• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.290-293
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• 2000

The main grape producing regions in Korea were surveyed for the occurrence and relative incidence of crown gall disease on grapevine. The results of the survey showed that the disease tended to affect tetraploid cultivars, which produce a large and sweet fruit but are very weak to cold weather. Incidence of crown gall disease was high on the tetraploid cultivars, Kyoho (Gerbong), Daebong, and Black Olympia while it was low on the diploid cultivars, Cambell Early and Sheridan. The disease incidence was very high on Anseong, Cheonan, and Chincheon, where the major growing areas of tetraploid cultivars and grapevines were burried in the winter to protect from freeze injury, whereas it was low in Yungdong, Kimcheon, and Nonsan. Crown gall disease did not increased with grapevine age on both Cambell Early and Kyoho. It remained low in Cambell Early, but high for all ages on Kyoho, Galls were found on the crown region and mid part of the trunk, but more galls were on small branches and canes on Kyoho grapevines. More than one third of ZKyoho grapevines inspected had galls on multiple locations on grapevines. On Kyoho, 56.3% of the galls covered more than 50% of the crown gall disease affects severely on the cultivar.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2018

여름철 고온으로 인해 '거봉' 포도의 착색 불량이 나타나는 원인을 안토시아닌 조성의 변화로부터 구명하기 위해 본 실험을 수행하였으며, 같은 대립계 포도 품종인 '흑보석'의 과실 품질과 안토시아닌의 변화를 함께 비교하였다. 착색 초기부터 30일 동안의 고온 처리에 의해 '거봉'과 '흑보석' 모두에서 과피의 착색이 감소하였지만, '흑보석'은 온도 처리의 종료 이후 안토시아닌 함량이 대조구의 수준으로 증가하였고, '거봉'은 착색이 정지된 상태로 안토시아닌 함량이 증가하지 못했다. 고온에 의해 '거봉'의 안토시아니딘은 Mal, Del, Pet의 순으로 크게 감소하였으며, 개별 성분으로는 diglucoside 및 Malacylated 형태가 가장 크게 감소하였다. 안토시아닌의 형태별 함량을 비교한 결과, '거봉' 과피에서 고온에 의해 acylated 형태가 non-acylated 형태에 비해서 더 크게 감소하였고, B ring의 tri-hydroxylated 형태가 di-hydroxylated 형태보다 더 큰 비율로 감소하였다. '거봉'에서 모든 그룹의 안토시아닌 함량이 총 안토시아닌과 비슷한 경향으로 감소하였고, '흑보석'에서는 모든 그룹의 합성이 고온에 의해 억제되었다가 온도 처리가 종료된 이후 대조구의 수준으로 회복되었다. 따라서 착색 초기의 고온에 의한 '거봉'의 착색 불량은 특정 안토시아닌의 감소에 의한 것이 아니라, 전체적인 안토시아닌의 생합성 자체가 고온에 의해 억제되었기 때문으로 판단되었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.327-330
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• 2003

We analyzed and compared profiles of flavonols extracted from leaves and exocarps of the grape Kyoho by TLC, HPLC and UV spectrophotometry. In the exocarps, quercetin 3-O-glucoside was the main compound while isorhamnetin 3-O-glycoside (I) was present in minor amounts. In leaves, on the other hand, quercetin 3-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-glucronide were the major compounds while isorhamnetin 3-O-glycoside (II) and kaempferol 3, 7-O-diglycoside were present in minor amounts.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

A significant difference in table grape quality was found between harvest seasons, producers and cultivars. In general, 'Kyoho' grapes showed much greater difference in fruit quality than 'Campbell Early'. The ratio of 'Campbell Early' grapes with poor quality (below quality standard within grades), was higher in fruit harvested early in the season, mainly because of immature fruit harvest. In 'Kyoho', poor quality of fruit seemed to be derived from the deviation of cultural practice between producers. Major factors responsible for poor quality in both cultivars includes harvest of unripe cluster, poor sorting and grading, berry abscission, and poor coloration. It is recommended to introduce a new quality standards considering the market condition in 'Kyoho' or a fresh-cut technology of grape berries for niche market.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회:발표눈문요지록
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• pp.90-90
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• 2002

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내에서 재배중인 '개량머루', '거봉', '홍이슬' 품종의 anthocyanin 조성을 UPLC-ESI-MS/MS를 이용하여 조사하였다. '개량머루'는 착색에 불량하게 작용하는 기상 조건에서도 착색이 우수한 흑포도 품종이고, '거봉'과 '홍이슬'은 교잡종 포도로 각각 검정색과 분홍색 과피를 갖고 있다. 과피에서 추출된 anthocyanin의 조성은 UPLC-ESI-MS/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 각 품종에서 검출된 anthocyanin은 '개량머루'와 '거봉'에서는 각각 25가지, '홍이슬'에서는 21가지였고, 각 품종에서 검출량이 많았던 anthocyanin은 8(개량머루), 15(거봉), 5(홍이슬)가지였다. 세 품종 모두 mono-glucoside가 di-glucoside보다 많았으며, '개량머루'와 '거봉'은 malvidin이 많았던 반면, '홍이슬'은 cyanidin이 가장 많았다. '개량머루'는 acylated anthocyanin(2.0%)은 거의 존재하지 않았고 '거봉'과 '홍이슬'에서는 p-coumaric acid의 acylation이 가장 많았다. Cyanidin feruloyl glucoside가 '홍이슬'에서만 검출되어 품종 지표로 활용이 가능하였다. 결론적으로 anthocyanin의 조성을 anthocyanidin, 결합된 당의 개수, acylation 및 특정 anthocyanin을 기준으로 분류하여 품종의 특징이 확인되었다. 이러한 품종별 anthocyanin 특성을 이용하여 '개량머루'가 Vitis amurensis 혹은 그 교잡종의 가능성과 '홍이슬'에서 품종 구별의 기준으로 활용 가능성이 확인되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2000

Storage life of grape cultivars including Kyoho(Inzuka), which were imported from Japan and are cultivated after adoption as farming application, were examined. The stu요 was accomplished with grapes packed by PE film under storage temperature $0^{\circ}C$ and humidity 90%RH loss of weight, Weight loss and occurrence of abnormal fruit increased in proportion to storage days. Abnormal fruits of Kyoho(izuka), North Black , and Seto giants increased rapidly after 60 days of storage, resulting in slight deterioration of commercial value. Similarly, this phenomenon of Campbell early , Takasumi , and Aki Queen occurred after 70 days of storage. External appearance decreased rapidly after 60 days of storage, resulting in 7.0 index of Takatsuma and Aki Queen , 3.0-3.6 of North Black and Seto Giants, and 5.0 of Campbell Early, kyoho (izuka0, and takasumi after 80 days of storage. Soluble solide content and titratable acidity showed a trend to be decreased with lapse of storage. Sugar/acid ratio shwoed much fluctuation between different grapes. Possible storage days, in view of more 70% merchandise berry ratio, were 90 days of Takatsuma and Aki Queen , 70 days of Campbell Early, 60 days of Takasumi , kyoho(Iizuka), and Seto giants, below 60 days of North Black.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

Low temperature is one of the major environmental factors that affect productivity including reduced growth and budding of vines, and changes of metabolic processes in grape (Vitis spp.). To screen the specific expression of abiotic stress-related genes against cold treatment in 'Kyoho' and 'Campbell Early' grapevines, expression of various defense-related genes was investigated by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Among the 67 genes analyzed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR, 17 and 16 types of cDNA were up-regulated, while 5 and 6 types were down-regulated in cold-treated 'Kyoho' and 'Campbell Early' grapevines, respectively. Genes encoding carotene (Cart3564 and Cart4472), chalcone isomerase (CHI), cytochrome P450 (CYP), flavonol synthase (FLS), endo-${\beta}$-glucanase precursor (Glu), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), leucine-rich repeats (LRR), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP), proline rich protein 2 (PRP2), small heat shock protein (sHSP), temperature induced lipocalin (TIL), and thaumatin-like protein (TLP) were up-regulated, while those encoding CBF like transcription factor (CBF1), chitinase-like protein (CLP), cold induced protein (CIP), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were down-regulated by low temperature treatment in both in 'Kyoho' and 'Campbell Early'.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2009

Three kinds of grape yakju (Kyoho, Campbell and Moru) and grape-free control were fermented with rice using koji of Aspergillus kawachii as a fermenting agent, and their fermentation characteristics were investigated. For the three yakju, reducing sugar content decreased slowly over 2 days fermentation after an initial rapid decrease. In case of Brix, the reducing sugar content increased gradually after increasing rapidly during the first 2 days of fermentation. The Kyoho and Moru groups displayed a gradual increase in reducing sugar content after an initial 2-day decrease, and the sugar content of the Campbell group increased gradually during fermentation. Uniformly, pH increased gradually after an initial 2-day decrease, however total acid increased continuously throughout fermentation. Alcohol content of yakju showed almost no change after increasing until day 6 (Kyoho) of day 4 (others), with the control displaying the highest content. Control $\alpha$-amylase activity decreased gradually after an initial 2-day increase, while that of the three yakju decreased throughout fermentation. Activities of $\beta$-amylase activities paralleled the results of reducing sugar. Concerning total anthocyanin, the Moru and Campbell groups displayed a rapid increase until day 2, a decrease until day 12, and a gradual increase thereafter. While the Kyoho and control groups displayed virtually no change after an initial 2-day increase until day 12, after which a gradual increase also occurred. In concerning sensory evaluation, Moru yakju scored highest for violetness, flavor of grape, and sweet taste, and also displayed a low alcohol content. These attributed Moru yakju the preferred choice.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.782-788
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• 2010

Detail management standard on soil conditions in 'Kyoho' grapes were not yet made. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the optimum soil environmental conditions on production of high fruit quality in 'Kyoho' grapes. We established using correlation between fruit quality and soil condition. These results were used to develop soil management guideline with promoting efficiency and minuteness in grape vineyard. Soil conditions were analyzed at total 80 vineyards in major grape producing areas such as Ansung, and Cheonan (40 orchards an area). The soil environmental factors affected fruit weight were soil pH of 36.6%, cultivation layer depth of 23.3%, and cation of 17.8%. The soil condition factors affected sugar content were soil hardness of 24.4%, cation of 24.1% and organic matter content of 22.1%. Cultivation layer depth, soil texture, and phosphate content were low as relative contribution. Coloring was involved with organic matter content, CEC (cation exchange capacity), and saturated hydraulic conductivity. while soil pH, cultivation layer depth, and phosphate content showed low contribution. Finally, relative contribution on fruit quality related with sugar content, fruit weight, and coloring were soil hardness of 28.0%, organic matter content of 25.0%, soil pH of 12.9%.