• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4487-4490
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• 2012

This study aimed to screen for anal cancer and to determine its cytomorphology using liquid-based cytology (LBC) with specimens preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol. Anal swabs were collected for cytological examination from 177 adult, HIV-infected patients. After collection, sample slides were reviewed and classified according to their cytomorphology using the modified Bethesda 2001 system. An abnormal anal Pap smear was found in 26.0% of the patients. The diagnoses were: 66.7% negative for intraepithelial lesions (NIL), 14.1% with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 10.7% (19) with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 1.13% with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). The cytological evaluation was an unsatisfactory result only with 6.67%. The present modified LBC using 95% ethyl alcohol as the preservative could thus be used for anal cancer screening. The number of SILs in Thai HIV-infected patients is lower than that in Western countries. We found anal cytology a satisfactory tool for early screening and detection of anal dysplasia commonly found in high-risk, HIV-infected patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.406-406
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• 2011

최근 결정질 실리콘 태양전지 분야에서는 태양전지의 Voc와 Isc의 증가를 통한 효율 향상을 목적으로 후면 passivation 박막에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. Local-Back Contact Cell은 최적화된 후면 passivation 박막을 이용한 태양전지 제조방법이다. 본 연구에서는 고효율의 LBC 태양전지 개발을 위해 Rapid Thermal Oxide(RTO)를 이용한 후면 passivation 박막에 screen printing을 이용한 point contact 구조의 LBC 태양전지를 제작하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 RTO 박막은 O2와 N2, 2L/min의 조건에서 $850^{\circ}C$에서 3분 동안 열처리하여 성장시켰다. 이렇게 성장된 박막은 3nm의 두께로 형성되어 passivation 효과를 나타내었으며, carrier lifetime 측정 결과 37.8us의 값을 나타냈다. 전면 ARC형성을 위해 RTO 박막 위에 PECVD를 이용하여 SiNx passivation 처리를 하였고, 그 결과 carrier lifetime은 49.1us까지 향상하였다. 후면의 전극 형성을 위해 screen printing 방법으로 Al point contact을 형성하여 local 한 BSF를 형성 시켰으며, 이후 후면 전극 연결을 위한 방법으로 300nm의 두께로 full Al evaporation 공정을 진행 하였다. 결과적으로 RTO 후면 passivation 박막에 Al point contact 형성을 통해 제작된 태양전지는, Suns-Voc 579mV, FF 82.3%, 16.7%의 효율을 달성하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1109-1116
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• 2010

In this paper, some performance characteristics of VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol) for MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) with simulation is studied and appropriate condition for implementation of VoIP service is suggested. VoIP simulator is implemented with NS(Network Simulator)-2. VoIP traffic for simulation is generated with some codecs of G.711, G.723.1, G.726-32, G.729A, GSM.AMR and iLBC. As simulation results for traffic transmission under $670{\times}670m$ 50node MANET environment, performance data for MOS(Mean Opinion Score), network delay, packet loss rate and transmission bandwidth are measured. Normalized analysis about measured results shows that maximum VoIP connection satisfying VoIP service quality condition is 15.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.736-741
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• 2022

Lattice-based cryptography is the most practical post-quantum cryptography because it enjoys strong worst-case security, relatively efficient implementation, and simplicity. Ring learning with errors (R-LWE) is a public key encryption (PKE) method of lattice-based encryption (LBC), and the most important operation of R-LWE is the modular polynomial multiplication of rings. This paper proposes a method for optimizing modular multipliers based on approximate computing (AC) technology, targeting the medium-security parameter set of the R-LWE cryptosystem. First, as a simple way to implement complex logic, LUT is used to omit some of the approximate multiplication operations, and the 2's complement method is used to calculate the number of bits whose value is 1 when converting the value of the input data to binary. We propose a total of two methods to reduce the number of required adders by minimizing them. The proposed LUT-based modular multiplier reduced both speed and area by 9% compared to the existing R-LWE modular multiplier, and the modular multiplier using the 2's complement method reduced the area by 40% and improved the speed by 2%. appear. Finally, the area of the optimized modular multiplier with both of these methods applied was reduced by up to 43% compared to the previous one, and the speed was reduced by up to 10%.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1988

고밀도 에너지빔의 하나인 플라즈마를 이용한 절단 및 용접법은 알루미늄, 스테인레스강 등 특수금속의 가공에 적용될 수 있고, 산소용접 및 절단, SMAW, GMAW, GTAW 등의 거래식 열 가공법에 비해서 부품의 정밀도, 가공속도면에서 유리하여 그 사용범위가 점점 넓어지고 있다. LBW, LBC, EBW 등과 마찬가지로 Keyholing 현상을 이용할 수 있어 높은 용입깊이를 나타낼 수 있는 장점이 있으며, 그 성능면에서는 위 방법들과 비교해 볼 때 가공속도, 가공부의 성질 등에서 불리하고, 장치의 저렴, 조작의 간편함 등에서 유리하기 때문에, 경쟁 및 상호보완의 관계를 유지시켜 나갈 것으로 기대된다. 수동가공과 자동가공이 모두 가능하나 부품의 정밀도와 생산성 향상을 위해서는 플라즈마 가공공정에 적합한 자동화 장치의 개발이 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7271-7275
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of significant lesions defined as high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and invasive carcinoma in women who had HPV-positive and cytology negative co-testing screening results. This retrospective study was conducted in Chiang Mai University Hospital between May, 2013 and August, 2014. Hybrid capture 2 (HC2) was used for HPV testing and conventional Pap smears for cytologic screening. A repeat liquid-based cytology (LBC) was performed in women with such co-testing results followed by colposcopy. Random biopsy was performed in cases of normal colposcopic findings. Further investigations were carried out according to the biopsy or the repeat LBC results. During the study period, 273 women met the criteria and participated in the study. The mean age of these women was 46.4 years with 30% of them reporting more than one partner. The median interval time to colposcopy was 165 days. About 40% showed an abnormality in the repeat cytology. Significant cervical lesions were found in 20 (7.3%) women, including 2 invasive cancers. Of interest was that only 2 of 20 significant lesions were diagnosed by colposcopic examination while the remainder were initially detected by cervical biopsy and abnormal repeat cytology. In conclusion, the prevalence of significant cervical lesions in HPV positive and cytology negative women in Northern Thailand was 7.3%. Further diagnostic work up with repeat cytology follow by colposcopy is recommended. Random biopsy should be performed even when the colposcopic findings are normal.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4567-4570
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• 2012

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictive value to detect significant neoplasia and invasive lesions, and to evaluate the correlation between clinical and histopathology of women with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) on Siriraj liquid-based cervical cytology (Siriraj-LBC). Methods: The computerized database of women who underwent Siriraj-LBC at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University from January 2007 to December 2010 were retrieved. The hospital records of women with SCCA cytology were reviewed. Results: The prevalence of SCCA cytology was 0.07%. A total of 86 women, mean age was 58.1 years. Sixty-one women (70.9%) were post-menopausal. Overall significant pathology and invasive gynecologic cancer were detected in 84 women (97.7%) and 71 women (82.5%), respectively. The positive predictive values for detection of significant neoplasia and invasive lesion were 97.7% and 82.6%, respectively. The cervical cancer was diagnosed in 69 women and among these 58 women were SCCA. Thirteen women (15.1%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 and two women (2.3%) had cervicitis. The sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy for cervical cancer detection in SCCA cytology were 83.3% and 75%, respectively. Median follow up period was 17.6 months and 64 patients were alive without cytologic abnormality. Conclusions: The final histopathology of SCCA cytology in our populations demonstrated a wide variety, from cervicitis to invasive cancer and the most common diagnosis was invasive cervical cancer. Colposcopy with biopsy and/or endocervical curettage and loop electrosurgical excision procedure should be undertaken to achieve histologic diagnosis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.10B
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• pp.1963-1970
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• 1999

Researches in draft recommendation H.263 have been made in ITU-T LBC group to broaden its range of useful application and to improve its compression performance. The form of added and revised draft text of H.263 is informally known as “H.263+”. In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of H.263+ negotiable option modes for four image classes. Based on the analysis results, we proposed the adaptive selection scheme of H.263+ option modes by using a scene change detector for a mixed image class. In case of using the proposed scheme, we obtained the 1.6dB improvement in PSNR compared to the basic mode of H.263, and the 0.4~1.0 dB improvement in PSNR compared to the fixed usage scheme of H.263+ negotiable option modes. In respect to used bits per frame, fewer bits are produced than the basic mode H.263 and the foxed usage scheme of H.263+ option modes.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2002

A bacterium producing the extracellular mannanase was isolated from Korean formented food and has been identified as a member of the genus Bacillus from the result of the phylogenic analysis based on partial 165 rRNA sequences. The isolate, named Bacillus sp. WL-3, was shown to be similar to B. subtilis strain on the basis of its biochemical properties. The mannanase of culture supematant was the most active at $55^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. The additional carbohydrates including u-cellulose, avicel, oat spelt xylan, guar gum and locust bean gum (LBG) increased the mannanase productivity. Especially, the maximum mannanase productivity was reached 65.5 U/ml in LB medium supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) LBG, which was 131-folds more than that in LB medium. It was sug-gested that the increase of mannanase production was owing to induction of mannanase biosynthesis by LBG hydrolysates transported following initial hydrolysis by extracellular mannanase during the cell growth. The molec-ular weight of WL-3 mannanase was estimated to approximately 38.0 kDa by zymogram on SDS-PAGE.

• Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.404-410
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• 2018

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology serves as a safe, economical tool in evaluating thyroid nodules. However, about 30% of the samples are categorized as indeterminate. Hence, many immunocytochemistry markers have been studied, but there has not been a single outstanding marker. We studied the efficacy of CD56 with human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 (HBME-1) in diagnosis in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) category III. Methods: We reviewed ThinPrep liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples with Papanicolaou stain from July 1 to December 31, 2016 (2,195 cases) and selected TBSRTC category III cases (n=363). Twenty-six cases were histologically confirmed as benign (six cases, 23%) or malignant (20 cases, 77%); we stained 26 LBC slides with HBME-1 and CD56 through the cell transfer method. For evaluation of reactivity of immunocytochemistry, we chose atypical follicular cell clusters. Results: CD56 was not reactive in 18 of 20 cases (90%) of malignant nodules and showed cytoplasmic positivity in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. CD56 showed high sensitivity (90.0%) and relatively low specificity (83.3%) in detecting malignancy (p=.004). HBME-1 was reactive in 17 of 20 cases (85%) of malignant nodules and was not reactive in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. HBME-1 showed slightly lower sensitivity (85.0%) than CD56. The specificity in detecting malignancy by HBME-1 was similar to that of CD56 (83.3%, p=.008). CD56 and HBME-1 tests combined showed lower sensitivity (75.0% vs 90%) and higher specificity (93.8% vs 83.3%) in detecting malignancy compared to using CD56 alone. Conclusions: Using CD56 alone showed relatively low specificity despite high sensitivity for detecting malignancy. Combining CD56 with HBME-1 could increase the specificity. Thus, we suggest that CD56 could be a useful preoperative marker for differential diagnosis of TBSRTC category III samples.