• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.9
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• pp.53-74
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• 1982

On admet Jusqu'ici que le XVe siecle est une $\acute{e}poque$ phare de l'histoire de l'imprimerie avec l'apparition de la typographie en Orient et en Occident, $c'est-\acute{a}-dire$ en $Cor\acute{e}e$ sur le Rhim. Cependant, $l'\acute{e}poque$ de l'invention typographique en $Cor\acute{e}e$ doit $\hat{e}tre$ $devanc\acute{e}e$ encore d'un ou deux siecle. Outre cette question, il est $\acute{a}$ noter ici que les caracteres mobiles $m\acute{e}talliques$ Kyemi, fondus en 1403, ont $jou\acute{e}$ un $r\hat{o}le$ $tr\acute{e}s$ important dans l'histoire de la typographie mondiale et que les $caract\acute{e}res$ kabin qui leur $succ\acute{e}derent$ en 1434 menerent la typographie $cor\acute{e}enne$ a son $apog\acute{e}e$. Or, les recherches $cor\acute{e}ennes$ se satifait de la primaute de l'invention en Coree des caracteres mobiles metalliques, mais n'adoptent pas une attitude suffisament critique. Aussi, l'auteur a-toil voulu s'interroger sur la veritable valeur de la typographie de la dynastie de Choson tant au point de vue de l'histoire de l'imprimerie mondiale. En premier lieu, on etudie, comme une chronique, les caracteres mobiles metalliques importants tout au long de la dynastie de Choson sans donner une interpretation nouvelle. C'est dans deux derniers, qu'on essaie de developper ses idees sur la typographie en Coree notamment la question technologique qui devrait etre le fond des recherches. Aussi, on y etudie, la technique de la typographie ancienne en Coree interpretee selon une methode scientifique et moderne et, enfin, le bilan synthetique en cherchant les raisons qui freinerent son developpement en Coree malgre la performance de ses debuts. A l'issue de ces recherches, on ne peut s'empecher d'eprouver une certaine insatisfaction a cause de l'ambiguite des explications que l'on trouve dans des documents fondamentaux. Avec ce difficulte on a voulu, au moins, exposer des points discutatables qui devraient etre les recherches a futur.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.252-257
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• 1996

La structure syllabique est un facteur important dan la prononciation d'une langue. Dans cette these, on a essaye de montrer que les caracteristiques de la syllabe varie d'une langue a une autre, et que les regles qui regissent la syllabe dan la langue maternelle a le dessue et done fait appliquer ses regles a la langue etrangere. Premierement, l'accentuation du coreen depend de la structure syllabique (qu'elle soit consonne-voyelle(CV) ou consonne-voyelle-consonne(CVC) et de la longueur de la voyelle. Ce qui fait que bien que le francais soit oxyton, et que la longueur et la qualite de la voyelle dependent de la structure syllabique, le francais, le francais parle par les coreens suit les regles du coreen. Autre caracteristique est que le coreen n'admet pas de suite de consonnes avant et apres la voyelle centrale comme dans "premier"[$pr{\partial}mje$] "autre"[o:tR]. D'ou l'insertion de voyelle superflue comme [${\varpi},{\;}{\wedge},{\;}{\partial}$]. Troisiemement, il existe une difference dans la coupe de la chaine parlee: en coreen la coupe ecrite(le blanc) egale a peu pres a la coupe orale(la pause) alors qu'en francais, c'est en groupe de mots que se fait la coupe. A l'interieur du groupe, les mots sont lies entre eux, soity par liaison, soit par enchainement. On peut remarquer donc une nette influence du coreen, ou la regle est de prononcer correctement par unites ecrites (equivalent des mots en francais) : la chaine parlee devient saccadee, avec un accent sur tous les mots, et des coups de glotte entre les mots, et l'une des voyelles [${\varpi},{\;}{\wedge},{\;}{\partial}$] inseree entre un mot se terminant par une consonne suivi d'un mot qui commence par une consonne.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.153-161
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to understand Le Corbusier's idea of public and private spaces, and the hierarchical spatial structure in his multi-family housings. It investigates the origin of Le Corbusier's ideology about the public and private spaces in his multi-family housing projects. Precedents those influenced his ideas are two: first, Fourier's ideal community model $Phalanst\grave{e}re$; second, Monastery of Ema near Florence. In both cases, private and public spaces and intermediate spaces were in clear hierarchy and also in harmony. Le Corbusier focused on the interplay of individual and collective life. This study analyzed the spatial composition of Le Corbusier's three multi-family housing models. They are Immeubles-Villas of Ville contemporaine pour 3 millions d'habitants (1922), Immeubles-Villas at Pavillion of l'Esprit Nouveau (1925), Unite d'habitation at Marseille (1945). The three projects are different according to size and periodical characteristics. However, they followed his basic principle for spatial composition about multy-family housing. His 'method of harmony for public and private space' is as follows: first, the securing of clear personal space; second, the importance of the intermediate space; Third, the essential understanding of communal space. Through this study, it was reaffirmed that the 'multi-family housing is a space where individuals and the whole co-exist'.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.5 s.58
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• pp.637-645
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• 1996

In non-growing Class III malocclusion, the critical aspects which determine the need of orthognatic surgery are the severity of skeletal discrepancy, incisor inclination, overbile and soft tissue profile. Two-jaw surgery is more effective in correcting severe sagittal, vertical, transverse skeletal discrepancies and facial asymmetry. And more esthetic and stable profile can be achieved by two-jaw surgery Some midfacial deficiency Patients can be treated by Pyramidal Le Fort II osteotomy to maintain infraorbital rim and malar complex and to advance nasomaxillary complex. Others who require advancement of infraorbital rim and malar complex can be treated by quadrangular Le Fort II osteotomy. On the following cases, patients who had represented midfacial deficiency and mandibular prognathism were treated with combined orthodontic-surgical therapy by Le Fort II osteotomy and BSSRO.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.409-418
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• 2020

The study focused on Jean-Luc Godard's about the relationship between visual effects and psychoanalysis of the film. Godar set up an interpreter for communication between the scenario adaptors and producers, producers and directors, producers and interpreters, and assistants in However, the role of an interpreter is based on the premise that although there is an interpreter, accurate communication is impossible. Such a break in communication is used as a strategy to clearly clarify Godar's own direction while revealing the difficulties of filmmaking as the gap between the two sides in filmmaking becomes clear. Based on Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the meaning of the study is to analyze Jean-Luc Godard's relationship with filmmakers, directors, writers, actors and how the director visually reproduces the conflict among the invisible participants in the film.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.204-212
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on the pain behavior and expression of TRPM8 in the dorsal root ganglion(DRG) in the rat model of ambient cold(AC) exposed osteoarthritis(OA). Methods : OA was induced by the injection of $50{\mu}l$ of 2% monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) into the knee joint cavity. To examine the level of pain, weight bearing forces(WBFs) of affected limb was measured. For the AC exposure, the animals were housed in 6 h/day at $4^{\circ}C$ for 14 days after MIA injection. Moxibustion treatment was performed at EX-LE4 and EX-LE5 with 5 cons(1, 7 or 10 mg) per day for 13 days from 5 days after MIA injection. The expressions of TRPM8 in DRG were measured by western blotting analysis. Results : The WBFs of MIA-AC group were decreased significantly compared to MIA group at 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 days after arthritis induction. After the first 6 h-AC exposure, expressions of TRPM8 in MIA-AC group were increased significantly compared to those of naive group. After moxibustion treatment, only the WBFs of 7 mg treated group were restored significantly. Moreover, the over-expressions of TRPM8 were attenuated by the moxibustion treatment in AC exposed rats. Conclusions : The data suggest that AC can increase arthritic knee pain via up-regulated TRPM8 and moxibustion treatment improve the arthritic pain via modulation of TRPM8 expression in DRG in the rat model of AC exposed MIA induced arthritis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.9C
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• pp.906-914
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• 2009

SC-FDMA is employed in the 3GPP-LTE standard as the uplink transmission scheme. SC-FDMA has advantages that the signal has a low PAPR property and a simple equalizer such as FD-LE can be implemented. But FD-LE has inferior performance to Hybrid-DFE composed of frequency-domain feedforward filter and time-domain feedback filter. Recently, several IB-DFE algorithms have been proposed to overcome the disadvantages of implementation and processing complexity of Hybrid-DFE and to obtain superior performance to FD-LE. In this paper, we apply several IB-DFE algorithms to 3GPP-LTE uplink system and compare their performance by calculating BER. We investigate the effects of channel estimation errors and Doppler shift on performance. Finally, by analyzing computational complexity of IB-DFEs, we present some criteria to choose appropriate algorithm and to decide the number of iterative processes.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 1991

Maxillofacial deformities are not considered to be a trouble in social life but function. So many maxillofacial plastc surgeons has made efforts to overcome these troubles and bring out more positive life. The proper proportion and shape decide esthetic quality. Lower third of face was consist with lip, cheek, mandibular lower border and mandibular angle. Widening lower third of face give a impression with muscular and recklessness. And lower and wide mandibular angle makes face square shape. Unilateral involvement cause asymmestric face. These face is considered unfavorable, especially in Korea or Japan. We prevent a number of with mandibular angle Bulging which was corrected with mandibular osteotomy or masseter myotomy.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.846-854
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• 1999

Measurements of the local heat transfer coefficients were made on a hemispherically convex surface with a round oblique impinging jet. The liquid crystal transient method was used for these measurements. This method, which is a variation on the transient method, suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet while video recording the response of liquid crystal for the surface temperature measurements. The Reynolds number used was 23000 and the nozzle-to-surface distance was L/d=2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 and the jet angle was $\alpha$=$0^{\circ}\; 15^{\circ}\;30^{\circ}C\; and \;40^{\circ}C$. In the experiment, the Nusselt number at the stagnation point decreases as the jet angle increases and has the maximum value for L/d=6. The X-axis Nusselt number distributions exhibit Secondary maxima at $0^{\circ}C\re $\alpha$\re 15^{\circ}C, L/d\le6$ for X/d＜0(upstream) and at $0^{\circ}C\re $\alpha$40^{\circ}C,\;L/d\le4\;and\; at\; 30^{\circ}C\re $\alpha$$\leq$40^{\circ}C,\;L/d\le 6 $for X/d＞0(downstream). The secondary maxima occurs at long distance from the stagnation point as the jet angle increases or the nozzle-to-surface distance decreases. The Y-axis Nusselt number distributions exhibit secondary maxima at Y/d=$\pm$2 for $0^{\circ}C\le a\le30^{\circ}C\; and\; L/d\le4, and \;for\;$\alpha$=40^{\circ}C$and L/d=2. The displacement of the maximum Nusselt number from the stagnation point increases as the jet angle increases or the nozzle-to-surface distance decreases and the maximum distance is about 0.67 times of the nozzle diameter. The ratio of the maximum Nusselt number to the stagnation Nusselt number increases as the jet angle increases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2008

Generally, in analysis of reliability of Design and Development Phase, reliability of electrical components is analyzed based on standards such as MIL-HDBK-217F, Bellcore Issue 4,5,6 by analyzing stress of architectural side (Power, Voltage, Current and quality level of components) of weapon system and stress of operational side (operational environment, operational temperature, Operational Profile). But the reliability of mechanical components is analyzed based on the data book of failure history of mechanical parts called NPRD-95(Nonelectronic Parts Reliability Data-95) without any analysis of above stress. However, even if it's the same mechanical parts, it might have different failure rate(fatigue, wear, corrosion) during operation depending on how weary(stress : pressure, vibration, temperature during operation) the parts are. Therefore, analyzing reliability using just data book can cause big difference in reliability instead of analyzing based upon stressfulness that parts might have, operational concept, and other various factors. Thus, This paper will guide the way of predicting reliability by organizing ways of predicting reliability for system organization and adopt ing NSWC-98/LE1(Naval Surface Warfare Center-98/LE1) for mechanical components.