• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.I
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• pp.598-601
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• 2005

Z-correction is new method to be used when measuring pattern registration of photomasks. The method is based on measurement of the plate profile in the Zaxis and takes into account the impact on the registration deviations caused by plate support, contamination as well as the photomask flatness itself. Z-correction further facilitates a more neutral way of judging the overlay properties between individual photomasks within a mask set.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회 2004년도 The 7th korea-japan joint meeting of orthopaedic sports medicine
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• pp.36-36
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• 2004

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to evaluate the hydrologic impacts of climate and land use changes in a rural small watershed. HadCM3 (Hadley Centre Coupled Model, ver.3) A2 scenario and LARS-WG (Long Ashton Research Station - Weather Generator) were used to generate future climatic data. Future land use data were also generated by the CA-Markov (Cellular Automata-Markov) method. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to evaluate hydrologic impacts. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated with stream flow measured at the Baran watershed in Korea. The SWAT model simulation results agreed well with observed values during the calibration and validation periods. In this study, hydrologic impacts were analyzed according to three scenarios: future climate change (Scenario I), future land use change (Scenario II), and both future climate and land use changes (Scenario III). For Scenario I, the comparison results between a 30-year baseline period (1997~2004) and a future 30-year period (2011~2040) indicated that the total runoff, surface runoff, lateral subsurface runoff, groundwater discharge, and evapotranspiration increased as precipitation and temperature for the future 30-year period increased. The monthly variation analysis results showed that the monthly runoff for all months except September increased compared to the baseline period. For Scenario II, both the total and surface runoff increased as the built-up area, including the impervious surface, increased, while the groundwater discharge and evapotranspiration decreased. The monthly variation analysis results indicated that the total runoff increased in the summer season, when the precipitation was concentrated. In Scenario III, the results showed a similar trend to that of Scenario II. The monthly runoff for all months except October increased compared to the baseline period.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.463-463
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• 2011

농업은 다른 산업과 달리 원천적으로 기후 조건과 변화에 크게 좌우되는 분야로, 기후변화로 인한 영향에 가장 민감한 분야이다. 안정적이고 지속적인 농작물 생산을 위해서는 기후변화가 농업수자원에 미치는 영향에 대하여 정확히 파악하고, 이로 인해 발생할 수 있는 부정적 효과를 최소화하기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 즉 기온 상승, 강수량 및 강우강도 변화 및 일조시간의 변화 등의 기후변화에 따른 농업수자원에 미치는 영향에 대한 평가가 필요하다. 기후변화가 관개용수에 미치는 영향은 기온 상승과 강수량 증가로 크게 나누어 볼 수 있다. 기온상승은 증발산량 증가로 이어져 관개용수 증가의 원인이 된다. 강수량의 증가는 관개용수를 감소의 원인이 될 수 있지만, 계절별 강우 편차 및 강우 강도의 변화는 유효우량의 감소의 원인이 될 수 있다. 이는 관개기의 농업용수의 안정적 공급과 관리의 어려움이 예상되어 결과적으로 농업용수의 안정성을 위협받을 수도 있다. 즉, 전체 수자원에 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 논벼의 순용수량에 있어서 기후변화가 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 또한 농업용수개발과 수자원의 효율적인 관리계획 수립을 위해서는 기후변화에 따른 농업용수 수요분석이 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 순용수량을 산정하고, 이를 빈도분석하여 논벼의 수요량 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 이를 위하여 먼저 CGCM3.1 (Coupled Global Climate Model Ver. 3.1) 및 LARS-WG (Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator)를 이용하여 2011년부터 2100년까지의 A1B, A2 및 B1 시나리오별로 기상자료를 생성하였다. 이를 바탕으로 물수지 방법을 이용하여 논에서의 순용수량을 산정하고, 한발기준 10년빈도 순용수량을 산정하여 논벼의 수요량을 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 향후 기후변화로 인한 농업용수 변화를 파악하고 전망함으로써, 추후 발생할 수 있는 부정적 효과를 최소화하기 위한 대응 전략 및 농업수자원 정책의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2004

In this paper, a novel air-interface is presented for Fleet-Net1, a self-organizing network for inter-vehicle and vehicle-toroadsidecommunication. The air-interface is based upon the lowchip-rate version of UMTS/TDD. To adapt the cellular UMTS standard to an air-interface for ad hoc networks, changes of the physical layer, medium access control sub-layer and radio resource management are required. An overview of the required modifications is given here. Particularly, a decentralized synchronization mechanism is presented and analyzed by means of simulations. Furthermore, changes for the medium access control are explained in detail, which allow for an efficient operation in partly meshed networks and prioritization. Performance results of the overall system considering throughput and delay are derived by means of analytical evaluations and event-driven simulations. Based on realistic mobility models, it is shown that the presented solution provides a robust communication platform even in vehicular environments. The proposed air-interface is a cost-effective solution not only for inter-vehicle communication, but also for ad hoc networking in general, benefiting from the mass-market of UMTS.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2009

The increasing power and other demands on PWR fuel is leading to a demand for cladding that has low corrosion but that should also be robust with regard to mechanical behavior, impact of the irradiation environment and the coolant chemistry. The Optimized $ZIRLO^{TM}$ cladding is an evolutionary development of $ZIRLO^{TM}$ taking advantage of the long experience of the ZIRLO cladding but has significantly improved corrosion behavior. Recently, operation of Optimized ZIRLO to above 73 kWd/kgU has shown a reduction of the corrosion of almost 50%.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2012

This paper presents a tubular reciprocating translational motion permanent magnet synchronous motor for percussive drilling applications for offshore oil & gas industry. The motor model and rock model are built up by doing force analysis of the motor and analyzing the physical procesof impact. The optimization of input voltage waveforms to maximize the rate of penetration is done by simulations. The simulation results show that the motor can be utilized in percussive drilling applications and achieve a very large impact force. Simulation results for optimization also show that second harmonic input voltage produces a higher rate of penetration than the sine wave and fourth harmonic input voltages.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.8-23
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• 2005

Service attributes are important for customer perceptions of service quality. However, in spite of huge amount of research, the role of service attributes as satisfiers and dissatisfiers in service encounters is not understood well enough. An empirical investigation is conducted concerning a problem resolution service in the telecommunication industry. We use both qualitative and quantitative service performance data to describe and analyze how critical incidents can be used to identify and understand which service attributes are perceived as satisfiers and dissatisfiers. Our study reveals that there is a subset of critical incidents, so called critically critical incidents, which are perceived differently and are different in content compared to critical incidents. These incidents are extremely rich of information and have the possibility to reveal the real satisfiers and dissatisfiers in a service encounter.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to show the implications of the term "digital architecture," which are realized in the current architecture. To do this, I first observe its theoretical background and then analyze the works of Marcos Novak, Kas Oosterhuis, and Lars Spuybroek, all of whom are called the typical digital architects. In particular, this study tries to show that the digital architects are introducing the non-Euclidean multi-dimensions and the cyberspace and applying the notions of liquid architecture, transarchitecture, body-building, and body-building, and body-motorized system into their works. Finally, I conclude that the digital architecture anticipates the direction of the future architecture, in which the virtual world is merged with the real world, the digital space is realized in the real space, and the human is completely harmonized with nature.th nature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.403-407
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• 2020

To validate the technique of the single Heartstring aortotomy for multiple off-pump venous bypass grafts (described in 2015), the results of a 38-month follow-up study of 18 patients, including high-risk patients, are presented. No early deaths or cardiac or cerebral complications occurred. During the follow-up period, 2 patients died of non-cardiac causes, and 3 developed coronary ischemia. Ischemia occurred due to late graft occlusion in 2 patients, both of whom had normal postoperative courses and correct graft flow. The presence of acute symptoms 24 months after surgery in these patients indicated that technical graft failure was unlikely. This safe technique combines the advantages of simple and reproducible revascularization, the off-pump approach, and minimal aortic manipulation.