• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2020

연속형 분포로부터 얻은 독립적인 p값들을 통합하는 Fisher의 고전적인 방법은 널리 사용되고 있지만 이산형 확률분포로부터 얻은 p값들을 통합하기에는 적절하지 않다. 대신에 유사 Fisher의 통합방법이 이산형 확률분포의 p값들을 통합하는 대안으로 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 첫째, 여러 표본들의 위치검정(Fisher-Pitman 검정과 Kruskal-Wallis 검정) 데이터와 관련된 이산형 확률분포로 부터 퍼뮤테이션 방법에 의해 p값들을 구하고, 둘째로 이 p값들을 유사 Fisher의 통합방법을 이용하여 통합한다. 그리고 Fisher의 고전적인 방법과 유사 Fisher의 통합방법의 결과를 비교한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2000

To assess the relationship between the severity of stenosis in MCA territory and the differentiation of syndromes in oriental medical aspects, the general characteristics, the scores of stroke-pattern identification, and the findings of MRA were compared in 18 acute cerebral infarction patientshospitalized in Dept. of Internal Medicine, Pundang CHA Oriental Medicine Hospital from 1998 sep. 1 to 1999 sep. 31. We compared the scores of stroke-pattern identification with the severity of stenosis by Kruskall-Wallis test, and analyzed the relationship by Pearson correlation test. The P value under 0.05 was regarded as significant. The results are as follows: The incidence of stenosis(mild to complete occlusion) was 83.3%. There were significant difference of the mean scores according to the severity of stenosis in Yin deficiency pattern. We could also observe a strong relationship between the severity of stenosis and Yin deficiency pattern, whose Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.655 (P<0.05). These results showed that Yin deficiency pattern could be a major cause of cerebral infarction.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 구강스캐너를 이용하여 제작된 임플란트 수술용 형판의 무치악 거리에 따른 정확성을 비교하는 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 방사선불투과성 아크릴 레진을 이용하여 상악 좌우 제2소구치, 제1대구치, 제2대구치 부위를 치아상실 상태로 5개의 상악 모형을 제작하고 각각의 모형을 구강스캐너를 이용하여 가상 모형을 획득하였다. 모형의 술전 CT DICOM file과 가상의 모형을 중첩 후 치아 상실 부위에 임플란트 식립을 계획하였고 제작된 수술용 형판을 이용하여 임플란트 식립 후 술후 CT 촬영을 시행하였다. 술전 CT와 술후 CT를 software상에서 중첩 후 X, Y, Z축을 이용하여 임플란트의 platform과 apex 부위에서, 계획된 임플란트와 실제 식립된 임플란트의 거리 및 각 오차를 측정하고 Kruskall-Wallis test와 Mann-Whitney test를 사용하여 통계분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 임플란트 식립 각도 오차는 제2소구치에서 제2대구치로 갈수록 커졌으나 통계적 차이를 보이지 않았고 platform 부위와 apex부위에서의 식립 거리 오차 또한 제2소구치에서 제2대구치로 갈수록 커지나 제2대구치에서는 통계적으로 유의성 있는 큰 오차를 보였다. 결론: 임플란트 식립 각도에서는 계획된 임플란트와 식립된 임플란트간 통계적 차이는 없었으나 platform과 apex 부위에서의 식립 거리는 제2대구치 부위의 임플란트에서 더 큰 오차를 보였으며 통계적으로 유의할 만한 차이를 보였다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in vaccination status and awareness between influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations in the elderly. Methods: This cross-sectional study was used with a questionnaire. Data were collected from 107 older people over 65 years registered at one community center in December, 2012. The data were analysed with Chi-square, Fisher's exact-test, Wilcoxon Signed rank sum test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskall-Wallis test. Results: There were significant differences in the experiences of vaccination and reason for unvaccination by vaccine types. The mean scores for awareness of vaccination were 1.81 (range 0~3) in influenza and 1.50 in pneumococcus (range 0~3). There was a significant difference in awareness by vaccine types (Z=6.12, p<.001). There was a positive association between influenza and pneumococcal vaccination awareness (rho=.236, p=.014). Conclusion: This study showed different vaccination status and awareness in vaccine types. It is necessary to consider vaccination status and awareness by vaccine types of the target population in the education program related to vaccination.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between response to violence, resilience and burnout and to investigate the factors that affect burnout in emergency room nurses. Methods: Data from 237 nurses in 15 emergency rooms were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0, and the analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA, Kruskall Wallis test, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Burnout was positively correlated with response to violence and negatively correlated with resilience in emergency room nurses. Response to violence (${\beta}=.466$, p<.001), resilience (${\beta}=-.308$, p<.001), and religion (${\beta}=-.131$, p=.011) were significant predictors of burnout, and they explained 39.9% of emergency room nurses' burnout. Conclusion: Response to violence and resilience were identified as significant factors affecting burnout in emergency room nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies to cope effectively with violence and to develop programs that can strengthen resilience.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.353-359
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of Leukotriene B4 in relation to the clinical symptom of pulpitis in human dental pulp. Pulps obtained from 3 groups of teeth: normal uniflamed teeth(N=22), asymptomatic teeth with deep caries or large restorations(N = 21) and symptomatic teeth with the clinical diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis(N = 15). Pulps were dissected from normal un inflamed teeth and extirpated from asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth during routine endodontic treatment and stored in liquid nitrogen ($-70^{\circ}C$). The levels of Leukotriene B4 in individual or pooled pulps were measured by radioimmunoassay and the mean levels of each group were compared statistically(Kruskall-Wallis oneway ANOVA test). The results were as followings : 1. In normal pulp, low levels of Leukotriene B4 were measured. 2. In pulps from asymptomatic and symptomatic teeth had significantly higher levels of Leukotriene B4 than normal pulps(p<0.01). 3. The levels of Leukotriene B4 in pulps from symptomatic teeth were significantly higher than those of pulps from asymptomatic teeth(p<0.01). These results suggest that Leukotriene B4 play a cretain role in inflammatory process of dental pulp and have a relationship with clinical symptoms of pulpitis.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to appraise the some mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate based denture base resin polymerized by copolymerization mechanism, and to investigate the cytotoxic effect of these copolymer resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) were added to monomers of conventional heat polymerized and injection-molded poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin contents of 2%, 3%, and 5% by volume and polymerization was carried out. Three-point bending test was performed to detect flexural strength and the elasticity modulus of the resins. To determine the statistical differences between the study groups, the Kruskall-Wallis test was performed. Then pairwise comparisons were performed between significant groups by Mann-Whitney U test. Agar-overlay test was performed to determine cytotoxic effect of copolymer resins. Chemical analysis was determined by FTIR spectrum. RESULTS. Synthesis of the copolymer was approved by FTIR spectroscopy. Within the conventional heat-polymerized group maximum transverse strength had been seen in the HEMA 2% concentration; however, when the concentration ratio increased, the strength decreased. In the injection-molded group, maximum transverse strength had been seen in the IBMA 2% concentration; also as the concentration ratio increased, the strength decreased. Only IBMA showed no cytotoxic effect at low concentrations when both two polymerization methods applied while HEMA showed cytotoxic effect in the injection-molded resins. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that IBMA and HEMA may be used in low concentration and at high temperature to obtain non-cytotoxic and durable copolymer structure.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2010

Objective : To evaluate the relationship between the dose of Clodronate and serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), and phosphate (PO4) during orthodontic tooth movement MaterialS and MethodS: A total of 18 sex-matched Wistar rats (weight=180~230g, mean age=8 weeks) were allocated into the 2.5mM Clodronate (2.5C) group, 10mM Clodronate (10C) group, or control group (n=6 for each group). After the application of a nickel-titanium closed coil spring (force of 60g) between the upper central incisors and first molars (UFM), 2.5C, 10C, or saline was injected every third day into the subperiosteum of the alveolar bone adjacent to UFM for the experimental and control groups. The animals were sacrificed 17 days later. Trunk blood was quickly collected into a heparinized tube and centrifuged at 2,000 rpm for 20 min. The plasma was used for the biochemical assays of the serum level of ALP, Ca, and PO4. Kruskall-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction were performed for the statistical analyses. Results : Dose-dependent increase in the level of ALP (P<0.01) and decrease in the level of Ca (P<0.001) were observed among the control, 2.5C, and 10C groups. Although there was no significant difference in PO4 between the 2.5C and 10C groups, the 10C group showed a significantly higher level of PO4 than the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion : Since Clodronate induced significant dose-dependent change in the serum level of ALP, Ca, and PO4 during orthodontic tooth movement, orthodontists should consider these biochemical markers not only as a diagnostic tool for bone turnover rate but also as a monitoring tool for orthodontic tooth movement.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.292-305
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic assessment on the level of health status, and quality of life of the health care beneficiaries registered in health management programs of public health centers. In order to investigate the level of health status and the quality of life and to find factors affecting them, the PRECEDE model, that was developed by Green, et al. for the purpose of a comprehensive diagnostic research, was used. Method: The subjects were 81 residents who resided K-gu, Seoul. Data were collected from September, 1999 to August, 2000 using a self reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Kruskall-Wallis test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. and path analysis. Results: 1. The quality of life and the level of health promoting lifestyle were moderate or more, but were not significantly different by sex, age, marital status, educational level. occupation, and monthly household income. 2. Self-efficacy was significantly correlated to be a perceived benefit, social support and health-promoting lifestyle. Perceived benefit had a significant correlation with social support and health promoting lifestyle. There was also a significant correlation between the level of satisfaction, and the availability of the health promotion program. 3. Social support, health promoting lifestyle, and health status were found to influence the quality of life directly, whereas self efficacy and perceived benefit affected the quality of life indirectly through social support. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the health promotion program should include strategies to strengthen self efficacy and perceived benefit to enhance social support, and to encourage health promoting behaviors in order to improve the quality of life of the health care beneficiary.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.639-645
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• 2007

유전치의 조기상실시 가철성 또는 고정성 공간유지장치의 제작이 필요하며, 보다 심미적인 결과를 얻기 위해서는 자연치아의 색조에 부합하는 레진치의 사용이 요구된다. 현재 가장 많이 사용되는 유치레진치는 Resin Natural $Teeth^{TM}$ (Nissin dental, Japan)로, A형 1번 색조와 A형 2번 색조로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구는 유치레진치의 전치부 색조특성을 이해하고 자연치아와의 색조비교를 위한 기본 자료를 만들기 위한 목적으로, A1 색조군과 A2 색조군의 유치레진치의 상악 4전치부의 순면을 각각 17 set에 대해 치아분광측색장치(spectrophotometer)인 ShadeEye $NCC^{TM}$(Shofu, Japan)로 각 3회씩 측정하여 CIE 표색계의 $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ 값을 구하고 Kruskall-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney U Test를 이용해 95%의 신뢰도(P<0.05)로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. ${\Delta}E$값 및 $L^*$값, $b^*$값의 분포로 볼 때, A1 색조군이 A2 색조군보다 치아위치별 색조차이가 작았다. 각 색조군내에서 $a^*$값의 치아위치별 색조차이는 거의 없었다(P>0.05). 2. A1 및 A2 색조군내에서의 ${\Delta}E$값이 매우 작아(최대 ${\Delta}E{\le}1.23$) 육안으로 그 차이를 구분하기 어려운 것으로 보이며, A1과 A2 색조군의 대표값 간의 ${\Delta}E$값은 3.97로 육안으로 군 간의 차이를 구분할 수 있었다. 3. A1 색조군의 측정평균값은 $L^*=73.8$, $a^*=-1.8$, $b^*=-4.7$이었으며, A2 색조군의 측정평균값은 $L^*=75.8$, $a^*=-2.7$, $b^*=-1.4$이었다. 향후 자연 유전치에 대한 색조특성을 연구하여 본 결과와의 차이점을 비교해 색조적합성이 좋은 레진치의 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.