• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2016

Bacterial decarboxylation of amino acids in food leads to the production of biogenic amines, which can cause reactions in human that include headaches, nausea, palpitations, chills, and severe respiratory distress. The amine putrescine is an especially effective inhibitor of metabolizing enzymes and amplifies histamine intoxication and tyramine poisoning. Using an L-ornithine decarboxylating medium, we isolated 14 putrescine-producing bacteria from sand lance, Ammodytes personatus, sauces. The isolates were identified, using an API kit and 16S rRNA analysis, as Lysinibacillus fusiformis (1 strain), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (6 strains), Lysinibacillus macroides (1 strain), Lysinibacillus sphaericus (3 strains), Bacillus fusiformis (1 strain), Paenibacillus favisporus (1 strain), and Staphylococcus caprae (1 strain). These strains produced between 1.66 to 236.97 μg/mL of putrescine after 48 h incubation. Lysinibacillus spp. were the dominant putrescine-producing bacteria in sand lance sauces, which produced 236.97 μg/mL of putrescine from a culture broth containing 0.5% L-ornithine. This is the first report on the isolation and identification of putrescine-producing bacteria from sand lance sauces.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2008

Water extract from Prunella vulgaris L. (PVW) was tested for colon cancer chemopreventive activity by measuring the activities of cytochrome P450 1A1, phase Ⅱ detoxification enzyme [quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and glutathione (GSH) levels in cultured human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. PVW significantly inhibited 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 activity at 10 and 50 ${\mu}g/ml$. PVW induced QR activity in a dose-dependent manner over a concentration range of $1{\sim}50\;{\mu}g/ml$. GST activity was also induced with the treatment of PVW in HT-29 cells. In addition GSH levels were increased with PVW. PVW inhibited ODC activity, a key enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, which is enhanced in tumor promotion. These results suggest that Prunella vulgaris L. has colon cancer chemopreventive activity by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A1 and ODC activities and by increasing phase Ⅱ enzyme activity and GSH levels.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2015

A non-protein amino acid, L-ornithine (Orn), has been shown to stimulate the urea cycle and tissue protein synthesis in the liver. The purpose of the current study was to assess whether Orn affects the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, which is involved in protein synthesis. Primary cultured cells isolated from Wistar rat liver were incubated in an amino acid-free medium, followed by addition of Orn for 3 h. The cell lysate was subjected to immunoblotting to evaluate the phosphorylation of downstream targets of mTORC1, including p70S6K, S6, and 4EBP1. To assess the involvement of mTORC1 for the effect of Orn, the cells were pretreated with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin before the addition of Orn and the cell lysate was subjected to immunoblotting. We next examined whether the effects of Orn were exerted in vivo. Orn was orally administered to 18 h food-deprived rats, the blood and the livers were collected at 1 and 3 h after administration for immunoblotting. Orn treatment for primary cultured cells for 3 h enhanced the phosphorylation of p70S6K, S6, and 4EBP1. In addition, rapamycin blocked the effects of Orn completely (p70S6K and S6) or partially (4EBP1). The oral administration of Orn to the rat also augmented the phosphorylation of mTORC1 downstream targets notably in S6 at 1 h. Our findings demonstrate that Orn has the potential to induce the phosphorylation of downstream targets of mTORC1 in the rat liver. This may be mediated by the augmentation of mTORC1 activity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.425-428
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• 2011

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is well known as the most common inherited disorder of the urea cycle, and 1 of the most common causes of hyperammonemia in newborns. We experienced a case of a 3-day-old boy with OTC deficiency who appeared healthy in the first 2 days of life but developed lethargy and seizure soon afterwards. His serum ammonia level was measured as > $1,700{\mu}g/dL$ (range, 0 to $45{\mu}g/dL$). Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the mode of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration was immediately applied to correct the raised ammonia level. No seizure occurred after the elevated ammonia level was reduced. Therefore, CRRT should be included as 1 of the treatment modalities for newborns with inborn errors of metabolism, especially hyperammonemia. Here, we report 1 case of successful treatment of hyperammonemia by CRRT in a neonate with OTC deficiency.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1979

단백질을 함유하지 않은 식이를 5일간 먹인 쥐에게 동량으로 혼합된 필수 아미노산 혼합물(amino acid mixture)을 투여 하여 ornithine $\delta$-transamiaase(OT)를 유도(induction)한 군과 또한 amino acid mixture를 먹인 후 $6{\sim}9 \;1/2$시간 후에 glucose를 동시에 먹인 군에서 OT의 유도 기전을 보기 위하여 방사성 동위원소인 L-methionine-$CH_{3}-C^{14}$ 또는 L-Phenylalanine-$H^{3}$(uniformly labelled) 을 사용하여 유도전 OT를 pulse label하여 준비된 항체로 각각 유리 분리시켜서 방사능을 측정하였다. Amino acid mixture만을 투여한 군에서는zero time에 비해 OT활성은 6시간 후에 1.5배, 12시간 후에는 약 3배, 18시간 후에는 13배가 증가되었다. 또한 OT에 incorporate된 표지 아미노산의 방사능은 6시간 후에 1.5배, 12시간 후에 약 3배가 증가 되었을을 보였다. 그러나 이 기간동안 간장의 total soluble protein에 incorporate된 표지 아미노산의 방사능은 거의 증가하지 않았다. 그러므로, amino acid mixture에 의한 OT의 증가는 고유하게 유도되었으며 이때의 관성의 증가는 OT 단백질의 분해률의 감소에 의한 것이 아니라 순수하게 OT 단백질의 생합성에 의찬 증거라고 볼 수 있다. amino acid mixture를 투여한지 6시간 후에 glucose 용액을 동시에 먹인 쥐에서는 OT 활성은 증가를 하였으나 amino acid mixture만을 먹인 군보다는 약간 감소를 보였다. 또한 glucosedp이 투여된 후에는 OT에 표지 아미노산이 더 이상 incorporate되지는 않아 방사능의 증가는 보이지 않았으나 glucose가 투석될 당시보다 더 이상 감소되지는 않았다. 그러므로 glucose에 의한 유도에 대한 억제 (repression)는 단백질의 분해률의 증가에서 온 것이라기 보다는 OT 단백질의 생합성을 억제하여서 $OT_{1}$활성을 감소하지 않았는가 본다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2007

Ethanol extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza (SME) was tested for breast cancer chemoprevention and metastasis by measuring the activites of cytochrome P45O 1A1, aromatase, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. SME significantly inhibited cytochrome P45O 1A1-mediated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in a dose-dependent manner in a concentration range of 100${\sim}$l,200 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p<0.01). Microsomal aromatase (estrogen synthase) activity was suppressed 54.9%${\sim}$77.5% by the SME at concentration of 600${\sim}$l,200 ${\mu}g/ml$. ODC activity induced by 12-O-tet-radecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was significantly reduced by the SME 900 and 1,200 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p<0.05) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In addition, SME (900 and 1,200 ${\mu}g/ml$) markedly inhibited MMP-9 activity, a key role in cancer metastasis. Therefore, SME is worth further investigation with respect to breast cancer chemoprevention or therapy.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.115-125
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• 1993

Euglena gracilis 에서 arginine deiminas는 mitochondrial matrix 내에 존재한다. 고도로 정제된 효소가 0.23 nM의 $K_m$ 값을 갖고 효소반응을 하기 위해서는 $Co^{2+}$가 필요하며, 이때 최적 pH는 9.3~10.3이었다. Gel filtration에 의해서 얻어진 조효소 단백질의 분자량은 87,000이었으며, SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis에 의해 효소는 48,000의 분자량을 갖는 2개의 동일한 subunit로 구성되어 있음이 밝혀졌다. Euglena의 arginine deiminas는 sulfhydryl inhibitors에 의해서 활성이 저지되었는데, 이는 sulfhydryl group이 효소의 활성부위에 관여함을 나타낸다. 이 sulfhydryl group은 arginine이 효소와 결합하는데 있어서 negative cooperativity를 나타내었다. ${\beta}-guanidinopropionate$, ${\gamma}-guanidinobutyrate$와 guanidinosuccinate는 효소의 활성을 저지시키지 않는데 반하여, $L-^{\alpha}-amino-{\beta}-guanidino-propionate$, D-arginine, 그리고 L-homoarginine은 효소의 활성을 강력하게 저지시켰다. Citrulline과 ornithine에 의해서도 상당한 정도의 효소활성저지가 관찰되었다. 우리는 Euglena의 arginine deiminase의 독특한 성질이 Euglena 라는 원생동물 내에서 arginine 대사의 조절에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 토의하고자 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2009

The nutritional significance of essential amino acids, as well as non-essential amino acids, is well documented in poultry production with regards to growth performance and protein accretion. However, the function of amino acids in the stress response is still unclear. L-Pipecolic acid, a L-lysine metabolite in the brain, induced a hypnotic and sedative effect acting via the ${\gamma}$- aminobutyric acid receptors. L-Arginine also induced a sedative effect via its metabolism to L-ornithine. In addition, three-carbon nonessential amino acids like L-alanine, L-serine and L-cysteine also induced sedative effects. These facts suggest that the requirement for amino acids in both essential and non-essential types may require reconsideration to add the concept of stress amelioration in the future.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1993

Effects of polyamines on DNA synthesis were studied in synchronized culture of Nicotiana tabacum L. When DFMO and DFMA, inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase, respectively were initially applied to the cells, the polyamine contents were rapidly dropped and [methyl-3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA was markedly reduced during the early stage of culture period. Inhibition of DNA synthesis, however, was partially reversed when these inhibitors were applied simultaneously with putrescine. In addition, exogenous administration of putrescine also increased the DNA synthesis during the all over the culture period. In vitro activity of DNA polymerase from Nicotiana tabacum L. was promoted by increasing concentrations of polyamines in the reaction mixture. Maximal activity was shown at 5 mM putrscine, 0.5 mM spermidine and spermine, respectively. Lack of Mg2+ ion in the reaction buffer resulted in an inhibition of the enzyme activity by about 30%. The inhibition could not be completely reversed by application of polyamines at optimal concentrations. These results suggest that polyamines promote the DNA synthesis in vivo and in vitro by stabilizing the DNA-helix upon binding to negatively charged groups on DNA or increasing the activity of DNA polymerase in Nicotiana tabacum L.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 1985

The activity of Daucus carota L. root $\beta$-glucan synthetase II was observed to increase in the presence of polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine in vitro, whereas the activity of Daucus carota L. root $\beta$-glucan synthetase I was not affected by the polyamine. The activity $\beta$-glucan synthetase II from Daucus carota L. root protoplasts cultured on medium containing 10-6 M polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine was observed to be higher than that of the control. Daucus carota L. root protoplasts were observed to have the activities of arginine and ornithine decarboxylases and it was noted that they could produce polyamines, which might have an effect on $\beta$-glucan synthetase II activity.