• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제107권3호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2018

대한민국은 2010년 OECD 개발원조위원회(DAC, Development Assistance Committee) 공식 회원국으로 가입한 이래 국제적 위상을 고취하고자 지속적으로 노력하고 있다. 2017년은 한 중앙아 외교관계를 수립한 지 25주년이며 고려인의 중앙아 이주 80주년을 맞이하는 시점으로 새로운 협력의 시대를 열어갈 출발선 상에 있다. 역내 부존자원을 바탕으로 급속한 경제성장을 이루고 있는 중앙아시아에 대한 관심이 커지고 있는 만큼 산림분야 개발수요가 큰 키르기스스탄과 타지키스탄을 대상으로 정치 외교 경제현황, 공적개발원조(ODA) 현황 및 국가발전전략을 조사하고 특히, 산림현황, 산림제도 및 정책을 분석하여 산림부문 한국의 대(對) 키르기스스탄 및 타지키스탄 국가협력전략(CPSF, Country Partnership Strategy for Forestry)을 제시하였다. 산림부분 협력 전략으로 키르기스스탄은 '호두나무 천연림을 활용한 생태관광사업', 타지키스탄은 '훼손된 투가이(tugai) 지역의 산림복구 및 연료재 확보 사업'을 제안한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2018

The study investigates the factors that affect Kyrgyzstan's bilateral trade flows with its main trading partners and attempts to predict trade potential for Kyrgyzstan. Using panel data, the gravity model is applied to estimate Kyrgyzstan's trade from 2000 to 2016 for its 35 main trading partners. The coefficients derived from the gravity-model estimation are then used to predict trade potential for Kyrgyzstan. Results proved to be successful and explained 63% of the fluctuations in Kyrgyzstan's trade. According to the results, Kyrgyzstan's and its partners' GDP have a positive effect on trade, while distance and partners' population prove to have a negative effect. Predicted trade potential reveals that neighboring countries (China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan) and Russia still have a significant trade potential. Kyrgyzstan, being a less developed economy, even by Central Asia standards, can only achieve its goals of reducing poverty and becoming more developed by increasing its overall trade with the rest of the world. Therefore, it is essential to study the main determinants of Kyrgyzstan's bilateral trade. In this way, we can help policy makers formulate policies to expand Kyrgyzstan's trade. This study is the first attempt to apply to the gravity model to Kyrgyzstan in an attempt to predict trade potential.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.27-52
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• 2011

키르기스스탄은 다자간 안보시스템에 의존한 군사안보 확보와 등거리 외교를 통한 국가안보를 국가정책의 주요 목표로 두고 추진하고 있다. 부연하자면, 중앙아시아의 소국으로서 자주권의 확립과 국가발전이라는 과제를 추진하기 위하여 나름의 군사안보정책을 통하여 해결점을 찾으려 한다는 것이다. 그러나 한 국가가 단순히 외교와 외부의 안보시스템에 의존하여 국가의 자주성과 발전을 담보할 수는 없을 것이다. 이 논문에서는 키르기스스탄의 국방력과 군사력을 해부해 봄으로써 키르기스스탄이 최소한의 자위적 차원의 국방력을 가지고 있는가를 살펴보는 것과 국방력 증강에 대한 가능성을 살펴보는 것이 중요하다고 본다. 해양세력과 대륙세력, 그 양대 세력의 신-그레이트 게임속에서 등거리외교와 다자간 안보협력기구를 통하여 국가자주성을 확보해 나가는 균형 외교전략의 한계와 미래를 살펴봄으로서 앞으로의 키르기스스탄 독립과 자주 문제를 파악, 예측 해 보는 것이 본 논문의 목적이다.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2016

This article examines the nature of geopolitics and its impact on the international political economy of Eurasia/Silk Road. The research questions are exploratory and aim at revealing the differing geopolitical perceptions of the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the former Soviet Central Asian countries-Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan-within the context of an emerging "New Silk Road". Consequently, the main goal of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of what factors constrain and shape Silk Road initiatives in Eurasia. To this end, the article focuses on geopolitics and regional integration theories through a consideration of the Silk Road initiatives of a number of Eurasian countries.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3777-3783
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer, and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components in Asia in 2012. Materials and Methods: This ecological study wa conducted based on GLOBOCAN project of WHO for Asian countries. We assessed the correlations between standardized incidence rates (SIR) and standardized mortality rates (SMR) of stomach Cancer with HDI and its components using SPSS18. Results: A total of 696,231 cases (68.7% in males and 31.3% in females, ratio of 2.19:1) and 524,465 deaths (67.1% in men and 33.0% in women, ratio 2.03:1) were included in 2012. Five countries with the highest SIR of stomach cancer were Republic Korea, Mongolia, Japan, China and Tajikistan. Five countries with the highest SMR of stomach cancer were Mongolia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and China. Correlation between HDI and SIR was 0.241 (p = 0.106), in men 0.236 (p = 0.114) and in women -0.250 (p = 0.094). Also between HDI and SMR -0.250 (p = 0.871) in men -0.018 (p = 0.903) and in women -0.014 (p = 0.927). Conclusions: No significant correlation was observed between the SIR of stomach cancer, and the HDI and its dimensions, such as life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and income level of the population.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2022

Purpose - The main research goals by macroeconomic analysis is to assess the effectiveness of state regulation, the sustainability of development, and the financial stability of the state. Research design, Data, and methodology - The research were analyzed using the methods of multivariate statistics and application of the software package Stat graphics. The volume of data from the 1995 to the 2021 was analyzed by Russian Federation. The scale of research on Belarus: to be analyzed the amount of data from the 2015 by 2021, on Kazakhstan - from the 19941, on Kyrgyzstan - from the 2002, on Tajikistan - from the 2008, on Armenia - from the 2021, on Japan - since the 1970, on China - since the 1950, on South Korea - since the 1953. Result - The methods of multivariate statistics was demonstrated exact of result in forecasting of macroeconomic indicators. The most of tendency with the accurate results of are described using the second-degree polynomials. In the most research of country there are the macroeconomic proportion are broken. Conclusion - In the countries studied, the monetary aggregates have a significant growth rate. The shares with a substantial monetary stock and the speed of its growth are divided in the two groups: having placements in the real sectors of the economy and not having received the same result of development from the growth of the monetary stock.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.107-127
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 몽골, 카자흐스탄, 우즈베키스탄, 키르기스스탄, 타자가스탄, 투르크메니스탄 등 중앙아시아 의 FDI 결정적 요인들에 대해 실증분석을 통해 이를 확인하고자 한다. 1993년~2013년까지 자료를 사용하여, GDP, 총 자본형성, 임금, 노동인구, 무역개방도, 사회간접자본, 부존자원 등의 변수를 중심으로 실증분석을 실시한 결과 총 자본형성, 무역개방도, 정치안정성 변수들은 FDI 유입에 중요한 결정요인이며, 반면에 GDP, 임금, 노동인구, 사회간접자본, 부존자원 변수가 유의하지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 실증연구를 바탕으로 지속적인 경제성장을 위한 FDI 유입을 촉진하기 위해서는 먼저 정치적 안정성과 투명성을 확보해야 하며, 관련 인프라 구축에 정책의 우선순위를 두며, 기술학교 설립 등을 통한 고급인력 양성에 주력해야 할 것이다.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to analyze indicators characterizing the monetary turnover and its determining factors. Also this paper looked at the evolution of monetary aggregates of the Russian Federation, Australian, Sweden, Denmark, countries of CIS at the present stage of development and in the historical context. Research design, data, and methodology - The scale of research on Russia: to be analyzed the amount of data from the 2011 by 2016. In the historical context of the estimated data in the 1900-2011. On Belarus - the 2007-2017, on Tajikistan - the 2000 - 2017, on Kazakhstan - the 2000-2017, on Kyrgyzstan - the 2000-2017, on Australian - the 1959-2017, on Sweden - the 2009-2017, on Denmark - the 1999-2017. Results - Hypothesis 1. In Russian Federation the monetary stock has the steady tendency to growth. The dynamics of money supply in Russia is largely determined by historical events. Hypothesis 2. The dynamics of money supply the leading countries-partners has the tendency to grow. The monetary amount of countries-partners are analyzed is largely determined by external debt, GDP, the exports, the imports, the international reserves. Conclusions - The dynamics of monetary stock of Russia is determined by the historical events in many respects. The Russian Federation maintains a steady and the liquid economic position in the case of considerable amount of monetary stock and the high degree of its surplus. In most of the countries studied, the monetary supply has a significant volume exceeding the needs of the economy. If the distribution of monetary mass is adequate and there is a vertical of financial control, this will not have a negative impact on the country's economic stability and the development.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.13-48
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• 2019

Purpose - This study is to analyze the monetary indicators and the key macroeconomic indicators and to assess the effectiveness of state regulation on its basis. The analysis of monetary aggregates of Russian Federation, CIS, the countries of leading countries of North-East Asia at the present stage of development. Research design and methodology - The volume of data on Russia was analyzed from the 1995 to the 2018. The data from the 1950 to the 2019 were estimated on China. The data from the 1980 to the 2018 were estimated on Japan. On South Korea - since the 1960 to the 2018. On Republic of Belarus - since the 2003 to the 2018. On Tajikistan - from the 2008 to 2017. On Kazakhstan - from the 1994 to the 2018. On Kyrgyzstan - from the 2002 to the 2018. On Armenia - from the 2003 to the 2018. Results - Hypothesis 1: In Russian Federation, the monetary stock has a stable tendency to grow. The volume of money stock of Russia and the analyzed countries is much determined by external debt, GDP, the export, the import, and the international reserves. Hypothesis 2: The growth of money supply does not always give a positive effect in the development of the country, as well as a significant increase in the amount of money stock does not always lead to negative consequences. The monetary stock should be commensurate with the macroeconomic indicators of the state. Conclusions - The growth of the monetary stock does not always give a positive effect in the development of the country, as well as a significant increase in the amount of monetary stock not always lead to negative consequences.

• 복식
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2003

The style of different styles of clothing have been developed by not only the natural environment and social effects. but also by various variables such as the peculiar cultures and religions of different ethnic groups. It is naturally accepted without question that the origin of trousers was derived from the Skytie race in the modern style of dress. And the style of those trousers has changed and developed throughout a long history in different environments and surroundings. As part of the research of the process in this styles of clothing, it is essential to know how the fabric of trousers has been developed and how the styles have been changed because of different weather conditions and different religions. Nowadays, Eurasian countries was scattered from western and eastern Asian countries to middle Asian countries such as Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Iran and China. These countries are located on the way to the Silk Road. They are fully developed in a cultural area among the different religions. In terms of cultural aspects within the different religions, men's trousers had developed the traditional style of this dress as one of the importnat items on the cultural basis. The ranges and types of these traditional trousers are divided by the regions, such as west and southern Asia, central Asia and China. Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey. Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Israel was a part of the west and southern Asian countries which were located between western countries and eastern countries. This tribes wore Shalwar trousers which is a wide style of trousers. Shalwar in the western and eastern Asian region has a specific feature by the each nation but has the same distinctions such as by using very wide and loose style and tying a fine thread around the waist. Some central Asian countries consisted of part of China, Turkmenistan. the Republic of Tajikistan. the Republic of Kyrgyzstan and the Republic of Afganistan. These style of trousers are compound types which appeared with mixing Draperian Greek culture. So it can be inferred from this data that the horse-riding nomadic trousers which had been handed down from Skytie tribe through Persia. The style of the trousers in those regions has small pieces. The style of the trousers in China, which is located on the way to the far eastern countries, has developed new trousers put together two pieces of the textile. These widen trousers can be worn by using a sash belt. So we can find out that those trousers of countries which mentioned above have a common point and a rule.