• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.306-312
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• 1986

Color changes of a mixture of 0.8 M glucose, fructose or sucrose and 0.8 M glycine were evaluated by Hunter 'L', 'a', 'b' values during Maillard reaction at the temperature range of $70^{\circ}-100^{\circ}C$. The results suggested the reaction to be devided into three stages. In initial reaction the 'L' and 'a' values decreased slowely, and 'b' rapidly increased to maximum, which were followed by a rapid decrease in 'L' and 'b' and rapid increase in 'a' values at intermediate stage. At final reaction period the both 'L' and 'b' were slowed down in their reduction rate while 'a' decreased rapidly from its maximum point. All of the Hunter values were reached to nea. zero. Linear equations, which can be used for prediction of cole. change in Maillared reaction, of $1/\sqrt{(L_t-L_{\circ})^2\;+\;(a_t-a_{\circ})^2\;+\;(b_t-b_{\circ})^2}\;=\;a(1/t)\;+\;b$ for Hunter values and $1/\sqrt{X\;+\;Y\;+Z}\;=\;a(1/t)\;+\;b$ for CIE tristimulus values were found to have a very high correlation coefficient. Relationships between 'L' and 'a', 'L' and 'b' and 'a' and 'b' were also graphcally compared.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.664-667
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• 2001

A flat-type L$_1$-B$_{8}$ Mode Ultrasonic motor(USM) uses longitudinal-bending multi-mode vibrator which is constructed with the metal-piezoceramic composite thin plate vibrator. Especially, the characteristics of vibrating displacement of the vibrator are important for the fabrication of USM. So, in this study, we tried to analyze them by the FEM(finite element method) simulation program. ANSYS 5.6 we used is a finite element software enabling the analysis of 2 or 3 dimensional structure of piezoelectric materials. Using this made us analyzing the resonance frequency and calculating displacement of vibrator and then the position of the projection.n.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.413-424
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• 1991

The optimal condition for manufacturing the yoghurt by using B. bifidum and L. acidophilus was studied. Optimal growth condition of B. bifidum and fermentation effects of B. bifidum, L. acidophilus and Str. thermophilus in mixed culture were investigated separately. Fermentation conditions of B. bifidum were optimized in 12% reconstitued skim milk. The addition of BIOS 2000 to 12% skimmilk was effective on the growth and acid production of B. bifidum. There was asymbiosis among B. bifidum, L. acidophilus and Str. thermophilus in mixed culture which resulted in higher viable cell numbers and acid production. The optimum production of yoghurt was achieved by incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours with 5% mixed starter culture (B. bifidum+L.acidophilus+Str. thermophilus). In this case the effective ratio of B. bifidum: L. acidophilus: Str. thermophilus was 2:1:1 on both acid production and viable cell counts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.414-417
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• 2001

Recently, developments of device using characteristics of ceramics as a new technical material is in progress. While doing so, Ultrasonic motor which is a part of research & development of piezo-actuator by piezo-effects is being used in the various applications. So, we fabricated a flat-type $L_{1}-B_{8}$ mode Ultrasonic motor and measured the operation characteristics of its. The size of USM is 80*20*1.5[$mm^{3}$](length*width*thickness) and is constructed with stator by piezo-ceramics and stainless elastic body and rotator by bearings. As results of experiments, the fastest speed of revolution(v), the maximum torque(T) and the efficiency( $\eta$ ) were 37.5[cm/sec], 5.0[ $mN{\cdot}m$ ] and 1.17[%] respectively when 27.9[kHz], 150[gf], 50[V] were applied. So, we think this $flat-type_{1}-B_{8}$ mode Ultrasonic motor is able to be used for applications in forwarding device of a paper or electric card and so on.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.19-23
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• 2002

본 장에서는 H.26L 비디오 코덱에 적용되는 움직임 보상 기법(motion compensation) 및 B 픽쳐(Bi-predictive picture) 에 대해 다루기로 한다. 먼저 H.26L 비디오 코덱이 H.263 또는 MPEG-4 Part 2와 같은 종래 비디오 코덱들과 움직임 보상 관점에서 다른 점을 살펴보면, 복수개의 레퍼런스 픽쳐(multiple reference picture) 로부터 움직임 추정 (motion estimation) 밀 움직임 보상을 수행하고, 16x16 매크로 블록 크기부터 16x8, 8x16, 8x8블록 크기에서 매크로 블록 모드 타입이 결정되고 8x8 모드는 다시 8x4, 4x8, 4x4 단위에서 서브 모드 타입이 결정된다. 따라서 한 개의 매크로블록은 최대 16개의 모션벡터를 깆을 수 있다. 또한 복수개의 레퍼런스 픽쳐와 다양한 블록 타입을 적용함에 따라 모션벡터 예측(PMV: prediction of motion vector) 은 현재 블록과 이웃하는 블록들 사이의 레퍼런스 픽쳐 인덱스 비교 및 현재 블록 타입이 16x8또는 8x16 일 때 방향성 예측을 허용하는 새로운 기법들이 소개되어 있다. 그리고 코딩 효율을 높이기 위한 방법으로서 1/4 pel 단위의 움직임 보상을 하여 블록의 예측 정확도를 높이도록 하고 있다. 한편, H.26L에서의 B 픽쳐는 종래 비디오 코덱에 비해 확장된 정의를 갖고 있다. 예를 들어, 종래의 비디오 코덱에서는 B 픽쳐가 시간 스케일러빌러티(temporal scalability)에 사용됨에 따라 레퍼런스 픽쳐로서 사용될 수 없지만, H.26L은 B 픽쳐가 레퍼런스 픽쳐로서 사용되는 것을 허용하고 있다. 또한 종래의 B 픽쳐가 양방향에서 움직임 보상을 한 것과 달리 H.26L은 동일 방향에 존재하는 두개의 레퍼런스 픽쳐에서도 움직임 보상을 허용한다.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 1997

The complex [Ni(L)]I2 (1) (L:3,5,10,12-Tetramethly-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) has been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction methods. The complex 1 crystallized in the orthorhombic system, space group Pcab with cell parameters a=13.293(1) Å, b=28.550(7) Å, c=10.804(1) Å, z=8. Least-squares refinement of 1 led to a R(Rw) factor of 0.043 (0.046) for 1851 observed reflections of Fo>3o (Fo). The crystal structure of 1 has a slightly distorted square-planar geometry and adopts the trans-III conformation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.356-359
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• 2003

This paper deals with a flat type ultrasonic motor, which uses a longitudinal-bending multi mode vibrator of rectangular form. This ultrasonic motor was designed by combination of the first longitudinal and eighth bending mode, and the motor consisted of a straight aluminum alloy bar bonded with piezoelectric ceramic elements as a driving element. The geometrical dimensions of the rectangular aluminum vibrator were determined by Euler-Bernoulli theory In the experimental device, piezoelectric ceramics ( a piece of ceramic for the L-mode, $24\;{\times}\;8\;{\times}\;1[mm]$, and four pieces for the B-mode, $12.5\;{\times}\;8\;{\times}\;1[mm]$) were attached to one side of a aluminum plate($100\;{\times}\;8\;{\times}\;1[mm]$), and the stator was supported with a plastic case. As results, no-load rpm was 50[rev./m] when applied voltage was 150[Vrms] at the resonance frequency, and as the voltage was increased, the rpm was increased.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the serotype, and antimicrobial susceptibility and analyze the plasmid profile for the 145 isolates of L. monocytogenes isolated from livestock products and these product processing plants in Gyeongnam, Korea. All of L. monocytogenes strains belonged to serotype 1/2b (57.9%), 1/2a (20.0%), 4b (11.4%), 1/2c, 3b, 4c (each 2.9%) and 4d (0.7%). Serotype 1/2b, 1/2a, 4b from each source were found predominantly. Serotype 1/2b was predominantly higher than other serotype, and there was no significant difference between serotypes isolated from livestock products and product processing plants. 4b was major serotype isolated from raw milk and pork, and serotypes isolated from beef, chickens and slaughterhouse were 1/2b and 1/2a. The susceptibility of 145 strains of L. monocytogenes to 14 antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human therapy was determined by disk diffusion method. All of L. monocytogenes strains were susceptible to amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin and penicillin. L. monocytogenes strains had the highest resistance with colistin (100%), oxytetracycline (44.8%), tetracycline (43.4%) followed by erythromycin (2.8%), spectinomycin (1.4%) and streptomycin (0.7%). Tetracycline resistance, and serotype distribution of the isolates from sample sources were significantly different. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was observed in all of them and 7 different resistant profiles were recorded. The most common resistance pattern were CL-OTC-TC (colistin-oxytetracycline-tetracycline) (42.8%). Among all tested isolates, two different plasmid profiles were observed. Of the 97 examined strains, 14 (14.4%) contained either the 8 and 11 kb plasmid or the 11 kb.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.239-246
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to propose and assess a shade guide for pink gingival aesthetics using a Spanish population sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The $L^*$, $C^*$, h, $a^*$ and $b^*$ coordinates of 259 participants were measured using a spectrophotometer in 3 standardized points along the attached gingiva of the maxillary central incisors. A hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to obtain separate solutions regarding the number of shade tabs. For each of the solutions obtained, color differences (${\Delta}E^*$) were calculated using the CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas, and the proposed shade guide was selected considering (1) the color differences between tabs and (2) the coverage error of each of the solutions. RESULTS. The proposed shade guide consisted of 8 gingival shade tabs and achieved CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors of less than the respective 50:50% acceptability thresholds (${\Delta}E^*=4.6$ units and ${\Delta}E_{00}=4.1$). The coordinates for the various gingival shade tabs were as follows: Tab 1: $L^*43.3$, $a^*21.9$, $b^*12.3$ (1.6); Tab 2: $L^*42.9$, $a^*34.1$, $b^*19.1$; Tab 3: $L^*46.5$, $a^*25.8$, $b^*10.9$; Tab 4: $L^*46.5$, $a^*27.3$, $b^*15.1$; Tab 5: $L^*49.6$, $a^*23.5$, $b^*16.8$; Tab 6: $L^*51.5$, $a^*19.7$, $b^*13.6$; Tab 7: $L^*55.9$, $a^*22.0$, $b^*15.0$; and Tab 8: $L^*56.0$, $a^*19.9$, $b^*18.8$. CONCLUSION. The CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors for the 8 shade tabs of the proposed gingival shade guide were significantly lower than those of other guides. Therefore, despite the limitations of this study, the proposed guide is more appropriate for matching gingival shade in the Spanish general population.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1415-1421
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an L-arginine supplementation and regular exercise training on NF-${\kappa}B$, TNF-${\alpha}$, iNOS, Cav-1, eNOS and Ang II in the aortas of D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging rats. The male Strague-Dawley rats were treated with a D-galactose aging inducing agent; the D-gal injection (50 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally for 12 wk. Experimental groups were divided into five groups: (1) Young control group (Y-Con, n=8), (2) Aging control group (A-Con, n=8), (3) Aging exercise group (A-Ex, n=8), (4) Aging exercise group with L-arginine supplementation group (A-Ex+A, n=8), and (5) Aging with L-arginine supplementation group (A-A, n=8). The exercise consisted of running on a treadmill for 60 min/day at 20 m/min for 6 day/wk, at 0% gradient for 12 wk. The L-arginine supplementation was given orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day for 12 wk. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. NF-${\kappa}B$, TNF-${\alpha}$, iNOS, Cav-1 and Ang II proteins in the aortas of D-gal induced rats were significantly increased, however, L-arginine supplementation and regular exercise resulted in a significant inhibition in the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$, TNF-${\alpha}$, iNOS, Cav-1 and Ang II proteins. 2. eNOS protein in the aortas of D-gal induced rats was significantly decreased, however, L-arginine supplementation and regular exercise resulted in a significant increase in the expression of eNOS proteins. In conclusion, the findings of the present study reveal that L-arginine supplementation alone or regular exercise alone or in combination with L-arginine supplementation for 12 wk increases anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing NF-${\kappa}B$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and iNOS protein expressions within the aortic tissue. In addition, L-arginine supplementation alone or regular exercise alone or in combination with L-arginine supplementation may prevent endothelial function by up-regulation of eNOS protein in the aortas of D-gal induced aging rats.