• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social networks and perceived self-competence. The subject were 350 third and sixth graders selected from a public elementary school in Seoul. The children were administered the Pattison Psychosocial Network Inventory and The Self Perception Profile for Children. Three major questions are addressed; l)age changes 2)sex differences, and 3) the relation between the characteristics of social networks and self-perceived competence. Data were analyzed by pearson's product moment correlation, one-way ANOVA. Proportion measures were also used since they had allowed for the observation of relationship between two subsets of people within given categories(e.g.,the number of relatives divided by the number of relatives plus nonrelatives). The effects of age and sex of child on the number and daily contact with kin, nankin, peers, adults, males, and females were found. Sixth graders had a larger number of adults than third graders. While children had a greater number of adults than peers, they had more contact with peers than with adults in their network. It was found that boys had greater number of people in their network than girls. And boys had a larger number of and more contact with males, and girls had a larger number of more contact with females. The structure of childrens' social networks structure were correlated with perceived self-competence.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.24
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• pp.62-83
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• 2011

The totality of language learning comprises three integrated components: linguistic, cultural, and attitudinal (Wilkes, 1983).Positively sensitizing students to cultural phenomena is urgent and crucial. A positive attitude toward L2 culture is a factor in language learning that leads to cross cultural understanding. This research examined, through a survey analysis, how three groups of students (one high school group and two university student groups) viewed the role of their foreign culture (i.e., American and British cultures) in achieving cultural understanding. The focus was upon how EFL learners approach the target language culture as well as their own culture.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-39
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• 2023

Recent research in usage-based Second Language Acquisition has provided new insights into second language (L2) learners' development of formulaic language (Wulff, 2019). The current study examines the use of phrase-frames, which are recurring sequences of words including one or more variable slots (e.g., it is * that), in written and oral production data from Asian learners of English across four proficiency levels (beginner, low-intermediate, high-intermediate, advanced) and native English speakers. The variability, predictability, and discourse functions of the most frequent 4-word phrase-frames from the written essay and spoken dialogue sub-corpora of the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE) were analyzed and then compared across groups and modes. The results revealed that while learners' phrase-frames in writing became more variable and unpredictable as proficiency increased, no clear developmental patterns were found in speaking, although all groups used more fixed and predictable phrase-frames than the reference group. Further, no developmental trajectories in the functions of the most frequent phrase-frames were found in both modes. Additionally, lower-level learners and the reference group used more variable phrase-frames in speaking, whereas advanced-level learners showed more variability in writing. This study contributes to a better understanding of the development of L2 phraseological competence.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of hyaluronidase during IVM on oocyte maturation, oxidative stress status, expression of cumulus expansion-related (PTX, pentraxin; GJA1, gap junction protein alpha 1; PTGS2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) and fatty acid metabolism-related (FADS1, delta-6 desaturase; FADS2, delta-5 desaturase; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha) mRNA, and embryonic development of porcine oocytes. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were incubated with 0.1 mg/mL hyaluronidase for 44 h. Cumulus expansion was measured at 22 h after maturation. At 44 h after maturation, nuclear maturation, intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. Gene expression in cumulus cells was analyzed using real time PCR. The cleavage rate and blastocyst formation were evaluated at Day 2 and 7 after insemination. In results, expansion of cumulus cells was suppressed by treatment of hyaluronidase at 22 h after maturation. Intracellular GSH level was reduced by hyaluronidase treatment (p < 0.05). On the other hand, hyaluronidase increased ROS levels in oocytes (p < 0.05). Only PTGS2 mRNA was enhanced in COCs by hyaluronidase (p < 0.05). Population of oocytes reached at metaphase II stage was higher in control group than hyaluronidase treated group (p < 0.05). Both of cleavage rate and blastocyst formation were higher in control group than hyaluronidase group (p < 0.05). Our present results showed that developmental competence of porcine oocytes could be reduce by hyaluronidase via inducing oxidative stress during maturation process and it might be associated with prostaglandin synthesis. Therefore, we suggest that suppression of cumulus expansion of COCs could induce oxidative stress and decrease nuclear maturation via reduction of GSH synthesis and it caused to decrease developmental competence of mammalian oocytes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2023

The efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) in pigs is low and requires enhancement. We identified the most efficient method for zona pellucida (ZP) removal and blastomere aggregation in pigs and investigated whether the aggregation of NT and parthenogenetic activation (PA) of blastomeres could reduce embryonic apoptosis and improve the quality of NT-derived embryos by investigating. Embryonic developmental competence after ZP removal using acid Tyrode's solution or protease (pronase E). The embryonic developmental potential of NT-derived blastomeres was also investigated using well-of-the-well or phytohemagglutinin-L. We analyzed apoptosis in aggregate-derived blastocysts. The aggregation rate of protease-treated embryos was lower than that of Tyrode's solution-treated embryos (69.2% vs. 88.3%). No significant difference was observed between phytohemagglutinin-L and well-of-the-well (35.7%-38.5%). However, 2P1N showed a higher number of blastocysts compared to 3N (73.8% vs. 24.3%) and an increased blastocyst diameter compared to the control and 1P2N (274 ㎛ vs. 230-234 ㎛). In blastomeres aggregated using phytohemagglutinin-L, the apoptotic cell ratio was significantly higher in 1P2N and 3N than in 3P (5.91%-6.46% vs. 2.94%, respectively). Our results indicate that aggregation of one NT embryo with two PA embryos improved the rate of blastocysts with increased blastocyst diameter.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.19
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• pp.411-444
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• 2010

This paper explored the academic socialization of a group of Mongolian college students, learning Korean as their L3 (Third Language), by focusing on their uses of an electronic communication channel. From a perspective of the continua of bi-literacy, this case study investigated how Mongolian students who had limited exposure to a Korean learning community overcame academic challenges through the use of a written communication channel as a tool in the socialization process. Data were collected mainly through three methods: written products, interviews, and questionnaires. The results from this study were as follows. Interactional opportunities for these minority students were seriously constrained during the classroom practices in a Korean-speaking classroom. They also described the lack of communicative competence in Korean and the limited roles played by L2 (English) communication as key barriers to classroom practices. However, students' ways of engaging in electronic interactions differed widely in that they were able to broaden interactional circles by communicating their expertise and difficulties with their Korean peers through the electronic channel. More importantly, the communication pattern of "L2-L2/L3-L3" (on a L2-L3 continuum) emerging from data demonstrated how these students used a written channel as a socialization tool to mediate their learning process in a new community of learning. This study argues that a written communication channel should be taken as an essential part of teaching practices especially for foreign students who cannot speak Korean fluently in multi-cultural classes.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

In this paper, we would like to show unexpected morphogenic potential of cell suspensions derived from seedling explants of Gentiana kurroo (Royle). Suspension cultures were established with the use of embryogenic callus derived from seedling explants (root, hypocotyl and cotyledons). Proembryogenic mass proliferated in liquid MS medium supplemented with $0.5mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-D and $1.0mg\;l^{-1}$ Kin. The highest growth coefficient was achieved for root derived cell suspensions. The microscopic analysis showed differences in aggregate structure depending on their size. To assess the embryogenic capability of the particular culture, 100 mg of cell aggregates was implanted on MS agar medium supplemented with Kin ($0.0-2.0mg\;l^{-1}$), $GA_3$ ($0.0-2.0mg\;l^{-1}$) and AS ($80.0mg\;l^{-1}$). The highest number of somatic embryos was obtained for cotyledon-derived cell suspension on $GA_3$-free medium, but the best morphological quality of embryos was observed in the presence of $0.5-1.0mg\;l^{-1}$ Kin, $0.5mg\;l^{-1}$ $GA_3$ and $80.0mg\;l^{-1}$ AS. The morphogenic competence of cultures also depended on the size of the aggregate fraction and was lower when size of aggregates decreased. Flow cytometry analysis reveled luck of uniformity of regenerants derived from hypocotyl suspension and 100% of uniformity for cotyledon suspension.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2020

There is a hot debate about what the core competencies of future generations, who have to live an uncertain future, should cultivate. The future society is expected to become a Software-oriented Society driven by software. Under these circumstances, interest in software education is exploding around the world, and interest in cultivating computational thinking through software education is also increasing. Also, discussions about what computational thinking is and what competence factors are made up are in progress. However, the research on the relationship between the competence factors of computational thinking is relatively insufficient. In order to solve this problem, this study proceeded as follows. First, five competence factors of computational thinking were selected. Second, we defined a path model to analyze the relationships among the competence factors of computational thinking. Third, we chose a test tool to test computational thinking. Fourth, the computational thinking tests were conducted for 801 students in grades 3 through 6 of elementary school. Fifth, implications were derived by analyzing various viewpoints based on the results of the computational thinking test.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.183-204
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• 2006

This study investigated the effects of rehearsed English drama activities on the learner variables and oral communication achievements of Korean elementary school students. Forty children in the treatment group participated in the drama activities while forty-two children in the contrast group participated in the regular classes. The results of the study are as follows: the treatment group showed significant differences between the pre-tests and the post-tests in language learning strategies, motivation, confidence, perceived competence, willingness to communicate, and listening and speaking achievements; the students in the treatment group progressed in their attitudes toward and participation in the classroom activities. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the rehearsed drama activities positively affect the learner variables and oral communication. The pedagogical implications are discussed in the conclusion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.827-834
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of $36.5^{\circ}C$ and $38.5^{\circ}C$ incubation temperatures on the maturation of bovine oocytes and developmental competence of embryos. Methods: In experiment 1, oocytes were maturated in bicarbonate-buffered TCM-199 for 22 hours in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ in the air at either $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $38.5^{\circ}C$ and nuclear maturation status were determined. In experiment 2, in vitro fertilized oocytes were allocated randomly into synthetic oviductal fluid medium with or without a mixture of 1 mM L-glutathione reduced and 1,500 IU superoxide dismutase and cultured in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, and 90% $N_2$ in the air at $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. Results: There were no significant differences between incubation temperatures in terms of oocyte maturation parameters such as cumulus expansion, first polar body extrusion and nuclear maturation. Incubation temperatures during in vitro maturation had no effects on developmental competence of embryos, but supplementation of antioxidants increased (p<0.05) developmental competence of the embryos. Blastocysts from oocytes matured at $38.5^{\circ}C$ had comparatively higher inner cell mass, but low overall and trophectoderm cell numbers (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of present study showed that maturation of bovine oocytes at $36.5^{\circ}C$ may provide a suitable thermal environment for nuclear maturation and subsequent embryo development.