• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress plays a key role in neuronal cell damage, which is associated with neurodegenerative disease. The aim of present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of perilla oil (PO) and its active component, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), against hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells exposed to $250{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ for 24 h were treated with different concentrations of PO (25, 125, 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$) and its major fatty acid, ALA (1, 2.5, 5 and $25{\mu}g/mL$). We examined the effects of PO and ALA on $H_2O_2$-induced cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and nuclear condensation. Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX. RESULTS: Treatment of $H_2O_2$ resulted in decreased cell viability, increased LDH release, and increase in the nuclei condensation as indicated by Hoechst 33342 staining. However, PO and ALA treatment significantly attenuated the neuronal cell death, indicating that PO and ALA potently blocked the $H_2O_2$-induced neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the $H_2O_2$-induced up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA. CONCLUSIONS: PO and its main fatty acid, ALA, exerted the protective activity from neuronal oxidative stress induced by $H_2O_2$. They regulated apoptotic pathway in neuronal cell death by alleviation of BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and down-regulation of cleaved-PARP and cleaved caspase-9 and -3. Although further studies are required to verify the protective mechanisms of PO and ALA from neuronal damage, PO and ALA are the promising agent against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2000

Background: Nucleoside transport inhibitor(NTI) Keeps AMP, ADP, ATP levels high in myocytes by inhibiting adenosine cataboilsm so that it may preserve the myocardial contractability during ischemia In this study we investigated the effects of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibor(C-AMP PDSI) and S-P-nitrobenzyl-6 -thioniosine(NBT; a sort of NIT) on myocadial preservation and changes of constituent enzyme. Material and method: Twenty-six isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution for 20 minutes arrested for 20 minutes and ten reperfused for 30 minutes. The following four groups were prepared and hemodynamic changes coronary effluent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) a-hydroxybutylic accid(a-HBD) levels and myocardial LDH creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) adenosine deaminase(ADA) a-HBD levels and myocardial LDH creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) adenosine deaminase(ADA) a-HBD levels were analysed before and after cardiac arest ; Group I(control) ; the heart was only perfused with K-H ; Group II ; the heart was perfused with K-H including C-AMP PDSI(Amrinone 25mg/L); Group III ; the heart was perfused with K-H including NBT(4.19mg/L) ; Group IV ; the heart was perfused with K-H including C-AMP PDSI + NBT. Result : Left venticular developed pressure(LVDP) at 10 minutes of the equilibrium was significantly higher in group III(72.1$\pm$5.3 mmHg p<0.01) and group III(72$\pm$5.6 mmHg P<0.025) as compared with group I (40.8$\pm$4.7mmHg) and LVDP at 20 minutes of the reperfusion was significantly higher in group II(74$\pm$5.3mmHg p<0.01) and group III(72$\pm$5.6mmHg p<0.025) as compared with group I (44.2$\pm$4.6mmHg). Percentage recovery of LVDP at the reperfusion was the highest in group II(123.3%) Percentage recovery of coronary flow at the equilibrium reperfusion were higher in group II(310%, 270%) group III(230%, 290%) group IV(310%, 280%) as compared with group I (100%) respectively. Myocadial LDH level was significant lower in group IV(33495$\pm$1802 IU/gm p<0.04) as compared with group I(48767$\pm$1421 IU/gm) Myocadial CK-MB level was significant higher in group II(74820$\pm$1421 IU/gm) compared with group I (45450$\pm$1737 IU/gm) Myocadial ADA level was significant higher group IV(1215$\pm$8 IU/gm p<0.05) compared with group I(125$\pm$15 IU/gm) but there was no significant difference between group I and group II ,III, IV in changes of coronary effluent LDH, a-HBD levels. Conclusion: C-AMP PDSI solely appears to have a better effect on myocardial preservation after ischemia than NBT but with no synergistic effect and it could keep CK-MB leve high in myocardial tissues.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.117-132
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was carried out to determine whether Juglandis Semen herbal acupuncture (JSA) exerts the protective effect against toxic agent-induced live. cell damage. Methods : The cell damage was estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and lipid peroxidation was estimated by measuring maiondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, in rabbit liver slices. Results : When tissues were incubated with 0.5 mM Hg for $10{\sim}120\;min$, LDH release and lipid peroxidation were increased as a function of incubation time, and these effects were significantly prevented by addition of 0.1% JSA. Hg increased LDH release and lipid peroxidation in dose-dependent manner over the range of $0.1{\sim}l\;mM$ concentrations, which were reduced by 0.1% JSA. When tissues were treated with 0.5 mM Hg in the presence of $0.05{\sim}l\;%$ JSA, LDH release and lipid peroxidation induced by Hg were prevented by JSA in a dose-dependent fashion. JSA at 0.5 and 1% prevented completely effects of 0.5 mM Hg. When tissues were treated with 0.5 mM Hg for 60 min, LDH release and lipid peroxidation were increased, which were significantly prevented by addition of 0.1 % JSA. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) increased LDH release and lipid peroxidation, which were significantly reduced by 0.1 % JSA. Such protective effects were similar to those of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD), a potent antioxidant. When tissues were treated with 0.5 mM Hg, activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were inhibited, and glutathione content was also reduced. Such effects were prevented by JSA, but not by DPPD. JSA prevented Hg-induced morphological changes. Conclusions : These results indicate that JSA exerts the protective effect against liver cell injury induced by toxic agents through antioxidant action, and this effect may be attributed to an increase in activities of endogeous anitoxidant enzymes and GSH content. However, antioxidant effect of JSA is different from that of a well-known potent antioxidant DPPD.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2021

Purpose: A high anion gap (AG) is known to be a significant risk factor for serious acid-base imbalances and death in acute poisoning cases. The strong ion difference (SID), or strong ion gap (SIG), has recently been used to predict in-hospital mortality or acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This study presents a comprehensive acid-base analysis in order to identify the predictive value of the SIG for disease severity in severe poisoning. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on acute poisoning patients treated in the emergency intensive care unit (ICU) between December 2015 and November 2020. Initial serum electrolytes, base deficit (BD), AG, SIG, and laboratory parameters were concurrently measured upon hospital arrival and were subsequently used along with Stewart's approach to acid-base analysis to predict AKI development and in-hospital death. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and logistic regression analysis were used as statistical tests. Results: Overall, 343 patients who were treated in the intensive care unit were enrolled. The initial levels of lactate, AG, and BD were significantly higher in the AKI group (n=62). Both effective SID [SIDe] (20.3 vs. 26.4 mEq/L, p<0.001) and SIG (20.2 vs. 16.5 mEq/L, p<0.001) were significantly higher in the AKI group; however, the AUC of serum SIDe was 0.842 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.799-0.879). Serum SIDe had a higher predictive capacity for AKI than initial creatinine (AUC=0.796, 95% CI=0.749-0.837), BD (AUC=0.761, 95% CI=0.712-0.805), and AG (AUC=0.660, 95% CI=0.607-0.711). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that diabetes, lactic acidosis, high SIG, and low SIDe were significant risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Initial SIDe and SIG were identified as useful predictors of AKI and in-hospital mortality in intoxicated patients who were critically ill. Further research is necessary to evaluate the physiological nature of the toxicant or unmeasured anions in such patients.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.596-606
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• 2019

N-acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing (AHL-QS) has been shown to regulate many physiological behaviors in Serratia marcescens MG1. In the current study, the effects of AHL-QS on the biosynthesis of acid and neutral products by S. marcescens MG1 and its isogenic ${\Delta}swrI$ with or without supplementing exogenous N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone ($C_6-HSL$) were systematically investigated. The results showed that swrI disruption resulted in rapid pH drops from 7.0 to 4.8, which could be restored to wild type by supplementing $C_6-HSL$. Furthermore, fermentation product analysis indicated that ${\Delta}swrI$ could lead to obvious accumulation for acidogenesis products such as lactic acid and succinic acid, especially excess acetic acid (2.27 g/l) produced at the early stage of fermentation, whereas solventogenesis products by ${\Delta}swrI$ appeared to noticeably decrease by an approximate 30% for acetoin during 32-48 h and by an approximate 20% for 2,3-butanediol during 24-40 h, when compared to those by wild type. Interestingly, the excess acetic acid produced could be removed in an AHL-QS-independent manner. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of genes responsible for acidogenesis and solventogenesis and showed consistent results with those of product synthesis. Finally, by close examination of promoter regions of the analyzed genes, four putative luxI box-like motifs were found upstream of genes encoding acetyl-CoA synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, ${\alpha}$-acetolactate decarboxylase, and Lys-like regulator. The information from this study provides a novel insight into the roles played by AHL-QS in switching from acidogenesis to solventogenesis in S. marcescens MG1.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Ginseng extract (GSE) and taurine (TR) are widely used antifatigue resources in functional foods. However, the mechanism underlying the antifatigue effects of GSE and TR are still unclear. Hence, we investigated whether GSE and TR have synergistic effects against fatigue in mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: L6 cells were treated with different concentrations of TR and GSE, and cell viability was determined using 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium. Oxidative stress was analyzed by immunocytochemistry using MitoTracker^TM Red FM and an anti-8-oxoguanine antibody. Respiratory gas analysis was performed to investigate metabolism. Expression of an activated protein kinase was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Gene expression of cluster of differentiation 36 and pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Mice were orally administered TR, GSE, or their combination for 30 days, and then fatigue-related parameters, including lactate, blood urea nitrogen, and glycogen, were measured after forced swimming. RESULTS: TR and GSE reduced oxidative stress levels in hydrogen peroxide-stimulated L6 cells and enhanced the oxygen uptake and lipid metabolism in mice after acute exercise. After oral administration of TR or GSE for 30 days, the fatigue-related parameters did not change in mice. However, the mice administered GSE (400 mg/kg/day) alone for 30 days could swim longer than those from the other groups. Further, no synergistic effect was observed after the swimming exercise in mice treated with the TR and GSE combination for 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data suggest that TR and GSE may exert antifatigue effects in mice after acute exercise by enhancing oxygen uptake and lipid oxidation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.476-481
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 간보호 활성이 우수한 것으로 알려진 단풍취의 활용가치를 높이고 향후 건강기능성식품 소재로써의 가능성을 알아보고자 LPS/D-GalN 독성유발에 따른 단풍취 열수 추출물의 간기능 개선효과를 연구하였다. 단풍취 열수 추출물 내에 존재하는 5종의 Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) 분석결과 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4,5-DCQA) 11.16 mg/g, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4-DCQA) 5.23 mg/g, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) 4.88 mg/g, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) 3.51 mg/g 및 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA) 3.31 mg/g 순으로 나타났다. 단풍취 열수 추출물이 함유하고 있는 총 폴리페놀 함량은 74.03 mg/g이었으며, ABTS cation radical 소거능은 추출물의 농도 50, 100, 200 및 400 ㎍/mL의 범위에서 각각 12.2, 25.0, 40.8, 68.55%를 나타냈고 DPPH radical 소거능은 50 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 54.38%를 나타냈다. HepG2 세포에 LPS/D-GalN을 처리하여 간독성을 유발한 결과 정상군을 제외한 모든 처리군에서 GGT, AST 및 LDH 활성이 증가하였고, 단풍취 열수 추출물 300 mg/mL을 처리하였을 때 대조군과 비교하여 GGT, AST 및 LDH 활성이 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. LPS/D-GalN을 처리하였을 때 정상군과 비교하여 모든 처리군에서 TNF-α 분비가 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 단풍취 열수 추출물을 100 ㎍/mL 이상 처리하였을 때 TNF-α의 분비가 유의하게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 단풍취 열수 추출물은 항산화 활성 증가 및 GGT, AST, LDH의 활성을 감소시키고 TNF-α 분비를 억제시킴으로써 LPS/D-GalN으로 인한 간 손상을 예방하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2005

알루미늄 용액과 갈근 열수 추출액의 급여가 흰쥐의 Aldosterone, rennin의 호르몬과 GOT, GPT. LDH의 효소 활성도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 식이섭취량은 각 실험군간에 유의성은 나타나지 않았으며 체중증가량은 농도를 달리한 알루미늄 단독 급여군에 비하여 갈근과 알루미늄의 병합 급여군이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 신장조직은 다론 조직에 비하여 농도를 달리한 알루미늄 단독 급여군은 $1.78{\sim}1.83g$이었으나 알루미늄과 갈근 병합 급여군은 $2.10{\sim}2.19g$으로 유의적으로 증가하였다 rennin 활성도에서 각각 농도를 달리한 알루미늄 급여군은 $399.98{\sim}464.58ngAl/ml/hr$에 비하여 알루미늄과 갈근 병합 급여군이 $289.74{\sim}88ngAl/ml/hr$으로 알루미늄 단독 급여군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였다. aldosterone 활성도는 각각 농도를 달리한 알루미늄 병합 급여군은 1351.60{\sim}1394.83pg/ml$ 알루미늄과 갈근 열수 추출물 병합 급여군이 $954.54(\sim}9632.57pg/ml$으로 알루미늄 병합 급여군에 비하여 감소하였다. GOT는 농도를 달리한 알루미늄 단독 급여군은 $258.60{\sim}395.80IU/L$인데 비하여 알루미늄과 갈근 열수 추출물 병합 급여군이 $314.20{\sim}320.20IU/L$으로 유의적으로 감소하였다. GPT는 농도를 달리한 알루미늄 급여군은 $100.40{\sim}108.20IU/L$인데 비하여 갈근 열수 추출액 급여군과 알루미늄 병합 급여군은 $70.80{\sim}81.00IU/L$으로 유의적으로 감소하였다. LDH는 농도를 달리한 알루미늄 급여군은 $3157.20{\sim}3726.20IU/L$인데 비하여 갈근 열수 추출액 급여와 알루미늄 동시 병합 급여군은 $2846.60{\sim}2993.20IU/L$으로 유의적으로 감소하여 갈근 열수 추출액 급여군에 의한 알루미늄 중독 완화 효과를 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1523-1528
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• 1999

신선편의 가공 기술을 이용하여 과실 및 채소류의 신선함과 이용자에게 편리함을 줄 수 있는 새로운 형태의 가공제품 개발에 대한 연구의 일환으로 신고배를 이용하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과 포장한 절단배의 저장 후 $O_2$와 $CO_2$는 $0^{\circ}C$에서 6일 후 $O_2$가 $8.35{\sim}10.56%,\;CO_2$가 $2.76{\sim}3.81%$로 유지되었고, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 2일 후 $O_2$가 $4.76{\sim}7.78%,\;CO_2$가 $3.92{\sim}4.55%$를 나타내었다. 또한 처리군별로는 무처리한 것의 $O_2$농도가 다른 처리구에 비해 가장 높게 나타났다. 색도는 저장기간이 증가할수록 전반적으로 L값은 감소하였고 b값은 증가하였으며, 처리구 중에서는 1% NaCl과 0.2% L-cysteine용액에 1분간 처리한 절단배의 색도가 가장 적게 변화하였다. 경도는 처리방법에 따라 그 변화의 폭이 다양하게 나타났으며 이중 1% $CaCl_2$ 용액처리한 것이 가장 높은 경도를 나타내었다. 가용성 고형물의 함량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 약간씩 증가하였는데, 다만 1% NaCl과 0.2% L-cysteine 용액 처리된 경우에만 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 약간씩 감소하여 저장말기에는 각각 $11.4^{\circ}Brix,\;11.6^{circ}Brix$를 보이고 있다. 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 pH는 약간씩 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있으며 저장온도나 처리에 관계없이 저장말기에는 pH $5.02{\sim}5.19$의 값을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 적정산도에 있어서도 pH와 마찬가지로 처리구별 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. Vitamin C의 함량은 초기 3.72 mg%에서 저장 후에는 무처리군이 1.35 mg%로 가장 많이 감소하였으며, 나머지는 처리군간 큰 차이가 없이 모두 $2.25{\sim}2.65\;mg%$의 범위를 유지하였다. 미생물 오염은 진공포장 후 저온저장한 것과 0.2% L-cysteine용액 침지 후 저온저장한 것이 미생물 생육억제에 효과 있음을 알 수 있다. 관능검사 결과 사각거림이나 다즙성, 풍미에 있어서는 큰 차이가 없었으나 외관에 있어서는 0.2% L-cysteine, 전체적 기호도에서는 1% NaCl이 각각 높은 선호도를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2000

신선편의화된 신고배를 이용하여 연구를 수행한 결과 처리구 중에서 1% NaCl과 0.2% L-cysteine 용액에 1분간 처리한 절단배의 색도가 가장 적게 변화하였으며, 1% CaCl, 용액처리한 것이 가장 높은 경도를 나타내었다. Vitamin C의 함량은 초기 3.7mg%에서 저장 후에는 무처리구가 1.6mg%로 가장 많이 감소하였으며, 나머지는 처리구간 큰 차이가 없이 모두 2.3-2.9mg%의 범위를 유지하였다. 관능평가 결과 사각거림이나 다즙성, 풍미에 있어서는 큰 차이가 없었으나 외관에 있어서는 0.2% L-cysteine 처리구, 전체적 기호도에서는 1% NaCl 처리구가 각각 높은 선호도를 나타내었다. 신선편의 식품화를 위하여 배추를 절단한 후 저장수명과 품질변화를 관찰한 결과 4$^{\circ}C$에서 1% CaCl$_2$ 처리구와 1% NaCl처리구의 저장수명이 가장 길었으며 전반적인 외관의 유지효과 역시 2$0^{\circ}C$와 4$^{\circ}C$ 모두 1% CaCl$_2$처리구가 대조구와 다른 처리구들에 비하여 줄기절단 부위에 약간의 갈변 발생을 제외하고는 외관이 가장 좋았고, fiber함량, 색도, 산도 등의 생화학적인 변화에 있어서도 역시 다른 처리구에 비하여 효과가 우수하였다. 느타리버섯의 MAP조건은 포장재질, 두께 및 저장온도에 따라 저장수명의 큰 차이를 보여주었다. 포장두께는 사용한 creamic, polypropylene 및 polyethylene film 모두 60$\mu\textrm{m}$ 두께에서 가장 높은 저장수명을, 포장재질로는 polyethylene film이 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 30-50%, $0^{\circ}C$에서 30-125% 증가된 저장수명을 보여주었다. Polyethylene flim을 이용해 버섯의 고품질 유지기간의 연장을 위한 시도로 사용된 potassium permanganate와 SO$_2$발생 처리는 potassium permanganate 처리구가 30-50%, SO$_2$, 발생 처리구는 50-78%의 저장수명 연장 효과를 보여주었다. MA저장시 기체조성은 느타리버섯의 경우 $CO_2$ 10.2-11.6%, $O_2$ 1.2-l.9%, 표고버섯은 $CO_2$, 10.8-16.7%, $O_2$ 1.1-1.9%를 나타내었다.