• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.442-446
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• 2007

토양에 고정되어 축적된 난용성 인산염을 가용화하는 유용세균을 선발하여 생물비료로 이용하고자 고추, 토마토, 상추, 오이, 목초, 잔디의 근권토양 및 뿌리표면에서 인산가용화능이 있는 세균을 분리하였다. 선발된 인산가용화균은 16S rRNA 염기서열과 생화학적특성 등에 의해 동정되었으며, 난용성인산 가용화기능이 우수한 세균 Pseudomonas sp. CL-1 및 Kluyvera sp. CL-2균주를 선발하였다. Pseudomonas sp. CL-1균주는 esculin과 gelatin, casein을 가수분해하였고, 그리고 glucose, arabinose, mannose, mannitol, N-acetyl-glucosamine, gluconate, caprate, adipate, malate, citrate 등을 이용하였다. Kluyvera sp. CL-2 균주는 esculin과 CM-cellulose를 가수분해 하였고 acetoin을 생성하였다. 그리고 glucose, arabinose, mannose, mannitol, N-acetyl-glucosamine, maltose, gluconate, malate, citrate 등을 이용하였다. Pikovskaya's medium에서 선발균주의 난용성인산 $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$의 인 가용화량을 정량한 결과 Pseudomonas sp. CL-1과 Kluyvera sp. CL-2 균주는 접종후 1일, 3일에 각각 148.0, $193.4(P\;mg\;L^{-1})$와 482.8 mg, 493.6 mg의 인 가용화량을 나타내었다

• 미생물학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2004

단백질의 serine이나 threonine의 수산기에 N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc)으로 변형되는 당쇄는 대부분의 진핵세포에서 광범위하게 일어나는 번역 후 수식의 일종으로 여러 세포 내 현상에 관여하고 있다. O-GlcNAc의 변형정도는 O-GlcNAc transfearse (OGT)와 O-linked N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase)에 의해 조절된다. O-GlcNAcase의 효소활성 조절물질을 탐색하기 위한 시험관 내 검정계를 확립하기 위해 재조합 O-GlcNAcase의 생산을 시도하였다. O-GlcNAcase 발현을 최적화하기 위한 배양조건을 검토한 결과 유도 배양온도 $30^{\circ}C$, 유도제인 L-arabinose 0.02%, 유도 배양시간 5시간 등으로 나타났다. 위의 조건에서 대장균 형질전환체를 배양하면서 한 시간 간격으로 배양액을 채취하여 세포를 파괴하고 얻은 효소용액의 활성은 배양 후 3시간에서 5시간까지는 급격히 증가하였으나 그 이후는 거의 증가하지 않았다. Western blot으로 발현된 단백질 양을 조사한 결과는 활성 그래프와 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 이렇게 생산한 O-GlcNAcase의 최적 반응조건은 pH 6.5, 반응온도 $45^{\circ}C$, 기질의 농도 2 mM, pH 6.5로 나타났다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins, potential health-promoting compounds, were major natural pigment in the blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The objectives of this study was to investigate anthocyanin glycosides in the blueberry varieties.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of seventeen anthocyanins were identified from highbush blueberry using HPLC (representatives, 530 nm) and ESI-MS in positive ion mode. The individual anthocyanins are containing cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, and petunidin moieties which are acylated with aliphatic acid (acetic acid) and conjugated with sugar moieties (arabinose, galactose, and glucose). Among them, delphinidin 3-O-galactoside (D3Ga), peonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pn3G) + malvidin 3-O-galactoside (M3Ga) were major compounds in varieties. Total anthocyanins were found the highest level in 'Elizabeth' (1,406.3 mg/100 g dry weight) which was 3-fold higher than 'Darrow' (465.7). Especially, D3Ga was presented the 32% of total anthocyanins followed by Pn3G + M3Ga (20%) in 'Elizabeth'.CONCLUSION: This result was showed as valuable information regarding nutritional properties of the different varieties of the highbush blueberry.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.200-209
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 상품성이 떨어지는 원목표고를 활용하여 전통된장의 기호성과 저장성이 향상된 저염표고된장을 개발하고, 이를 활용한 된장스프레드잼을 제조하여 품질특성을 확인하였다. 대조구로 시판된장(전통된장, 농업회사법인 장흥식품)을 분석하였다. 염도함량은 염수 중 식염 첨가량이 낮은 저염표고된장이 시판된장보다 더 낮게 나타났으며, L(명도)값은 더 높게 나타났다. 일반성분 분석결과 조단백질, 조지방, 회분은 저염표고된장보다 시판된장에서 더 높게 나타났다. 유리당은 시판된장에서 glucose, fructose, maltose가 검출되었으며 저염표고된장에서는 arabinose와 fucose가 추가로 검출되었다. 유기산 분석결과 시판된장과 저염표고된장은 2 종만 검출되었으며, 저염표고된장을 활용한 된장스프레드잼은 4 종의 유기산이 검출되었다. 유리아미노산 분석결과 시판된장과 저염표고된장의 주요 아미노산은 histidine, glutamic acid, arginine이었고 총 유리아미노산 함량은 시판된장(49.26 mg%)보다 저염표고된장(54.81 mg%)에서 더 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 저염표고된장을 활용한 된장스프레드잼의 총 유리아미노산 함량은 43.01 mg%로 나타났다. Ergosterol 함량과 β-glucan은 표고정과를 첨가한 된장스프레드잼에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 시중된장보다 저염표고된장에서 함량이 월등하게 높게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 저염표고된장 및 된장스프레드잼은 표고의 유용성분을 함유하며, 염도가 낮은 장점이 있어 표고를 활용한 건강식품개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.34-43
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• 1987

This study was performed to find out the types of linkage of carbohydrates in wood cell walls. To study the structure of linkage of carbohydrates in wood cell walls, we have attempted to find out the method holocellulose preparation and optimum condition of enzyme hydrolysis in holocellulose, and fractionate oligosaccharide with products that hydrolized partly by acetolysis and deacetylation in holocellulose. We have achieved four results. These results as follow; 1. At first. we reacted in wood meal $NaClO_2$ 1g per lignin lg for one hour and then the same of quantity $NaClO_2$ for four hours. Through these experiments, we have developed new holocellulose preparation method which had low loss of carbohydrates and high effect of the delignification. 2. The optimum condition of enzyme hydrolysis of holocellulose which had lignin was 0.005M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0). We have achieved 7.2% reducing sugar through the procedure that reactioned 0.01g holocellulose putting enzyme 0.03g for 72 hours. It may be supposed that 5.5% of lignin contained in holocellulose prevented enzyme contaction from holocellulose and so this lignin has resulted in the low efficiency of enzyme hydrolysis. 3. We did not fractionated from oligosaccharides which were preparated by the method of acetolysis and deacetylation in holocellulose. The reason is that holocellulose having a lot of lignin prevented prefectly partial hydrolysis from the method of acetolysis and deacetylation. 4. We attempted analysis of six standard substances through HPLC apparatus having sugar pak 1 column which we have changed flow rate and the column temperature variably. These six standard substances were D-glucose, D-mannose, D-xylose, D-galactose and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, But sugar pak 1 column was not fitted analysis of four substances because D-galactose, D-mannose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose were agreement with elution time. And so, we could not analize four standard substances with sugar pak 1 column.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2009

현재까지 미생물에 의해 생산되는 10,000여 종의 항생물질 가운데 약 2/3 에 해당하는 64% 정도가 방선균으로부터 발견되었다. 따라서 토양 중에 널리 분포하고 있는 방선균을 분리하여 광범위 항생물질 생산능이 가강 우수한 Y-88을 최종 선정하였다. 이 균을 형태학적, 생리상 및 배양학적으로 동정한 결과 Streptomyces 속으로 밝혀져 Streptomyces sp. Y-88 이라 명명하였다. Y-88로부터 항생물질 생산 최적 배양조건을 검토한 결과 soluble starch 1.6%, glucose 1.6%, beef extract 0.6%, $K_2HPO_4$, $MgSO_4$ $7H_2O$ 및 $ZnSO_4$ $7H_2O$가 각각 0.01%였으며, 최적 pH4.0, 배양온도 25$^{\circ}C$ 그리고 배양시간으로 위의 조건에 30시간에서 항생물질 생산이 빠른 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.658-664
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• 2004

To find a new utilization of rice bran, nine higher fungi were examined for the production of exo-biopolymer with macrophage stimulating activity from rice bran. Among the exo-biopolymers produced from submerged cultures, Lentinus edodes showed the highest activity, followed by Grifola frondosa, Schizophyllum commune, and Coriolus versicolor. L. edodes also had the most potent macrophage stimulating activity in a liquid culture rather than in a solid culture. In order to improve rice bran utilization and the yield of exo-biopolymer with macrophage stimulating activity, the treatment of Rapidase effectively increased the macrophage stimulating activity (about 30% increase), whereas the other enzymes (Econase, Viscozyme, Ultraflo, Celluclast, and Thermylase) treatments did not increase the macrophage stimulating activity. Exo-biopolymer with macrophage stimulating activity from L. edodes contained mainly neutral sugars (58.7%) with considerable amounts of uronic acid (32.2%) and a small amount of proteins (9.1%). Component sugars of exo-biopolymer consisted of mainly arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and xylose (0.95:0.81:0.96:1.00:0.39, respectively). When the exo-biopolymer was treated with $NaIO_4, NaClO_2$, and pronase, the $NaClO_2$ treatment and pronase digestion had little effect, whereas $NaIO_4$ oxidation significantly decreased the macrophage stimulating activity (47.6% reduction at $100\mug/ml$). Therefore, the carbohydrate moiety in exo-biopolymer from L. edodes plays an important role in the expression of the macrophage stimulating activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1174-1178
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• 2011

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are microbial polysaccharides that are released outside of the bacterial cell wall. There have been few studies on EPS-producing lactic acid bacteria that can enhance macrophage activity and the underlying signaling mechanism for cytokine expression. In the current study, EPS-overproducing Lactobacillus (L.) paracasei KB28 was isolated from kimchi and cultivated in conditioned media containing glucose, sucrose, and lactose. The whole bacterial cells were obtained with their EPS being attached, and the cytokine-inducing activities of these cells were investigated. Gas chromatography analysis showed the presence of glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose in EPS composition. EPS-producing L. paracasei KB28 induced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12 in mouse macrophages. This strain also caused the degradation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and phosphorylation of the major MAPKs: Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. The use of pharmacological inhibitors showed that different signaling pathways were involved in the induction of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 by L. paracasei KB28. Our results provide information for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect of food-derived EPS-producing lactic acid bacteria.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2003

The carbon utilizations of Bacillus species and Pythium species were investigated by using a Biolog$^{(R)}$ microplate assay to determine if there are differences in the carbon utilizations of selected strains of these species. It may be possible to afford a competitive advantage to bacterial biological control agents by providing them with a substrate that they can readily use as a carbon source, for example, in a seed coating formulation. Microplates, identified as SFP, SFN and YT were used to identify spore-forming bacteria, nonspore-forming bacteria, and yeast, respectively. Bacterial and mycelial suspensions were adjusted to turbidities of 0.10 to 0.11 at 600 nm. One hundred microliters of each of the bacterial and mycelial suspension were inoculated into each well of each of the three types of microplates. L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-melezitose and D-melibiose of the 147 carbohydrates tested were found to be utilized only by bacteria, and not by Pythium species, by Biolog$^{(R)}$ microplate assay, and this was confirmed by traditional shake flask culture. Thus, it indicated that the Biolog$^{(R)}$ microplate assay could be readily used to search for specific carbon sources that could be utilized to increase the abilities of bacterial biological control agents to adapt to contrived environments.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.976-982
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• 2008

The 10 species of marine green algae was collected from Jejudo(Island) in Korea. Methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared and screened for inhibition activities against tumor cell growth. Of the tested samples, the sea staghorn (Codium fragile) aqueous extract (CFAE) showed the highest activity on CT-26 cell growth. Therefore, CFAE was selected for further experiments and the possibility to induce apoptosis by the CFAE was investigated. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that it dose-dependently increased apoptotic cells with hypodiploid DNA contents in CT-26 cell line. These results indicated that CFAE can suppress the growth of CT-26 cells through apoptosis. The CFAE decreased the protein expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and led to the activation of caspase-3 and -7. A crude polysaccharide was separated from CFAE and it mainly constituted with 61.2% galactose and 30.5% arabinose as analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).