• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.14
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• pp.91-113
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• 2013

Cheongpung Buwongun Kim Wu-myeong's Funeral Bier, an important folklore cultural property No.120, possessed by Chuncheon National Museum was donated in 2002 (by Kim Seonggu). It consists of a bier, yoyeo(腰輿), myeongjeongdae(銘旌臺), and manjangdae(輓章臺). It has a high value as the oldest royal bier. The bier which had a resting time in the storage for special exhibition of "The great cultural treasure of Gangwon province" was inspected in September 2012 and colored pigment layer of the wooden part had the risk of peeling off and surface damage of the textile was serious. Therefore, conservation treatment was conducted. In addition, knots and susiks(垂飾) were severely damaged and their exhibition was impossible. Therefore, a reproduction to replace them through a close investigation was made. All parts of the funeral bier were in separation except for the basic furniture. Conservation was made by dividing the parts into wooden parts and textile parts. Yoyeo was reinforced after disassembling bujae from it and then was reassembled. Paraloid B-72 2 wt% (in ethyle acetate), acrylic resin, was applied to the wooden part of the bier in order to reinforce the colored pigment layer with the addition of sodium alginate 2 wt%(in stilled water) and glue 4 wt%(in stilled water). The pollutants on the surface of the textile part were removed (vacuuming) and its creases were smoothed out (steaming). Fat-soluble pollutants were removed using an nonionic surfactant(Saponin, concentration at 0.25 to 0.5 g/𝑙, in de-ionized water). After the disassembly of the yoyeo from the broken wooden, it was bonded with glue (3 wt% for the first gluing, 35 wt% for gluing), and pine wood was used to restore missing parts. In the process of connecting Wongak(雲角), the original metal hinge and nails were reused to complete the assembly.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2000

Purpose: Thallium behaves similarly to potassium in vivo. Potassium channel opener (K-opener) opens ATP-sensitive $K^+$-channel located at cell membrane, resulting in potassium efflux from cytosol. We have previously reported that K-opener can alter biokinetics of Tl-201 in cultured cells and in vivo. Malignant tumor cells have high Na-K ATPase activity due to increased metabolic activities and dedifferentiation, and differential delineation of malignant tumor can be possible with Tl-201 imaging. K-opener may affect tumoral uptake of Tl-201 in vivo. To investigate the effects of pinacidil (one of the potent K-openers) on the localization of the tumor with Tl-201 chloride, we evaluated the changes in biodistribution of Tl-201 with pinacidil treatment in tumor-bearing mice. Materials and Methods: Baltic mice received subcutaneous implantation of murine breast cancer cells in the thigh and were used for biodistribution study 3 weeks later. $100{\mu}g$ of pinacidil dissolved in $200{\mu}l$ DMSO/PBS solution was injected intravenously via tail vein at 10 min after 185 KBq ($5{\mu}Ci$) Tl-201 injection. Percentage organ uptake and whole body retention ratio of Tl-201 were measured at various periods after injection, and values were compared between control and pinacidil-treated mice. Results: Pinacidil treatment resulted in mild decrease in blood levels of Tl-201, but renal uptakes were markedly decreased at 30-min, 1- and 2-hour, compared to control group. Hepatic, intestinal and muscular uptake were not different. Absolute percentage uptake and tumor to blood ratios of Tl-201 were lower in pinacidil treated mice than in the control group at all time points measured. Whole body retention ratio of Tl-201 was lower in pinacidil treated mice ($58{\pm}4%$ ), than in the control group ($67{\pm}3%$) at 24 hours after with injection of $100{\mu}g$ pinacidil. Conclusion: K-opener did not enhance, but rather decreased absolute tumoral uptake and tumor-to-blood ratios of Tl-201. Decreased whole body retention ratio and renal uptake were observed with pinacidil treatment in tumor-bearing mice.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.667-682
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• 2014

The effects of liquid pig manure (LM) on the yield and quality of rice as well as soil chemical properties were determined in the field of sandy loam soil under the different fertilizer management. Treatments consisted of 100%, 130% and 160% N application rates of liquid manure as calculated on the basis of the recommended rate of nitrogen (9 kg N/10a) for rice cultivation. Chemical fertilizer (CF) was used as control. Concentrations of T-N and T-P in paddy water were measured by 5-day intervals up to 20days after application. LM treatments significantly increased T-N concentrations in paddy water proportionally with increasing rates of LM (13.2 to 25.7 mg/L). Similarly Total-P content in paddy water was increased right after LM applications but was well below the quality standard of wastewater and manure. Plant height and tillers in 100% and 130% N LM treatments were lower than those in CF control. In the 160% LM treatment, however, plant height and numbers of tillers were higher than those in the CF control. Yields in 100% LM and 160% LM plots were decreased by 3 and 5%, respectively, as compared with 422 kg per 10a in the CF plot. Rice protein contents were similar between 100% LM and CF control (about 6.8%) but it was increased to 7.2% and 7.7% in 130% LM and 160% LM treatments, respectively. Toyo-taste value in the 100% LM treatment was higher than in CF control plot. The proportions of perfect grain of the brown rice were lower in 130% LM and 160% LM treatments than that in CF control. Soil organic matter content, heavy metal and exchangeable cations were highest in the 160% LM plot. Thus considering yield and quality of rice and heavy metals contents in soil, 130% N basal application of liquid manure can be recommended for rice cultivation in this experiment.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 1988

In order to set up a predictive model for an effective spat collection of ark shells, Anadara broughtonii, the survival rate and the time required for each developmental stage of planktonic larvae were investigated during the period from July 1 to October 30 in 1974, in one of the main ark shell seed collection areas, Chinhae Bay, in the southern part of Korea. The advent of D-shaped larvae ca. $94.3{\times}72.7{\mu}m$ long had three peaks during the surveyed period: August 25, August 31 and September 9, umbo-shaped larvae ca. $141.6{\times}108.4{\mu}m$ and full grown larvae ca. $269.3{\times}221.7{\mu}m$ long also showed three peaks: September 6, September 12 and September 20 for the former, and September 20, September 25 and October 5 for the latter, respectively. About 11 to 12 days was required for D-shaped larvae to develop to umbo-shaped stage. At this intermorphological stage, the daily survival rate was 0.93 with a total survival rate of 45% for the stage. The time required for umbo-shaped larvae to develop to full grown larvae varied from 13 to 15 days with a daily survival rate of 0.93 and with a total survival rate of 36% in the period. Twenty-five to twenty-six days were required for each peak group of the D-shaped larvae to reach a full grown stage, and their total survival rate was 16% during this developmental stage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.384-389
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• 2014

The objective of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition of anthocyanin-enriched extract of radiation-induced blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) mutant (${\gamma}$-B201) as well as the protective effect of ${\gamma}$-B201 against oxidative stress in vitro. The cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, and DNA damage were assessed by WST-1 assay, flow cytometry, and comet assay, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were determined by using a commercial kit. The in vitro results showed that ${\gamma}$-B201 increased the cell viability, reduction of lactate dehydrogenase release, and intracellular ROS scavenging capacity in hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-treated HepG2 cells. Furthermore, treatment with ${\gamma}$-B201 attenuated DNA damage in $H_2O_2$-treated HepG2 cells and treatment with ${\gamma}$-B201 restored the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in $H_2O_2$-treated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the present study suggests that ${\gamma}$-B201 blackberry extract can exert a significant cytoprotective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced cell damage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.274-279
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• 2018

To evaluate the antioxidant activities of Korean and Chinese Torreya seeds, their total phenolic compound content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical and ONOO-scavenging activities were compared using their water and methanol extracts. The effective compounds were identified and quantitatively analyzed by GC-MS. The DPPH and ONOO-scavenging activities were the highest in the Korean Torreya seeds. After using GC-MS to identify the active compounds, a total of eight compounds were identified in Korean Torreya seeds, and five compounds were found in Chinese Torreya seeds. In conclusion, we could confirm the antioxidant activity and the difference between active compounds of the Korean and Chinese Torreya seeds; we also confirmed the superiority of Korean Torreya seeds. Futhermore, this basic data about the Korean and Chinese Torreya seeds can be provided to consumers, so that they can select proper and suitable functional foods.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.195-205
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• 2016

Sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, causes serious economic losses worldwide in Brassicaceae crops. In 2011, this nematode was first found in highland vegetable cultivation areas in Korea, and thereafter spread to the surrounding healthy Chinese cabbage fields. However, little has been documented on the biological and ecological characteristics of the sugar beet nematode in highland vegetable cultivation areas. In this study the dispersal of the sugar beet cyst nematode was examined, focusing on spreading through soil and/or water infested with the nematode. When farmers with work boots trampled on Chinese cabbage fields for 10 minutes, the number of cysts recovered from the soil attached to the working differed depending on the research sites. Under irrigation conditions of 2, 4, and 8 liters of water per $m^2$, the amounts of soils attached on the bottom of the work boots and the number of healthy cysts in the soils increased significantly with the increase in soil moisture, although the total number of cysts, eggs, and juveniles did not increase significantly. After driving on the farm road adjacent to cabbage fields infested with the sugar beet cyst nematode, cysts were also recovered from the soil attached to the vehicle's tires, suggesting that the sugar beet cyst nematode can spread to new fields through soil carried by vehicles and by farmers. An excavator and a motor truck could deliver 41 kg and 224 g, respectively, of soil on the shovel shoes and the wheels to other locations during the Chinese cabbage harvest, suggesting that farming equipment and transportation vehicles may be vital means by which the cyst nematode spreads to non-infested fields in the highland area of Korea. Runoff water also contained cysts, whose amounts increased after water irrigation onto the ridges to simulate rainy conditions, with no significant difference in the number of cysts with increasing amounts of irrigation water. All of these results confirmed that the sugar beet cyst nematode spreads through soil attached to work boots, harvesting tools, and transportation vehicles, especially during the harvest time, and through runoff water on rainy days. These observations suggest that personal sanitization and cleaning of working tools and vehicles are one of the most important means to prevent the dispersal of the sugar beet cyst nematode in fields.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.463-468
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maturity scores [2 (bull), 2 (steer), 3-9 (cow)] and the number of extractions (up to 4 times) on the chemical properties of water extract from Hanwoo shank bones (arm, fore shank, round and hind shank). The turbidity, meat color (CIE L value), collagen, protein, caloric and chondroitin sulfate contents of samples were observed. The turbidity and lightness were higher for water extract of Hanwoo shank bones with a maturity score of 2 (bull and steer) than maturity scores of 3-9 (cow) (p<0.05). The turbidity and lightness of water extract from shank bones of all Hanwoo maturity scores significantly increased with the 1st and 2nd extractions, but significantly decreased with 3rd and 4th extractions (p<0.05). The collagen and protein contents were highest for water extract from Hanwoo shank bones of maturity score 2 (bull and steer) (p<0.05). The caloric and chondroitin sulfate contents were higher for water extract from Hanwoo shank bones of maturity score 2 (bull and steer) than maturity scores of 3-9 (cow) (p<0.05). As the number of extractions increased, the chondroitin sulfate content significantly decreased (p<0.05). Based on these results, differences correlating with maturity scores were found only with collagen and protein contents. Therefore, further studies should be considered to address whether different maturity scores affect the price of shank bones in the meat industry.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2016

The measurement of total fresh weight of plants provides an essential indicator of crop growth for monitoring production. To measure fresh weight without damaging the vegetation, image-based methods have been developed, but they have limitations. In addition, the total plant fresh weight is difficult to measure directly in hydroponic cultivation systems because of the amount of nutrient solution. This study aimed to develop a real-time, precise method to measure the total fresh weight of Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Asia Heuk Romaine) with growth stage in a plant factory using a nutrient film technique. The total weight of the channel, amount of residual nutrient solution in the channel, and fresh shoot and root weights of the plants were measured every 7 days after transplanting. The initial weight of the channel during nutrient solution supply (Wi) and its weight change per second just after the nutrient solution supply stopped were also measured. When no more draining occurred, the final weight of the channel (Ws) and the amount of residual nutrient solution in the channel were measured. The time constant (${\tau}$) was calculated by considering the transient values of Wi and Ws. The relationship of Wi, Ws, ${\tau}$, and fresh weight was quantitatively analyzed. After the nutrient solution supply stopped, the change in the channel weight exponentially decreased. The nutrient solution in the channel slowly drained as the root weight in the channel increased. Large differences were observed between the actual fresh weight of the plant and the predicted value because the channel included residual nutrient solution. These differences were difficult to predict with growth stage but a model with the time constant showed the highest accuracy. The real-time fresh weight could be calculated from Wi, Ws, and ${\tau}$ with growth stage.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.488-494
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• 1999

Hydrolytic peptides of salted and fermented anchovy sauce, and anchovy actomyosin for the development of a rapid fermentation method with conventional tastes and flavors were studied. The optimal temperatures of crude enzymes isolated from anchor, liver and viscera of squid were 55, 40$\~$45 and $45\~60^{\circ}C$, respectively. Crude enzyme isolated from anchovy was more effective on hydrolysis of anchovy actomyosin than that from squid liver and viscera. But the crude enzyme from squid liver was less effective on NaCl than that from anchovy. Three peptides occurred in anchovy actomyosin hydrolyzed with crude enzymes from anchovy and squid liver for 30 min. Their molecular weight were determined by Superdex 200 gel chromatography as 10,800, 5,800 and 2,600 dalton. When anchovy sauce was hydrolyzed with crude enzymes of anchovy, squid liver and viscera, and Protamex during 70 days, ranges of their low molecular weight of hydrolyzed peptides were 300$\~$1,000dalton detected by Sephadex G-50 and their major amino acid compositions were glutamic acid, glycine and alanine, which was related with conventional tastes. Those amino acid compositions were similar to those of anchovy sauce hydrolyzed with squid liver, In the case of Protamex treatment, hydrolyzed peptides had high levels of isoleucine and leucine, being associated with the bitter, but a low level of glutamic acid.