• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.48-54
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• 2010

This paper presents a high-performance architecture of integer-pel motion estimation circuit for H.264 video CODEC. Full search algorithm guarantees the best results by examining all candidate blocks. However, the full search algorithm requires a huge amount of computation and data. Many fast search algorithms have been proposed to reduce the computational efforts. The disadvantage of these algorithms is that data access from or to memory is very irregular and data reuse is difficult. In this paper, we propose an efficient integer-pixel motion estimation algorithm and the circuit architecture to improve the processing speed and reduce the external memory bandwidth. The proposed circuit supports seven kinds of variable block sizes and generates 41 motion vectors. We described the proposed high-performance motion estimation circuit at R1L and verified its operation on FPGA board. The circuit synthesized by using l30nm CMOS standard cell library processes 139.8 1080HD ($1,920{\times}1,088$) image frames per second and supports up to H.264 level 5.1.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.864-875
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a carrier frequency offset estimation method for single-carrier MIMO systems. In the proposed method, phase rotated PN (Pseudo-Noise) sequences are transmitted to prevent a cancelling out of partial PN sequences. After removing a modulation of received PN sequences by multiplying of complex conjugated PN Sequences which are locally generated in receiver, a CFO (Carrier Frequency Offset) is accurately estimated by employing L&R method which is a kind of ML (Maximum Likelihood) estimation algorithm and uses multiple auto-correlatos. In addition, the frequency offset estimation scheme by using channel state information is proposed for accurate CFO estimation in time-varying Rayleigh channel. By performing computer simulations, MSE (Mean Square Error) performance of proposed method is almost same as MSE performance of SISO systems in AWGN channel. Moreover, MSE Performance of proposed method with using channel information is higher than MSE performances of SISO system and conventional method in time-varying Rayleigh channel.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.460-465
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• 2021

In active sonar, time delay estimation is used to find the distance between the target and the sonar. Among the time delay estimation methods for active sonar, estimation in the frequency domain is widely used. When estimating in the frequency domain, the time delay can be thought of as a frequency estimator, so it can be used relatively easily. However, this method is prone to rapid increase in error due to noise. In this paper, we propose a new method which applies weighted dictionary and sparsity in order to reduce this error increase and we extend it to two receivers to propose an algorithm for estimating the time delay between two receivers. And the case of applying the proposed method and the case of not applying the proposed method including the conventional frequency domain algorithm and Generalized Cross Correlation-Phase transform (GCC-PHAT) in a white noise environment were compared with one another. And we show that the newly proposed method has a performance gain of about 15 dB to about 60 dB compared to other algorithms.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2014

This study reviewed an application of water quality estimation using an Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery (A-HSI) and tested a part of Han River water quality (especially suspended solid) estimation with available in-situ data. The estimation of water quality was processed two methods. One is using observation data as downwelling radiance to water surface and as scattering and reflectance into water body. Other is linear regression analysis with water quality in-situ measurement and upwelling data as at-sensor radiance (or reflectance). Both methods drive meaningful results of RS estimation. However it has more effects on the auxiliary dataset as water quality in-situ measurement and water body scattering measurement. The test processed a part of Han River located Paldang-dam downstream. We applied linear regression analysis with AISA eagle hyperspectral sensor data and water quality measurement in-situ data. The result of linear regression for a meaningful band combination shows $-24.847+0.013L_{560}$ as 560 nm in radiance (L) with 0.985 R-square. To comparison with Multispectral Imagery (MSI) case, we make simulated Landsat TM by spectral resampling. The regression using MSI shows -55.932 + 33.881 (TM1/TM3) as radiance with 0.968 R-square. Suspended Solid (SS) concentration was about 3.75 mg/l at in-situ data and estimated SS concentration by A-HIS was about 3.65 mg/l, and about 5.85mg/l with MSI with same location. It shows overestimation trends case of estimating using MSI. In order to upgrade value for practical use and to estimate more precisely, it needs that minimizing sun glint effect into whole image, constructing elaborate flight plan considering solar altitude angle, and making good pre-processing and calibration system. We found some limitations and restrictions such as precise atmospheric correction, sample count of water quality measurement, retrieve spectral bands into A-HSI, adequate linear regression model selection, and quantitative calibration/validation method through the literature review and test adopted general methods.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.701-704
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• 2001

본 논문은 영상압축 표준의 하나로 표준화가 진행중 인 H.26L에 효율적인 저전력 움직임 추정 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 방식은 움직임 추정에 사용하는 이전 프레임에서의 움직임 벡터 발생 빈도와 경향을 이용하여 계산량과 수행시간을 줄인다. 그리고 가변 블럭 정합을 고려하여 먼저 최소 블럭 크기 단위로 블럭 SAD를 계산한 후 다른 모드 블럭 SAD 를 계산으로 생성한다. 제안하는 방식은 기존의 저전력 블럭 정합 방식과 비교하여 최대 31% 전력 소모 감소가 이루어지며 완전 전역 탐색 블럭 정합 방식에 비해 평균 75-90%의 계산량이 감소된다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.463-473
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• 2001

선형모형의 회귀계수의 L$_1$-추정량의 점근분포는 오차항의 중앙값에 종속되어있는데, 이 값은 잔차의 순서통계량의 함수로 추정될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 오차항 중앙값의 추정량을 유도하는 몇 가지 방법을 소개하고 몬테칼로 실험을 통하여 가장 바람직한 추정량의 형태를 제안하였다. 또한 제안한 추정량을 이용하면 검정문제에서도 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.112-114
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• 2004

최근에 널리 사용되고 있는 IEEE 802.l1b의 QoS보장은 중요한 기술적 이슈가 되고 있다. IEEE 802.l1b의 QoS를 보장하기 위한 정책을 효율적으로 수립하기 위해서는 현재 채널에서의 사용 가능한 대역폭을 예측할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문은 기존에 제시 되었던 IEEE 802.l1b의 채 널 saturation 대역폭 모델을 확장하여 채널 상태의 모니터링을 기반으로 한 현재 의 채널에서 사용 가능한 대역폭의 예측 모델을 제안한다. 또한 실제 무선 환경을 구현하여 실험한 결과와 제안한 모델에서의 결과 비교를 통해 제안한 모델이 채널의 가용 대역폭을 효과적으로 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Generation and transportation of runoff and pollutant loads within watershed generated eutrophication at Daecheong reservoir. To improve water quality at Daecheong reservoir, the best management practices should be developed and applied at upper watersheds for water quality improvement at downstream areas. In this study, two small watersheds of upper Daecheong reservoir were selected. The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model has been widely used for the estimation of the direct runoff worldwide. To apply the L-THIA ArcView GIS model was evaluated for direct runoff and water quality estimation at small watershed. And the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT) was used for direct runoff separating from total flow. As a result, the $R^2$ (Coefficient of determination) value and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value for direct runoff comparison at An-nae watershed were 0.81 and 0.71, respectively. And the $R^2$ value and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value at Wol-oe were 0.95 and 0.93. The $R^2$ value of BOD, TOC, T-N and T-P at An-nae watershed were BOD 0.94, TOC 0.81, T-N 0.94 and T-P 0.89. And the $R^2$ value of BOD, TOC, T-N and T-P at Wol-oe watershed were BOD 0.80, TOC 0.93, T-N 0.86 and T-P 0.65. The result that estimated pollutant loadings using the L-THIA ArcView GIS model reflected well the measured pollutant loadings except for T-P in Wol-oe watershed. With L-THIA ArcView GIS model, the direct runoff and non-point pollutant (NPS) loadings in the watershed could be analyzed through simple input data such as daily rainfall, land uses, and hydrologic soil group.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2012

In this paper, we compare the accuracy of most representative radio frequency identification (RFID) tag estimation functions in the context of minimizing RFID tag identification delay. Before the comparisons, we first evaluate the accuracy of Schoute's estimation function, which has been widely adopted in many RFID tag identification processes, and show that its accuracy actually depends on the number of tags to be identified and frame size L used for dynamic frame slotted Aloha cycles. Through computer simulations, we show how the accuracy of estimation functions is related to the actual tag read performance in terms of identification delay.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2E
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• pp.87-92
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• 2003

In this paper, a new speech enhancement method using level adapted wavelet packet is presented. First, we propose a level adapted wavelet packet to alleviate a drawback of the conventional node adapted one in noisy environment. Next, we suggest an adaptive noise estimation method at each node on level adapted wavelet packet tree. Then, for more accurate noise component subtraction, we propose a new estimation method of spectral subtraction weight. Finally, we present a modified spectral subtraction method. The proposed method is evaluated on various noise conditions: speech babble noise, F-l6 cockpit noise, factory noise, pink noise, and Volvo car interior noise. For an objective evaluation, the SNR test was performed. Also, spectrogram test and a very simple listening test as a subjective evaluation were performed.