• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.638-645
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 사용된 혈성심정지용액에 의한 심근보호의 효과를 평가하고 심근보호를 평가하는 방법에 있어서 심근 미세구조관찰의 유용성과 다른 검사방법들과의 상관관계를 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 판막수술 및 관상동맥우회로술을 시행한 18명의 환자의 심전도, CK의 MB 동위효소, SGOT, LDH1과 LDH2의 비 등의 변화를 측정하고 반정량적인 방법을 통해 심근 미세구조의 변화를 관찰하였다. 인공심폐기 가동 직전과 인공심폐기 가동 직후 우심방 부속지에 조직검사를 시행하였고, 심근관련 혈청효소치들과 심전도는 술 후 3일 동안 검사하여 최고치를 구하였으며 심전도에서는 새로운 Q파나 ST분절의 상승을 관찰하였다. 결과: 대상환자는 남자 8명, 여자 10명이었으며 평균연령은 55.6$\pm$13세였다. 판막수술을 시행한 환자는 8명 관상동맥우회로술을 시행한 환자는 10명이었고, 평균 체외순환시간은 119$\pm$29분이었고 평균 대동맥차단시간은 75.4$\pm$24분이었다 체외순환 직전의 1.28$\pm$0.53이었던 평균 사립체 변화점수가 체외순환이후에는 2.35$\pm$0.79로 의미있게 증가했으나 술 후 심근경색을 시사하는 심근관련 혈청효소치의 증가나 심전도상의 새로운 Q파의 발견이나 ST분절의 상승은 없었다. 그리고 체외순환인 직전 및 직후 심근 사립체 변화점수, 또한 이들의 차는 체외순환시간 및 대동맥차단시간과 상관관계가 없었으며, 술 후 CK-MB, SGOT, LDH1/LDH2 등의 최고치와도 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나 체외순환시간과 LDH1/LDH2수치는 유의한 상관관계를 보였다 결론: 혈성심정지용액을 사용한 이번 연구에서 심근관련혈청수치나 심전도상에서 만족스러운 결과를 보였지만 심근의 미세구조에는 많은 변화가 있었으며 보다 많은 연구들이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2008

The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced toxicity which damage to liver. Primary researches were gained on the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS, and the data about the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme were listed as many as possible. The effect factors were alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase (AD), liver aniline hydroxylase (AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (liver MDA), cytochrome P450 (P450), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytochrome b5 (Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase (GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver (${\gamma}-GCS$), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), serum total protein (TP), serum ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$ (${\gamma}-GT$). To investigate the effect of ginseng, the mean difference (MD) between the group of rats induced by toxicity (RH) and the group of rats induced by toxicity with ginseng (RHG) were combined, and the significance of MDs were tested. The combined MDs were checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases, and adjusted by using random effect model and trim and fill method, respectively. The effect about ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, SDH, TP and ${\gamma}-GT$ in plasma factors were significant, and about AD, liver MDA, P450, Cyto b5, GR, GST, GT and ${\gamma}-GCS$ in enzyme factors were significant. The treatment with ginseng supplementation was significantly effected on plasma and enzyme factors of damaged-rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1980

This study was prepared to observe some enzyme activities in the liver of mice treated with extracts of Ginseng anticancer compound, separated from the petroleum ether extracts by silicic acid chromatography, has the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Swiss mice, 72 heads were used (or this experiment and they were divdied into control, test group I and test group If, that test group I was injected crude extract and test group II was injected anticancer compound, while the control group was injected 0.9% NaCl solution. The injections were carried out 1,2,4 and 8 times once a day for 1-8 day, respectively. The liver was removed carefully from the mice at 24 hours after drugs injected, and homogenized at 4$^{\circ}C$ for enzyme study. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) were determined by Reitmen and Frankel method and lactic acid dehydrogenase activity was determined by Wroblewski methods in vitro. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The GOT activity was increased 26%, crude extract and 16%, anticancer compound than those of control at 1st injected groups and decreased gradually according to increase of injection time, at 8th injected groups, the GOT activity was decresed by 16%, crude extract and 12%, anticancer compound. 2. The GPT activity was not changed significantly at 1st and 2nd injected groups, but, at 4th injected groups, the GPT activity was decreased 20%, crude extract and 14%, anticancer compound. While the GPT activity was recovered to normal value at 8th injected groups. 3. At 1st injected groups, the LDH activity was increased 17%, anticancer compound, while those of crude extract was shown normal value. At 2nd injected groups, the LDH activity increased 35yo:, crude extract while those of anticancer compound was showed normal value. And the LOH activity was recovered gradually at 4th and 8th injected groups.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.313-325
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• 1998

The effect of Holotrichia on natural killer cell activity in normal mouse were studied. 1. The oral administration of Holotrichia increased spleen weight about 21.1% and also cell numbers of spleen compared to control mice group. 2. The cytotoxicity of effector cell was most effectively induced in a ratio of 50 : 1(effector/target cell). 3. Cytotoxicity of effector cells was. increased about 24% as compared with control group in in vivo test. 4. On the other hand, the administration of Holotrichia original solution showed significant increase the cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was increased concentration dependently. 5. The cytotoxicity by $^{3}H-thymidine$ incorporation assay showed similar effect with LDH enzyme method. 6. In the purified NK cells, the cytotoxicity was increased about 31% as compared with control group in in vivo system and the ratio of cytotoxicity was generally more increased than that of partially purified NK cell. 7. In vitro experimet of the purified NK cells, the cytotoxicity was increased 11.8% as compared with control group and the ratio of cytotoxicity was also more increased than that of partially purified NK cell. These results suggest that Holotrichia is administrated to mice with malignant tumors, the increase of NK cell activity may occur and affect tumor cells.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2003

Objective : In order to investigate the curative effect of Jucha-whan on the protective liver of guinea pigs induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine, serum transaminase(GOT, GPT), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), glutathione S-transferase(GST), superoxide dismutase(SOD) were used to measure enzyme activities and lipid peroxide level. Method : The subject animals were divided into 5 groups; a control group(untreated), a subject group(administered with 0.9% Saline solution), a sample I (500mg/kg administered), sample II group (1000mg/kg administered), positive control group(administered with 200mg/kg silymarine). Result : The inhibitory effects on the serum GOT, LDH, ALP, SOD and Lipid peroxide level activities in protective liver of mice induced by $CCl_4$ were noted both in the sample I group and sample II. The inhibitory effects on the serum GPT activities in protective liver of guinea pigs induced by $CCl_4$ were noted in sample II group, but it was not noted in the sample I. The inhibitory effects on the GST activities in protective liver of guinea pigs induced by $CCl_4$ were not noted in both sample I and sample group II. The inhibitory effects on the serum GOT, GPT activities in protective liver of guinea pigs induced by d-galactosamine were noted in both sample I and sample II, but it was not recognizable statistically. The inhibitory effects on the serum LDH activities in protective liver of guinea pigs induced by d-galactosamine were noted in sample II, but it was not noted in sample I group. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered that Jucha-whan has treatment effects on liver injury in guinea pigs induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. So it is required to study about the actions of mutual relation of medicines and patho-mechanism through experiment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2000

Background: Nucleoside transport inhibitor(NTI) Keeps AMP, ADP, ATP levels high in myocytes by inhibiting adenosine cataboilsm so that it may preserve the myocardial contractability during ischemia In this study we investigated the effects of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibor(C-AMP PDSI) and S-P-nitrobenzyl-6 -thioniosine(NBT; a sort of NIT) on myocadial preservation and changes of constituent enzyme. Material and method: Twenty-six isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution for 20 minutes arrested for 20 minutes and ten reperfused for 30 minutes. The following four groups were prepared and hemodynamic changes coronary effluent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) a-hydroxybutylic accid(a-HBD) levels and myocardial LDH creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) adenosine deaminase(ADA) a-HBD levels and myocardial LDH creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) adenosine deaminase(ADA) a-HBD levels were analysed before and after cardiac arest ; Group I(control) ; the heart was only perfused with K-H ; Group II ; the heart was perfused with K-H including C-AMP PDSI(Amrinone 25mg/L); Group III ; the heart was perfused with K-H including NBT(4.19mg/L) ; Group IV ; the heart was perfused with K-H including C-AMP PDSI + NBT. Result : Left venticular developed pressure(LVDP) at 10 minutes of the equilibrium was significantly higher in group III(72.1$\pm$5.3 mmHg p<0.01) and group III(72$\pm$5.6 mmHg P<0.025) as compared with group I (40.8$\pm$4.7mmHg) and LVDP at 20 minutes of the reperfusion was significantly higher in group II(74$\pm$5.3mmHg p<0.01) and group III(72$\pm$5.6mmHg p<0.025) as compared with group I (44.2$\pm$4.6mmHg). Percentage recovery of LVDP at the reperfusion was the highest in group II(123.3%) Percentage recovery of coronary flow at the equilibrium reperfusion were higher in group II(310%, 270%) group III(230%, 290%) group IV(310%, 280%) as compared with group I (100%) respectively. Myocadial LDH level was significant lower in group IV(33495$\pm$1802 IU/gm p<0.04) as compared with group I(48767$\pm$1421 IU/gm) Myocadial CK-MB level was significant higher in group II(74820$\pm$1421 IU/gm) compared with group I (45450$\pm$1737 IU/gm) Myocadial ADA level was significant higher group IV(1215$\pm$8 IU/gm p<0.05) compared with group I(125$\pm$15 IU/gm) but there was no significant difference between group I and group II ,III, IV in changes of coronary effluent LDH, a-HBD levels. Conclusion: C-AMP PDSI solely appears to have a better effect on myocardial preservation after ischemia than NBT but with no synergistic effect and it could keep CK-MB leve high in myocardial tissues.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.937-949
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• 2008

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced with CC14 or TCDD, the toxicities that cause liver damages. Primary studies were collected from the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS. The data on the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme are listed as many as possible: The effect factors were alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase(AD), liver aniline hydroxylase(AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(liver MDA), cytochrome P450(P450), serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), cytochrome b5(Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase(GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver($\gamma$-GCS), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase(SDH), serum total protein(TP), and serum $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase($\gamma$-GT). In order to investigate the effect of ginseng, the standard mean difference(HG) between the group of rats induced with toxicity(RH) and the group of rats induced with ginseng(RHG) were combined, and the significance of HGs were tested. The combined HGs checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases. Then they were adjusted by using the random effect model and trim and fill method. Although the publication biases were assumed, among all plasma factors the HGs of ALT, AST, serum MDA, SDH, TP, and $\gamma$-GT were significant, and among all enzyme factors the HGs of liver MDA, Cyto b5, GR, GST, and GT were significant. The treatment with ginseng significantly affected the plasma and enzyme levels in rats induced with toxicity.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2000

Vancomycin은 세포벽의 합성을 억제하여 세균에 대한 항균효과를 나타내는 glycopeptide 계 항생물질로서 그람양성세균으로 인한 감염치료에 광범위하게 사용되며, 특히 methicillin 내성 포도상구균의 선택적 치료제로 쓰이고 있다. 그러나 최근 임상검체에서도 중등도의 내성을 가지는 포도상구균 (Mu50: MIC 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)이 나타나기 시작하였고 여러 가지 여건상 국내에서도 내성균주가 분리될 가능성이 높다고 사료되어 임상검체 중 methcillin 내성 포도상구균을 대상으로 vancomycin 감수성 및 내성빈도 조사를 실시하고 이에 따른 내성기전을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 실험 결과 107주 (株)의 methicillin 내성균주 중 23.3%가 vancomycin에 대하여 내성을 보였으며 vancomycin 내성을 나타내는 표준균주인 Mu50과 Mu3의 중간 정도의 내성빈도를 보였다. 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통해 장구균의 vancomycin 내성에 관여하는 vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2, vanH 특이 유전자는 증폭되지 않았다. SDS-PAGE를 실시하여 81 kDa, 58 kDa, 33 kDa, 28 kDa 등의 주요 단백 분획을 확인하였고, Mu50에서 45 kDa의 특징적인 단백 분획을 관찰하였다. LDH enzyme assay에서는 한 개의 검체가 Mu50과 함께 높은 LDH 활성을 보였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Purpose: To develop a technique for quantifying the $^{13}C$-metabolites by performing frequency-selective hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in vitro which combines simple spectrally-selective excitation with spectrally interleaved acquisition. Methods: Numerical simulations were performed with varying noise level and $K_p$ values to compare the quantification accuracies of the proposed and the conventional methods. For in vitro experiments, a spectrally-selective excitation scheme was enabled by narrow-band radiofrequency (RF) excitation pulse implemented into a free-induction decay chemical shift imaging (FIDCSI) sequence. Experiments with LDH / NADH enzyme mixture were performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed acquisition method. Also, a modified two-site exchange model was formulated for metabolism kinetics quantification with the proposed method. Results: From the simulation results, significant increase of the lactate peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) was observed. Also, the quantified $K_p$ value from the dynamic curves were more accurate in the case of the proposed acquisition method compared to the conventional non-selective excitation scheme. In vitro experiment results were in good agreement with the simulation results, also displaying increased PSNR for lactate. Fitting results using the modified two-site exchange model also showed expected results in agreement with the simulations. Conclusion: A method for accurate quantification of hyperpolarized pyruvate and the downstream product focused on in vitro experiment was described. By using a narrow-band RF excitation pulse with alternating acquisition, different resonances were selectively excited with a different flip angle for increased PSNR while the hyperpolarized magnetization of the substrate can be minimally perturbed with a low flip angle. Baseline signals from neighboring resonances can be effectively suppressed to accurately quantify the metabolism kinetics.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1990

Aconiti Tuber is the root of Aconitum sp (Ranunclaceae) which has been considered as one of the most important medicinal plant having cordiotonic, diuretic and analgesic effect. On the other hand, it has been known that Aconiti Tuber contained toxic agent, aconitine alkaloids so that only processed Aconiti Tubers have been used as herbal drug traditionally. For the safety evaluation of processed Aconiti Tuber, quantitative determination of aconitine and acute, subacute toxicity test were performed on 5 commercial processed Aconiti Tubers. Arapid and precise method using HPLC has been developed for the separation and determination of aconitine. Samples were extracted with hydrochloric acid (pH3) and hot water decoction. In case of d-HCL extracts, the contents of aconitine were from 0.08 mg/g to trace. But in case of hot water decoction extracts, the contents of aconitine were not detected. For the investigation of Aconiti Tuber toxicity in rats, hot water decoction samples and methanol extracts were tested. 1) Acute toxicity test Hot water decoction sample and methanol extracts from Aconiti Tuber did not show any toxic effects in rats by an oral administration. $LD_50values of 2 extracts were above 10.0 g/kg. 2) Subacute toxicity study In the repeated administration study, hot water decoction samples were given orally to Sprague-Dawlay rats for 2 week at daily doses of 5.0 g/kg. The results are as follows; No toxic manifestation, body weight changes and lethality were observed during wxperimental period. There were no significant changes in serum enzyme activities such as GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP between treated and control groups. However CPK values were decreased in the Subuja-treated group. (P<0.01). In addition, no gross and microscopic changes were noted in Aconiti Tuber-treated groups.