• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.730-740
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• 2012

Korea Expressway Corporation have a plan to make a new highway from East Hongcheon to Yanayang in Kangwon-do(province). This research was conducted to analyze a vegetation structure of japanese red pine forest and to prepare conservation and restoration basic information for minimizing the effects on pine mushroom producing by road construction. Considering the range of effects by road construction, twenty plots were set up near road construction reserved area, and surveyed. The result analyzed by TWINSPAN, one of the classification technique, showed that the communities were divided into four groups which are two Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community and Pinus densiflora-Deciduous broad leaves forest community(IV). Species diversity index of each community ranged from $1.7353{\pm}0.0341$ to $1.9079{\pm}0.2471$, and the average number of species was $9.2{\pm}2.8$, especially $9.6{\pm}5.0$ at canopy layer in the unit area($100m^2$). The number of individuals ranged from 4 to 29 and average 9.55 in the unit area($100m^2$). The average RSI(relative space index) was below 35%, the average estimated age of the forest was $38{\pm}8.34$ years. The depth of $A_0$ layer of soil was 4~6cm and the range of soil acidity was pH4.70~5.63(average pH 5.29). Pine mushroom and Japanes red pine have a close symbiosis relation. Therefore it is needed that minimizing the read construction which goes through the pine mushroom producing area. If a road goes through a pine mushroom producing area, restoration measurement is prepared to prevent forest from rapid change such as succession or vegetation structure.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.241-252
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• 2013

This study investigated plant community structure of Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) in Jeju-do to identify character as evergreen broad-leaved forest. 20 plots(size is $20m{\times}20m$) were set up and plant communities were divided into 5 communities of Quercus glauca-Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii-Ilex integra(Camellia japonica), Quercus glauca-Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii-Camellia japonica, Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica, Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica-Pinus thunbergii and Pinus thunbergii-Quercus glauca by using TWINSPAN, DCA ordination, mean importance value and environmental condition. Area of Evergreen broad-leaved forest with stonny ground is covered with Quercus glauca and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii in canopy layer and Camellia japonica in the subordinate layer. Area of remaining soil's depth is covered with Pinus thunbergii. It has been alleged that Pinus thunbergii planted by human when Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) is not selected local monuments. All of communities is predicted success to community of Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica. Shannon's diversity ranged from 1.0268 to 1.0717 in area of Evergreen broad-leaved forest and 1.2102 in area of Pinus thunbergii. 10 species of broad-leaved tree's constancy ratio is over the 80%. In future, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii and Cinnamomum japonicum can cover canopy layer, but it has low importance value. Specially high aged Camellia japonica is appeared everywhere. It has been alleged that it was touched by divinity since past. Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) has different plant structure with another evergreen broad-leaved forest. It is hard that knowing its successional sere because it was damaged when it isn't degignate local monument. Accordingly continuous monitoring was required, successional direction and community's character is identified after forest become steady.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.315-322
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• 2001

Seasonal production and nutrient concentrations of mushrooms in an Quercus acutissima forest were studied from 1999 to 2000. Thirty 2×2m quadrats were established randomly in the study area. 114 species of mushrooms were identified during the study period. Although mushrooms occurred from May to November in each year, the highest biomass production occurred in August. Seasonal dominant species was Lactarius violascens in June, R. bella and L. violascens in July, Marasmius siccus in August, Cortinarius tenuipes in September, Lepista nuda and C. tenuipes in October, respectively. Annual production of mushrooms in 1999 and 2000 were 84.8 kgDW·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ and 86.7 kgDW·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/, respectively. Seasonal production was27.1kg/ha for July, 35.9kg/ha for August and 17.1 kg/ha for September, 3.7kg/ha for October, respectively. Seasonal dominant species in biomass was Russula alboareolata in June, R. bella in July, R. pseudodelica in August and September, Lepista nuda in October, respectively. R. pseudodelica showed the highest biomass in the study area, which is 17.5% of the total biomass. Average concentration of nutrients in mushrooms was 45.2mg/g for N, 1.5 mg/g for P, 29.6 mg/g for K, 0.2 mg/g for Ca and 0.8 mg/g for Mg, respectively, which were much higher than those in the leaf litter. Nutrients absorbed by mushrooms in 2000 was 4,163.1 g·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ for N, 130.1 g·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ for P, 2,568.2 g·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ for K, 12.4 g·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ for Ca, 68.5 g·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ for Mg, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.303-313
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• 2020

Rice grain shape is one of the key components of grain yield and market value. An understanding of the genetic basis of the variation in grain shape could be used to improve grain shape. In this study, we developed a total of 265 F₂ individuals derived from a cross between japonica cultivars (Josaeng-jado and Langi) and used this population for quantitative trait locus (QLT) analysis. Correlation analysis was performed to identify relationships between grain traits (GL: grain length, GW: grain width, L/W: ratio of length to width, TGW: 1,000 grain weight). The grain shape was positively correlated with GL and TGW, and negatively correlated with GW. In QTL analysis associated with grain shape, one QTL for GL, qGL5, detected on chromosome 5, explained 20.3% of the phenotypic variation (PV), while two QTLs, qGW5 (PV=36.1) and qGW7 (PV=26.1), for GW were identified on chromosomes 5 and 7, respectively. Evaluation of the effects of each of the QTLs on the grain shape in the population showed a significant difference in the grain size in positive lines compared with the lines without the QTLs. According to the QTL combination of the allelic-types, the grain shape of the tested lines varied from semi-round type to long spindle-shaped type. The results of this study extend our knowledge about the genetic pool governing the diversity of grain shape in japonica cultivars and could be used to improve the grain shape of this species through marker-assisted selective breeding in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop new markers at the region that was related to QTL affecting intramuscular fat and backfat thickness on chromosome 6q28 - 6q32 in pigs. Dozens of repeated sequences were founded using shotgun sequencing of several BAC clones corresponding to that region, of which five new microstellite markers that identified polymorphism were discovered. The mean number of alleles at each locus observed 2.13(KP0290F2), 4.63(KP0248Cll), 7.38(KP1231C91), 2.75(KPI23IC92) and 6.2S(KP1231C93) in 8 breeds(Landrace, Korean native pig, Duroc, Yorkshire, Berkshire, Wuzhishan pig, Xiang pig, Min pig). The average estimated heterozygosity values at each locus varied from 0.2100(KP0290F2) to 0.8304(KPI23IC91) in all populations. In other hand, the average allele of all loci WlL'I within range of 0.4517(Berkshire) and 0.6957 (Yorkshire). Of these markers, KP0248C11, KP1231C91 and KP1231C93 were identified to have optimal number of alleles, high heterozygosity values and low standard deviation values. Especially, KPI23IC91 and KPI231C93 might be considered as a useful marker for genetic mapping and diversity study.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.525-537
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• 2016

This study was aimed to grow organic forage as a prime requirement for organic Hanwoo cattle production over a period of 3 years (2012~2015) in Gyeongbuk region, Korea through mixed cropping of winter fodder barley with legume and application of fermented cattle manure. The effect of barley-legume mixed cropping and application of different levels of fermented cattle manure was studied on forage productivity of whole-crop barley (WCB) and evaluation of feeding capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area. The collected data was analyzed using SAS 9.3 software. Barley-legume mixed cropping increased (P<0.05) yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) as compared to those of sole WCB as monoculture. Similarly, acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents and relative feed value (RFV) were also higher (P<0.05) in barley-legume mixed sowing forage compared with those of sole WCB as monoculture. In case of manure application, yields of DM, CP and TDN were also found (P<0.05) highest in 100~150 kg N/ha. However, varying cattle manure levels did not influence (P>0.05) CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents. In response to increasing nitrogen application level, ADF content increased (P<0.05) but TDN content and RFV decreased (P<0.05). The Barley-legume mixed sowing and increasing application levels of fermented cattle manure also significantly enhanced (P<0.05) feeding capacity of organic Hanwoo (head/ha) having 450 kg body weight with 400 g of daily gain. Findings of present study indicated that barley-legume biculture not only cut nitrogen application level of fermented cattle manure by over 50 kg per ha but also increased their feed value and productivity of forage as compared to WCB monoculture. This would be contribution to the diversity of forage resources as well as production of organic animal product by creating low cost and high quality organic forage.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-43
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• 2017

The objectives of the study were to evaluate fish compositions, endangered species, community structure, physical habitat, and general water quality for a preliminary environmental impact assessment of Jeokbyeok River on the road construction between two regions. Total number of species and total number of individuals, based on CPUE, were 23 and 1186, respectively. The endangered species (I, II) as the legal protection species were Pseudopungtungia nigra (79 samples) Gobiobotia brevibarba) (5) Gobiobotia macrocephala (2), indicating a requiring of endangered species conservation. In the meantime, exotic species and ecological disturbing species such as Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, were not present, indicating a well conserved area. According to fish community analysis, values of species diversity index were high (range: 0.788 - 1.030), and the dominance index were low (range: 0.097 - 0.183), indicating that the fish community in this area was maintained well without high dominacne by specific species. Also, fish analysis on tolerance guilds and trophic guilds showed that the proportions of sensitive species were largely exceeded the proportions of the tolerant species, while the proportions of insectivore species were largely exceeded the proportions of the omnivore species. This outcome suggests that the ecosystem was well maintained in terms of tolerance and trophic compositions (food chain). Ecological health, based on the multi-metric fish model of Fish Assessment Integrity (FAI), reflected those fish conditions. In other words, values of FAI model averaged 82.4, which means a "good condition" in the criteria of ecological health by the Minstry of Environment, Korea. In addition, general water quality and physical habitat analyses showed that the system was in good condition. Under these conditions, if the road constructions between the two regions happen in the future, inorganic suspended solids may increase in the waterbody, and this may result in indirect or direct influences on the physical habitats and food chain as well as fish compositions, so the ecological protections and prevention strategy from the soil erosion are required in the system.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.169-179
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• 1999

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the spring naturalized plant communities in old-Andong city by the methodology of the ZM school of phytosociology. As a result, the vegetation was classified into the six communities and two subcommunities: A. Bromus tectorum community A-a. Bromus japonicus subcommunity, A-b. Melica onoei subcommunity; B. Poa pratensis community; C. Rumex crispus community; D. Oenothera lamarckiana community; E. Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. eiatior community; F. Rumex conglomeratus community. The total taxa of the naturalized plant communities consisted of 31 families, 86 genera, 114 species and 13 varieties. Of which the taxa of the naturalized plant species consisted of 8 families, 21 genera, 25 species and 1 variety. The result of Bray-Curtis ordination revealed that the plots suveyed were arranged according largely to the vegetation units of' the communities. Also the interspecific affinity was examined by an analysis of interspecific association and the main component species in the communities were divided into two groups. The naturalized rate was higher in the communitise affected by strong human impacts, while was lower in the communities affected relatively less by human impacts. On the other hand the seasonal changes of the communities and the naturalized rate between the spring and the autumn were investigated. Many naturalized communities present in Spring were replaced by the other native ruderal communitues in the Autumn. The naturalized rate based on the dominance was largely decreased over from the spring to the Autumn.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 1999

The effect of several hydrocolloids on the rheological behavior of wheat flour was investigated. The influence of the selected hydrocolloids (alginate, carrageenan, CMC, guar, locustbean and xanthan) on wheat flour was tested by using two different techniques; amylograph and texture analyzer. In order to have a general overview of their effects hydrocolloids were chosen from different sources implying a broad diversity of chemical structures. The hydrocolloid addition decreased the brightness(L) but increased yellowness(b). The interaction between hydrocolloid and flour produces a slight modification of the amylogram parameters, being the most clearly affected parameter breakdown, which is increased by carrageenan, guar and xanthan. Hardness and cutting force were augmented by hydrocolloid addition, while springeness was decreased except guar and locustbean. In summary, when looking for the improvement of the noodle texture, guar, locustbean are the best candidate additives due to their effects on pasting and texture properties. These hydrocolloids increase the hardness, cutting force, gumness, chew-ness, so were thought to increase the eating quality. So, each tested hydrocolloid affected in a different way the rheological properties of wheat flour, the results obtained are important for the appropriate use of these hydrocolloid as ingredients in the noodle making process.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2001

The ichthyofauna and fish community of the Dongjin River system were surveyed at 21 sites from October 1998 to September 1999. We confirmed the presence of 53 species in 14 families belonging to seven orders. Thirty-two species of cyprinid fishes accounted for 60.4% of the total, four species of cobitid and gobiid fishes 7.5% of the total, and two species of bagrid and centrarchid fishes for 3.8% of the total. The dominant species in the Dongjin River system was Zacco platypus (relative abundant 26.0%), the subdominant species was Carassius auratus (14.7%). The dominant and subdominant species in each stream of the Dongjin River system were determined. In the Dongjin River, the dominant species was Z. platypus (40.6%), the subdominant Acheilognathus lanceolatus (20.5%); in Wonpyeong stream, Pseudorasbora parva (22.6%) and Hypomesus olidus (13.2%); in Gobu stream C. auratus (67.5%) and Cyprinnus carpio (15.4%). Fourteen of the 53 species from the the Dongjin River system comprised 28.6% of the total Korean endemic species; seven rare species accounted for less than 0.1% of the total. Four exotic fish species were found: Cyprinus carpio (Islaeli carp), Carassius cuvieri, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus. The species dominance, diversity, and evenness index of the fish community from the Wonpyeong stream were 0.12, 1.08, and 0.91, respectively, indicating better conditions than those of the Dongjin River and the Gobu stream. The fish community of the Wonpyeong stream showed closer relationship to that of the Dongjin River than to that of the Gobu stream.