으로 억제 효과가 있었으며, LEM 30 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났고 LEM 100, 300 ${\mu}g/mL$에서는 p<0.01 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. PTP1B 저해 활성을 측정한 결과, LE는 대조군에 비하여 LE 10, 30, 100, 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 통계적으로 p<0.05 수준에서의 유의한 저해효과가 나타났으며, LEM은 대조군에 비하여 농도 의존적으로 통계적으로 p<0.01 수준에서의 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. 또한 고지방식이에 LE, LEM을 28일간 경구투여 하였을 때 흰쥐의 혈청 총콜레스테롤은 HFD군에 비해 LE군, LEM군에서 모두 유의적인 감소를 나타내었고(p<0.05), 혈청의 중성지방(triglyceride) 농도는 HFD군에 비해 LE, LEM군 모두 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 특히 LEM군은 통계적으로 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. 혈청의 HDL-cholesterol은 HFD군과 시료처리군에서 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, LDL-cholesterol은 HFD군에 비해 LEM군에서 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과로 보아 표고버섯과 표고버섯균사체배양쌀은 지방세포의 분화를 억제시키며, 혈중 지질 조성을 개선시키는 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.282-299
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 보존가치가 있는 다도해해상국립공원 거문도 백도코스의 지형 지질 경관자원에 관한 전문적인 지식을 기반으로 생태 역사 문화적 요소를 포함하여 거문도 백도코스의 지역성을 경험할 수 있는 지오투어리즘을 활성화 하는 데 있다. 지형 지질 경관자원으로서 백도지역의 해식애, 해식동, 풍화혈 등 해안지형과 화산암 관련 지형을 선정하였다. 역사 문화적 경관으로서 거문도 고도와 동도지역의 1885년 영국의 거문도점령사건과 연관된 영국군 묘지와 조선 말기 유학의 전승과 후학 지도에 정진한 김류의 사적지를 선정하였다. 끝으로 식생경관으로서 서도지역의 난온대 활엽수림대와 백도일원의 해안단애지 식생대를 선정하였다. 탐방경로는 고도에서 서도를 경유하여 동도로 이어지는 거문도지구의 생태 역사 문화 코스와 백도지구의 지형 지질 경관 코스를 제시해 보았다. 또한 지오투어리즘 활성화를 위해 거문도 내 방문자센터 설립, 주요 지오싸이트 내 관광해설표지판 설치, 환경 모니터링 등을 제안하였다.î

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.627-640
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• 2013

본 연구는 전남 여수시 백도의 지형형성과정을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 백도는 다도해의 형성과정과 해안지형을 이해하는 데 중요한 단서가 되는 섬이다. 백도를 구성하고 있는 암석은 미문상 화강암으로서 약 6천만 년 전에 형성된 것이다. 현재의 백도 지형을 형성케 한 요인은 지구조운동에 의한 북동-남서 방향과 동북동-서남서 방향의 절리선과 지반의 융기 그리고 파랑에 의한 침식작용 때문이다. 또한 백도를 구성하는 미문상 화강암에 대한 지화학적 분석에 의하면 백도는 칼크알칼리 계열(Calc-Alkaline)의 마그마 분화 특징을 보이며, 화산호 화강암(VAG)에 속한다. 즉 대륙주변부의 섭입환경에서 생성된 마그마임을 의미한다. 또한 단층과 해안단구로 보이는 지형이 관찰되나 백도일원에 신생대 제4기 후빙기 때 해수면 상승보다 더 큰 융기운동이 있었는지에 대해 추후 논의가 필요하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1989-1996
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• 2015

Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) can inhibit ice recrystallization (IR), a major cause of cell death during cryopreservation. IBPs are hypothesized to improve cell viability after cryopreservation by alleviating the cryoinjury caused by IR. In our previous studies, we showed that supplementation of the freezing medium with the recombinant IBP of the Arctic yeast Glaciozyma sp. (designated as LeIBP) could reduce post-thaw hemolysis of human red blood cells and increase the survival of cryopreserved diatoms. Here, we showed that LeIBP could improve the viability of cryopreserved mammalian cells. Human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), mouse fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), human preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were evaluated. These mammalian cells were frozen in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/fetal bovine serum (FBS) solution with or without 0.1 mg/ml LeIBP at a cooling rate of -1℃/min in a -80℃ freezer overnight. The minimum effective concentration (0.1 mg/ml) of LeIBP was determined, based on the viability of HeLa cells after treatment with LeIBP during cryopreservation and the IR inhibition assay results. The post-thaw viability of mammalian cells was examined. In all cases, cell viability was significantly enhanced by more than 10% by LeIBP supplementation in 5% DMSO/5% FBS: viability increased by 20% for HeLa cells, 28% for NIH/3T3 cells, 21% for MC3T3-E1, 10% for CHO-K1, and 20% for HaCaT. Furthermore, addition of LeIBP reduced the concentrations of toxic DMSO and FBS down to 5%. Therefore, we demonstrated that LeIBP can increase the viability of cryopreserved mammalian cells by inhibiting IR.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicera japonica water extracts (LE) on Ulcerative Colitis Induced by DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium) in Mice. Methods : Colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/c mice. The sample group was divided into three. The mice in control group were not inflammation-induced. The pathological group was composed of untreated colitis elicited mice. The experimental group was administered Lonicera japonica water extracts (LE) after colitis elicitation. The effects on ulcerative colitis were evaluated the anti-oxidant effect, inhibition of COX-2 mRNA expression, the morphological change of colonic mucosa, decrease effect of HSP 70 and COX-2 in mucosa. Results : The SOD ability of LE was dose-dependently increased and the LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression of LE was dose-dependently decreased. LE showed the protective effects on DSS-induced experimental colitis. LE inhibited shortening of colon length, the hemorrhagic erosion in colonic mucosa. LE also showed the decrease effect for HSP70 and COX-2 in mucosa. Conclusions : The current results demonstrate the clinical utility of LE in traditional medicine and indicate the possible treatments for ulcerative colitis from natural products. Further investigations for exact mechanisms will be needed.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2009

The effects of thermo-solutal convection on mercurous chloride system of ${Hg_2}{Cl_2}$, and Ne during physical vapor transport are numerically investigated for further understanding and insight into essence of transport phenomena, For $10\;K{\le}{\Delta}T{\le}30\;K$, the growth rate slowly increases and, then is decreased gradually until ${\Delta}T$=50 K, The occurrence of this critical point near at ${\Delta}T$=30 K is likely to be due to the effects of thermo-physical properties stronger than the temperature gradient corresponding to driving force for thermal convection. For the range of $10\;Torr{\le}P_B{\le}300\;Torr$, the rate is second order-exponentially decayed with partial pressures of component B, $P_B$. For the range of $5{\le}M_B{\le}200$, the rate is second order-exponentially decayed with a function of molecular weight of component B, $M_B$. Like the case of a partial pressure of component B, the effects of a molecular weight arc: reflected through the binary diffusivity coefficients, which are intimately related with suppressing the convection flow inside the growth enclosure, i,e., transition from convection to diffusion-dominant flow mode as the molecular weight of B increases. The convective mode is near at a ground level, i,e., on earth (1 $g_0$), and the convection is switched to the diffusion mode for $0.1\;g_0{\le}g{\le}10^{-2}g_0$, whereas the diffusion region ranges from $10^{-2}g_0$ up to $10^{-5}g_0$.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2020

Purpose: To investigate the impact of omega-3-enriched lipid emulsion (LE) on liver enzyme (aspartate transaminase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and triglyceride (TG) levels of children undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This experimental randomized controlled group pretest-posttest design study included 14 children who underwent gastrointestinal surgery due to duodenal atresia, jejunal atresia, esophageal atresia, and need for parenteral nutrition for a minimum of 3 days at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya between August 2018 and January 2019. These children were divided into two groups, those who received standard intravenous LE (medium-chain triglyceride [MCT]/long-chain triglyceride [LCT]) and those who received intravenous omega-3-enriched LE. Differences in AST, ALT, and TG levels were measured before surgery and 3 days after the administration of parenteral nutrition. Results: Liver enzyme and TG levels in each group did not differ significantly before versus 3 days after surgery. However, TG levels were significantly lower in the omega-3-enriched intravenous LE group (p=0.041) at 3 days after surgery, and statistically significant difference in changes in TG levels was noted at 3 days after surgery between MCT/LCT intravenous LE group and the omega-3-enriched intravenous LE group (p=0.008). Conclusion: The intravenous omega-3-enriched LE had a better TG-lowering effect than the MCT/LCT intravenous LE in children undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.50-62
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• 2013

Objective : Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major pathogenic bacteria for acne vulgaris. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts on the inflammatory cytokines gene expression by P. acnes in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cell line. Methods : Anti-bacterial activity and cytotoxicity of LE extracts was analyzed by agar plate culture and XTT assay. The cytokines gene expressions were assessed by real time RT-PCR for IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-${\alpha}$. During the cell culture and treatments, amounts of secreted TNF-${\alpha}$ were measured by ELISA. Translocation of transcription factor NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytoplasm into nucleus was observed by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Results : There were no anti-bacterial effects and cytotoxicity as high as $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of LE extracts in XTT assay. Transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were increased by P. acnes in HaCaT. LE extracts decreased the upregulated gene transcription levels. However, amounts of secreted TNF-${\alpha}$ were similar in HaCaT cells with P. acnes and LE extracts. Translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ into nucleus by P. acnes was significantly inhibited by LE extracts. Conclusions : From the results of this study, LE extracts have anti-inflammatory effects on HaCaT cells by P. acnes that decreased the mRNA expressions of IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-${\alpha}$. This anti-inflammatory effects of LE extracts could provide the potential of therapeutic substance for acne vulgaris.