• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.23
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• pp.151-168
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to examine all kinds of Kwanmo of Kokuryo. The results are as follows . There are nine kinds of Kwanmo in Kokuryo : Kun(건), Chaik ( 책), Jeolpoong(절풍), Sogol (소골), Jowookwan (조익관), Rakwan (라관), Kagkwan(각관), Rip(립) and Jumdongkwan (금동관), Kun(건) is a piece of cloth which covers hair. There are two types of kun(건) : Hari band type and entire head cover type. Chaik(책) was originated in China , but people of Kokuryo didn't wore chinese Chaik (책) as it was. They created unique shape of their own. Jeolpoong (절풍) is the cone-shaped knwanmo which is chiefly made of leather. In the early period it was worn by the nobility , but gradually trickcled down common people's Kwanmo. Sogol(소골) is the cone -shaped Kwanmo which is made of silk and decorated with gold and silver. Only the nobility wore it, Jowookwan(조익관) is the knwanmo decorated with natural bird feather or metallic feather. Mainly it was worn by the nobility in hunting , Besides, worriors, diplomats, dancers and musicians wore it. Rakwan (나관) was worn by the highest class. There were three kinds of Rakwan (나관) : Baekrakwan(백나관). Cheongrakwan (청나관) and Birakwan (비나관). The king of Kokuryo wore BAekrakwan (백나관). It was simlar ini shape to chines Mookwan (무관). Kagkwan (각관) was the kwanmo unique to Kokuryo. It was used by the nobility . Rip (립)was originated on purpose to protect people form the sunshine or rain. There were two kinds of Rip(립) ; Bangrip (방립) and Pyungyangja(평량자). The former was used by the nobility, the lattr was used by common people in hunting . The Kwanmo which was decorated with gold and silver developed into Kumdongkwan(금동관). The Kwanmo which is similar to Kumkwan (금관) of Baekje and Shilla has been shown in Kaimachong (가마총) 무 dJumdongkwan(금동관) was excavated in the ancient tombs of Kokuryo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.65-77
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• 2014

This paper is on the reproduction of kwanmo, which is worn by the dancers in Taepyeongjiak at the National Classical Music Institute, focusing on Jinhyunkwan, Pybyun, Buyongkwan. Taepyeongjiak is a performance of the court banquet called Hoeryeyeon held during the 15th year of Sejong'reign(1433). The Hoeryeyeon performances were held on January 1st and December 22nd, to strengthen the good relationship between the King and his officials. The reproduction of kwanmo worn by the dancers was reproduced for the modern performances on the basis of the literature and relic research. The results of the study are as follows. Jinhyunkwan is the kwanmo that is associated with the literature and it comes from an old Chipokwan, is confirm that liang(梁) of Chipokwan's characteristic vanished. Pybyun is kwanmo which is associated with the military, comes from Jeolpung. The incision line was formed to make the corn shape, and this became the liang(梁). Buyongkwan is corolla adorned with lotus, and is highlighted with colored string of beads. Unlike other corollas, its gilt lotus was adorned with purple-yellow braids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.155-170
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• 2001

This study is about investigation of the historical value of Wanghoido(王會圖) and Bungekipjodo(蕃客入朝圖) and examination of the costumes of the Envoys from the Three Kingdoms drawn in the paintings above. Wanghoido(王會圖) is presumed to be painted around early 7th century. This is a colored picture on silk on which twenty-six Envoys from twenty-four Kingdoms are painted. Bungekipjodo(蕃客入朝圖) is presumed to be painted in the early 10th century. This is drawn on paper with only black brush line, no color. There are thirty-five Envoys from thirty-one Kingdoms in the painting. Wanghoido(王會圖) and Bungekipjodo(蕃客入朝圖) are the important materials which are useful to understand the original Liangjlkgongdo(梁職貢圖). From the records about interchange of the Envoys in the early 6th century, the characters and costumes painted in Wanghoido(王會圖) and Bungekipjodo(蕃客入朝圖), the copy of the original Liangjikgongdo(梁職貢圖), get the reality. The Envoys from Koguryo(高句麗), Paekche(百濟), and Shilla(新羅) painted in the two paintings above are all wearing Jangyu or Yu(장유 or 유; an upper garment), Go(袴:trousers), Kwanmo(冠帽:headdress), Dae(帶뿔:belt), and Hwa(靴:shoes). But they differ in some aspects. For example, the shape of the Kwanmo(冠帽), hair style and patterns on the costumes, etc.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.185-200
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• 1998

The eldest son of the crown prince is very important social status next to the crown prince deciding fundamentals of a state in Chosun dynasty which laying stress royal authority. Accordingly, Chakbong(冊封) of the eldest son of the crown prince has been done independently like as Chakrei(冊禮) of the crown prince. The existig record of Chakrei(冊禮) of the eldest son of the crown prince. The existing record of Charkrei(冊禮) of the eldest son of the crown prince are Hyunjongwangseon(顯宗王世孫), Euisoseson(懿昭世孫), Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫), Hungjongwangseson(憲宗王世孫) of 4 books for Chakreidogameuigue(冊禮都監儀軌) being preserved in Kyujangkak(奎章閣). The transition of classified clothes are stated on Wangse sonchakreidogameuiguebanchado(王世孫冊禮都監儀軌班次圖) for Chakrei(冊禮) of the eldest son of the crown prince. Its details are as below. Finally, there is no changes in constitution of the costume of the eldest son of the crown prince Chakrei(冊禮) called as Ssanggodong(雙童髮)·Gongjungchak(空頂 )·Ojangbok(五章服) on documentary records depsitefo no explanation of Banchado(班次圖). Secondly, The classified clothes of the eldes sion of the crown prince Hcakreibanchado(冊禮班次圖) are on . We have acknowledged that Kwanmo(冠帽) of Dangbukwanwon(堂部官院) has been changed from Heugrib(黑笠) to Samo(紗帽) since Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫), Euibok(衣服) from Chungpo(靑袍) to Nokdanryung(綠團領), the costume of Euijangsu(儀仗手) from Chunggun(靑巾) to Whangchorib(黃草笠) and changed again to Hongpimoja(紅皮帽子), Chungeui(靑衣) changed to Hongeui(紅衣). Also we know that Kwanmo(冠帽) of Kyogun(轎軍) has been changed to Pimoja(皮帽子) with high top, Chungeui(靑衣) changed to Hongeui(紅衣). The costume of Byulgam(別監) has been changed from Nokgun(綠巾) to Jogun( 巾), Nokpo(綠袍) changed to Pimoja(皮帽子) with high top, Chungeui(靑衣) changed to Hongeui(紅衣). The costume of Byulgam(別監) has been changed from Nokgun(綠巾) to Jogun( 巾), Nokpo(綠袍) changed to Hongpo(紅袍), that of Suri(書吏) changed from Chungeui(靑衣) to Huekeui(黑衣). Accordingly, the transition of costume color to red stands for the briliance. Thirdly, regarding the constitution of the eldest son of the crown prince Chakrei(冊禮), that of Euisoseson(懿昭世孫) & Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫) are same for Unggolta(態骨朶), Youngjagi(令字旗), Keumdungja(金 子), Eundungja(銀 子), Mojul( 節), Jaksun(雀扇), Chungkae(靑蓋), Chungyangsol(靑陽率). In case of Hunjongseson(懿昭世孫), Baktakgi(白澤旗) is added. On Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫), Chungilsol(靑日率) and Kiringi(麒麟旗) are added. However, we know that the constitution of the eldestson of the crown prince Hunjong(憲宗) Chakrei(冊禮) is quite different that of previous constitution. i.e. : Hongae(紅蓋), Baktakgi(白澤旗), Samkaggi(三角旗), Kagdangi(角端旗), Byukbonggi(碧鳳旗), Jujakgi(朱雀旗), Kuemdungja(金 子), Eundungja(銀 子), Eunribgwa(銀立瓜), Kuemhwanggwa(金 瓜), Eunhwhanggwa(銀 瓜), Kuemwolbu(金鉞斧), Bongsun(鳳扇), Huegkae(黑蓋). Also the kinds of Eujanggi(儀仗旗) are various which are similar to the constitution of The Crown Prince(世子) Chakrei(冊禮).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.123-133
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to scrutinize acceptance intentions of Korean users and influences of information security related factors on mobile payment services based on biometric authentication methods, like finger print authentication or face recognition authentication, by focusing on ApplePay. Unlike previous studies on user acceptance of mobile payment which lack considerations on information security related factors, this study employs the UTAUT with detailed information security factors to create a research model and PLS(Partial Least Squares) method to analyze the model. Based on the analysis, gaining trust on service through company's efforts on information protection, personal characteristics and trust on applied security technologies are important factors to Korean users along with social awareness and service infrastructures. The result of this study would be helpful to companies or organizations, which provide biometric-based mobile payment services, to understand needs of Korean consumers. Based on this study, further analysis is expected to find impacts of user experiences on same company's or competitors' products to acceptance intentions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.355-366
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of water quality and the patterns of self-purification with season in Gokneung stream. The vegetation in the ecosystem around Gokneung stream was dominated by Quercus species. In the physicochemical analysis based on the contents of DO, BOD, conductivity and total phosphorus, the upstream seemed to have been polluted, but the downstream was self-purified. In biological investigation by bentic macroinvertebrates, the result was similar to that in the physicochemical analysis. The self-purification constant based on BOD of the upstream, 1.013, was the highest. In the self-purification constants with month, that of September was 0.995 and that of January was 0.272. These results indicated that the self purification capacities of spring and autumn were larger than those of winter and summer in Gokneung stream.