• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.227-231
• /
• 1998

To furnish basic data for the utilizatin of camellia(Camellia japonica L.) seeds as a raw material of industrial products, major chemical components of camellia and defatted camellia seeds were investigated. The moisture, crude ash, crude fat and crude protein contents of camellia seeds were 4.06%, 1.83%, 65.75% and 8.44%, respectively. Defatted camellia seeds indicates that it contains 10.31% moisture, 5.28% crude ash and 17.49% crude protein while no crude fat was detected. The curde ginseng saponin, crude saikosaponin and red ginseng saponin contents of camellia seeds were 108.0mg%, 0.4mg% and 40.3mg%, respectively. Total amino acid contents of camellia seeds and defatted camellia seeds were 7,851mg% and 13,002mg%, respectively, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid and leucine. The ratio of essential/total amino acid of camellia seeds was 0.29.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the chemical components of Perilla leaf(frutescens Britton var. scuta Kudo) according to the making process, and to examine Hunter's color value and sensory evaluation of Jasosuksu by extraction time. Perilla leaves were prepared in three types; fresh leaf, dried leaf in the shade and roasted leaf after being dried in the shade in order to make Jasosuksu. The results of the research were as follows: Free sugars(sucrose, glucose, fructose) and organic acids(citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid) were present in the fresh leaf, dried leaf and roasted leaf. $15{\sim}16$ kinds of amino acid including aspartic acid were determined in the fresh leaf, dried leaf and roasted leaf, and the major free amino acids were serine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. The major total amino acids of tile fresh leaf, dried leaf and roasted leaf were glutamic acid, histinine, and glycine. The major fatty acids of Perilla leaves were palmitic acid, linolenic acid, and linolenic acid. The content ratio of linolenic acid in fresh leaves was the highest, but that of palmitic acid was lower than that of dried leaves and roasted leaves. L value, a value, and b value of Perilla leaf were the highest in the roasted leaves followed by the order of dried leaves and fresh leaves. L value and b value of Jasosuksu extracted from roasted leaves were higher than Jasosuksu extracted from dried leaves. The preference of color, flavor, sweetness of Jasosuksu extracted from dried leaves was the highest when extraction time was 10 min. at $70^{\circ}C$, but that of Jasosuksu extracted from roasted leaves was the highest when extraction time was 15 min. at $70^{\circ}C$. The preference of color, flavor, taste of Jasosuksu extracted from roasted leaves was higher than that of Jasosuksu extracted from dried leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.539-542
• /
• 2002

To evaluate a flower of rose, Rosa hybrids L. as a new food material, its chemical composition was analysed. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and crude fiber in rose petals were 16.3, 2.9, 5.4, 16.1% on dry basis, respectively. Free sugars showed 74.3 mg/g of fructose, 49.6 mg/g of glucose and 16.6 mg/g of xylose. The contents of ${\beta}$-carotene and ascorbic acid were 205.2 ug/100 g and 129.5 mg/100 g, respectively. The major minerals of rose petals were K, P, Mg, Ca, Na and Fe, and among them K was the most abundant as 1,981.7 mg/100 g. The major amino acids were aspartic acid as 4,007.3 mg/100 g, glutamic acid as 1,114.8 mg/100 g, lysine as 672.6 mg/100 g and leucine as 661.0 mg/100 g. Fatty acids were mainly unsaturated fatty acids as 76.3%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.157-161
• /
• 1990

We have been isolating various physiologically active substances from non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng. These are adenosine, pyre-glutamic acid, dencichine and acidic polysaccharide. Adenosine and pyre-glutamic acid are known to inhibit epinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells and stimulate the insulin-mediated lipogenesis. In addition to these actions, adenosine was found to inhibit both norepinephrine- and histamine-induced aorta constriction, and pyre·glutamic acid inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme. Dencichine stimulated histamine-induced aorta constriction. Finally, acidic polysaccharide was found to inhibit both lipolytic and anorexigenic actions of Toxohormone-L. Based on these experimental results, I presented a briefreview on these compounds isolated from non-saponin fraction of Korea Red Ginseng.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2005

Poly-${\gamma}$-glutamic acid (PGA) is an unusual anionic polypeptide and has great potential as an environmentally and industrially significant biodegradable material. A new ${\gamma}$-PGA producer, Bacillus mesentericus MJM1, with high production capacity was isolated from Korean domestic Chungkuckjang bean paste. It produced ${\gamma}$-PGA at the level of 10 g/l in suitable media. The viscosities of 5% initially extracted mucin and purified ${\gamma}$-PGA solutions were 660 cps and 600 cps, respectively. The produced ${\gamma}$-PGA polymer consisted of 2,000 glutamic acid residues with even proportion of L and D types with molecular mass of about 200- 300 kDa. Bacillus mesentericus MJM1 displayed ${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase (${\gamma}$-GTP) activity that is known to play a key role in ${\gamma}$-PGA biosynthesis. The ${\gamma}$-GTP coding region was located on the plasmid of 5.8 kb. The plasmid, named pMMH1, is a rolling-circle replication (RCR) plasmid and additionally contained a replication origin and type I signal peptidase (sipP) coding region.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.354-361
• /
• 2008

A novel bacterium isolated from Cheonggukjang was identified as a glutamate-dependent Bacillus subtilis HA with 98.3% similarity to Bacillus subtilis Z99104. Optimization of poly-$\gamma$-glutamic acid ($\gamma$-PGA) production by modulating fermentation factors including carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic salts and fermentation time was investigated. Optimum culture broth for $\gamma$-PGA production consisted of 3% glutamate, 3% glucose and various salts, resulting in the PGA production of 22.5 g/L by shaking culture for 72 hr at $37^{\circ}C$. Average molecular weight of $\gamma$-PGA was determined to be 1,220 kDa through MALLS analysis. The $\gamma$-PGA solution showed a typical pseudoplastic flow behavior, and a great decrease in consistency below pH 6.0 regardless of the same molecular weight of $\gamma$-PGA. The molecular weights of isolated $\gamma$-PGA were drastically decreased by heat treatment in various acidic conditions, resulting in different hydrolysis of $\gamma$-PGA. The consistency of $\gamma$-PGA solution was greatly decreased with increase heating time in acidic conditions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.10 no.2_3
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 1966

In order to find 2-(5-nitro)furylacrylic acid derivatives possessing antimicrobial activity, nine new 2-(5-nitro)furylacrylamino acids were synthesized which were obtained by the action of 2-(5-nitro)furylacryla chloride on amino acids, such as $_{L}$-phenylalanine, glycine, $_{L}$-isoleucine, $_{L}$-glutamic acid, $_{DL}$-methionine, $_{L}$-threonine, $_{L}$-valine, $_{L}$-tryptophan and $_{DL}$-alanine, according to Schotten-Baumann method. These compounds generally showed a good bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against Bacillus subtilis but were less effective against staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli. Of the above nine compounds, 2-(5-nitro)furylacryl glycine exhibited a good bactericidal activity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 1971

1. L-Tyrosine-${\alpha}$-ketoglutaric transaminase and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase are distributed in Aspergillus oryzae. 2. L-Tyrosine oxidation in extracts of acetone powder, cell free extract and culture liquid of Aspergillus oryzae cultivated in the shaking culture are considerably accelerated by the addition of ${\alpha}$-ketoglutaric acid and then formation of glutamic acid was identified by chromatography method. 3. The roles of ${\alpha}$-ketoglutaric acid and pyridoxal phosphate have been shown to be an amino group acceptor in a transamination reaction. 4. Enzyme systems of an extracts of acetone powder and cell free extract also rapidly oxidized L-tyrosine and p-hydroxyphenlpyruvic acid to homogentisic acid. 5. The optimum pH for L-tyrosine-${\alpha}$-ketoglutaric acid transaminase was pH values of 6.0 and 6.5, and that for p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase was at pH values of 7.5.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 1998

To furnish basic data about the utilization of Korean loquat as flood, this experiment was conducted. Nutritional components in leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed of Korean loquat were analyzed as follows : moisture 48.7%, 87.8%, 88.3% and 59.5% ; total sugar 1.57%, 7.21%, 7.36% and 2.41% ; crude protein 5.23%, 1.61%, 1.44% and 4.31% in each portion, respectively. The highest mineral contents of loquat leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed were Ca 2,458ppm, K 661ppm, 654ppm and 1,528ppm, and water soluble vitamins such as ascorbic acid, thiamin and pyridoxine were confirmed in different pares of Korean loquat, the contents of those were high thiamin 5.86mg% in leaves and ascorbic acid 1.l0mg%, 1.26mg% and 4.90mg% in fruit excluded seed flesh and seed, respectively. The contents of free sugars were high sucrose 0.87%, glucose 0.62%, 0.6475 and rhamnose 0.20%, and major organic acid were detected oxalic acid 1,693.70mg%, malic acid 201.70mg%, 207.60mg% and citric acid 55.70mg% in each portion, respectively. Free amino acid were identified 21, 14, 14 and 16 kinds of leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed, respectively and their contents in each portion were highest glutamic acid 280.22mg%, proline 35.l0mg%, glutamic acid 56.96mg% and sarcosine 230.24mg%, respectively. Volatile components were identified 25 and 11 kinds of leaves and flesh and their contents were highest d-nerolidol 28.70ppm, hexadecanoic acid 16.67ppm, respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2008

Variations of the seventeen amino acids(aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystein, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, arginine) were analyzed in human hair sample by amino acid auto analyzer(AAA). The effect of bleaching and permanent wave manipulation on the amino acid composition of hair were investigated. Hair samples were collected from 10 males in their thirties. Hair samples were treated with 10 mL of 6 N hydrochloric acid at $110^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and analysed by AAA. The results showed that the amino acid content of normal hair(73.9%) decreased to 71.5% and 69.3% after bleaching and permanent wave treatment, respectively. Furthermore, mean contents of lysine and tyrosine in amino acids showed obviously decreased about 25% by permanent wave and bleaching treatment. On the other hand, serine, cystein, leucine and histidine were not changed.