• BMB Reports
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2015

Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) performs critical roles in atherosclerosis by inducing macrophage foam cell formation and promoting inflammation. There have been reports showing that oxLDL modulates macrophage cytoskeletal functions for oxLDL uptake and trapping, however, the precise mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. Our study examined the effect of oxLDL on non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (MHC-IIA) in macrophages. We demonstrated that oxLDL induces phosphorylation of MHC-IIA (Ser1917) in peritoneal macrophages from wild-type mice and THP-1, a human monocytic cell line, but not in macrophages deficient for CD36, a scavenger receptor for oxLDL. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor-treated macrophages did not undergo the oxLDL-induced MHC-IIA phosphorylation. Our immunoprecipitation revealed that oxLDL increased physical association between PKC and MHC-IIA, supporting the role of PKC in this process. We conclude that oxLDL via CD36 induces PKC-mediated MHC-IIA (Ser1917) phosphorylation and this may affect oxLDL-induced functions of macrophages involved in atherosclerosis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2004

본 연구는 동맥 경화의 원인으로 알려진 사람 oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL)에 대한 geraniin의 산화 억제 효과에 대하여 실험하였다. 사람 LDL을 C $u^{2+}$유도 LDL로 산화 시킬 때 50와 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도의 geraniin를 첨가하여 TBARS을 측정한 결과 LDL에 대한 항산화가 높았으며 용량 의존형으로 나타났다. Geraniin를 20-100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml의 농도를 조절하여 전기 영동에 의한 이동상을 조사한 결과 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml geraniin의 농도에서 거의 완전한 억제 효과를 보였다. 사람 LDL에 C $u^{2+}$로 유도하여 LDL를 산화시킬때 conjugated diene를 보면 geraniin를 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 첨가하였을 때 억제 효과가 높았다. 또한 geraniin은 동맥의 내피세포에 서도 그 농도에 따라 억제효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 phorbol myristate acetate를 처리한 macrophage 유도활성 산소의 소거 효과는 geraniin의 농도가 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml일때 거의 소거하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 geraniin는 $\alpha$-tocopherol, ascorbir acid 및 합성 항산화제인 probucol과 거의 비슷한 항산화 활성이 있어 동맥 경화의 예방에 효과적이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.464-469
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• 2012

Endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is thought to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of genes involved in diverse cell functions, including differentiation, growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. MiRNA let-7 family is known to be involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis. However, the function of let-7 in ox-LDL induced ECs apoptosis and atherosclerosis is still unknown. Here, we show that let-7c expression was markedly up-regulated in ox-LDL induced apoptotic human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Let-7c over-expression enhanced apoptosis in ECs whereas inhibition of let-7c could partly alleviate apoptotic cell death mediated by ox-LDL. Searching for how let-7c affected apoptosis, we discovered that antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xl was a direct target of let-7c in ECs. Our data suggest that let-7c contributes to endothelial apoptosis through suppression of Bcl-xl.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.237-247
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• 1990

This study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on serum cholesterol concentration of young women. Thirty healthy students were divided into Zn and placebo groups, and were orally given with zinc(50mg/day, 220mg as ZnSO4·7H2O) or placebo for 2 month (June 9-August 7, 1988). Changes of plasma zinc, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C) and total lipid were analyzed from the initiation to 1 month after the end of zinc supplementation at monthly interval. Plasma zinc, serum LDL-C content and LDL-C/HDL-C were significantly increased by zinc supplementation. Serum total cholesterol content tended to be increased by zinc supplementation but was not significantly different between the two groups. Serum HDL-C content was significantly decreased by zinc supplementation. Serum total lipid content was not different between the two groups during experimental period. Thus, in this study considering the effect of zinc supplementation on serum cholesterol concentration, we conclude that the effect of zinc supplementation on coronary heart disease may be negative.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitamin {TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} deficiency and age affect the blood cho-lesterol profile in exercising rats. Fifty four rats were fed either a viramin {TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} deficient dief(-{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX}) of a control diet(+{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX}) for 6 weeks, then subdivided into 3 groups:non-exercise group(NE), exercise and sacrifice group(ES), exercise and recuperation group(ER). ES group was exercised in treadmill({TEX}$10^{o}${/TEX}, 0.5~0.8km/h) for 2 hours and sacrifice. ER group was recuperated three days with respective diet after exercise. At week 3 and 6, and level of plasma total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL_C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL_C) were compared. In NE group, there was no difference in the levels of TC, HDL_C and LDL_C between +{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats and -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats. The plasma levels of TC and LDL_C of 6 weeks were higher than those of 3 weeks and on difference in HDL_V between 3 weeks rats and 6 weeks rats. In ES group, there was also no difference in the levels of TC, HDL_C and LDL_C between +{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats and -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats and there was no difference in TC, LDL-cholesterol between 3 weeks rats and 6 weeks rats. The level of HDL_C pf 6 weeks was lower than that of 3 weeks rats. In ER group, there was no difference in the levels of TC and LDL_C not only between +{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats and-{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats but also between 3 weeks rats and 6 weeks rats. The level of HDL_C was lower in -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats than in +{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats and higher in 6 weeks rats than in 3 weeks rats. These results suggest that vitamin {TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} deficiency may affect the HDL_C during exercise and after recuperation. The desirable effect of exercise on plasma Cholesterol profile is strengthened in adult age than young age.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.406-416
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this secondary data analysis study were first to identify the number of Korean adults achieving goals set by the American Diabetes Association for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and secondly to identify the characteristics associated with lack of goals attainment. Methods: The sample was 413 Koreans with diagnosed diabetes aged thirty years or older who participated in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Goals attainment for HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C were presented in percentages. Logistic regressions were used to examine associations between participants' characteristics and lack of goals attainment. Results: About 48% had HbA1c<7%, 48.2% had BP<130/80mmHg, and 34.1% had LDL-C<100mg/dL. Only 8.7% of the sample achieved all three parameters. In multivariate analysis, younger age, longer diabetes duration, insulin use, and abdominal obesity were associated with not meeting HbAlC goal. Smoking and use of antihypertensive medication were associated with BP${\geq}$130/80 mmHg. No use of lipid lowering agents was associated with LDL-C${\geq}$100 mg/dL. Conclusion: Many Koreans with diabetes were not at goals for HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C. For optimal control, appropriateness of therapy and poor lifestyle habits should be assessed periodically and managed accordingly.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), anti-oxLDL, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in hyperlipidemic patients with periodontal disease. Methods: This study included 123 patients with hyperlipidemia categorized based on metabolic control as mild to moderate (H1) (n=66) or poor (H2) (n=57), as well as systemically healthy controls (C) (n=68). Serum levels of lipids, oxLDL, anti-oxLDL, and MPO were evaluated, along with clinical periodontal parameters. Results: The percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP%) and the clinical attachment level were significantly higher in the H2 group than in the C group. Patients with hyperlipidemia had a relatively high risk of developing periodontal disease. The oxLDL and anti-oxLDL levels were higher in H2 patients with periodontitis than in the control or H1 patients with periodontitis. In the H1 and H2 groups, the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein was significantly correlated with gingival index, BOP%, and oxLDL levels. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the lipoprotein-associated inflammatory mediators of oxLDL, anti-oxLDL, and MPO may play an important role in the relationship between periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2023

Background: As per guidelines for treating dyslipidemia, the recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level in extremely high-risk patients, including those with coronary artery diseases is <55 mg/dL. Although this recommendation has been adopted in the guidelines for dyslipidemia in various countries, there is limited evidence of its efficacy in reducing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially among East Asian patients. This study aimed to investigate whether an LDL-C value below 55 mg/dL is associated with decreased risk of CVDs. Methods: Seven clinical trials including 50,970 patients that compared intensive lipid-lowering therapy with less therapy or placebo in patients who had >6 months of follow-up, those with a sample size of ≥150 were selected as the final literature for analysis. Risk ratios (RR) using random effects were represented with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the reliability of the results. Results: An LDL-C level of <55 mg/dL was related to significantly reduced events of major CVDs (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.98) and myocardial infarction (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73-0.90) and a reduced risk of ischemic stroke (RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.69-0.89, mean follow-up=2 years). However, an LDL-C level below 55 mg/dL did not reduce the incidence of CVD in intensive therapy in East Asian patients. Conclusions: A goal LDL-C value below 55 mg/dL was identified to be related to a decreased risk of developing CVD. However, the relation to LDL-C below 55 mg/dL with a decreased risk of CVD was not observed in East Asian patients.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2016

증가하고 있는 심혈관질환을 예방하기 위한 연구와 함께 심혈관질환 위험도를 예측할 수 있는 평가도구에 대한 연구도 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. 가장 널리 알려져 있는 Framingham risk score (FRS)는 여러 선행 연구에서 그 타당성이 검증되었다. 본 연구에서는 연구 대상자들의 LDL 콜레스테롤과 총 콜레스테롤의 적용에 따른 FRS의 점수 차이를 살펴보고, 두 변수의 선택 적용에 따른 10년 내 심혈관질환 발생 위험도의 판정에 대한 일치도를 평가해 보고자 하였다. 2011 국민건강영양조사 데이터 중 심혈관질환 진단을 받은 자를 제외한 1,530명(남성 755명, 여성 775명)의 자료를 이용하였다. LDL 콜레스테롤 또는 총 콜레스테롤 중에 어떤 항목을 적용하느냐에 따라 FRS와 심혈관질환의 10년 예측위험도는 차이가 있었다. 남녀 모두 FRS는 LDL 콜레스테롤 적용 점수 보다 총콜레스테롤 적용 점수가 더 높았다. 위험도 10% 미만의 저위험군, 10~19%의 중등도 위험군, 20% 이상의 고위험군 분류에서 남성 106명, 여성 26명의 판정이 일치하지 않았다. 코헨의 카파 계수는 남성의 경우 0.718, 여성의 경우 0.884로 나타나 여성의 경우 더 높은 일치성을 보였다. 심혈관질환의 10년 예측위험도와의 관련성에서도 LDL 콜레스테롤을 포함한 회귀식 보다 총 콜레스테롤을 포함한 회귀식에서 남녀 모두 설명력이 더 높아 총 콜레스테롤을 반영한 FRS 산출과 10년 예측 위험도의 평가가 더 상관성이 더 높고, 더불어 남성 보다는 여성에서 더 일치하는 결과가 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the relevance of cardiovascular disease risk factors AI and AIP, divided into three groups, among 300 individuals who underwent health checkups at the hospital. Various variables such as Age, Sex, BMI, WC, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FBS, HbA1C, SBP, DBP, HR, AI (TC/HDL-C), and AIP (log(TG/HDL-C)) were analyzed using statistical methods including frequency analysis, cross-tabulation, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The cross-analysis based on cardiovascular disease risk criteria revealed that men and individuals in their 50s had higher cardiovascular disease risk based on AI and AIP. Significant differences were observed in TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, AI (TC/HDL-C), and AIP (log(TG/HDL-C)) according to AI criteria. For the AIP criteria, TG, TC, HDL-C, FBS, HbA1C, HR, AI (TC/HDL-C), and AIP (log(TG/HDL-C)) were identified as cardiovascular disease risk factors. FBS and HbA1c showed the highest positive correlation In the correlation analysis, followed by TC and LDL-C. The lowest positive correlation was observed between LDL-C and DBP. In terms of negative correlation, HDL-C and AI had the highest negative correlation, while LDL-C and TG showed the lowest negative correlation. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the AI and AIP risk criteria had explanatory powers of 73.6% and 72.5%, respectively. HDL-C had the greatest negative effect on the AI risk criterion, while TG had the most significant influence on the AIP risk criterion. In conclusion, while other serological variables are important, managing HDL-C and TG levels may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.