• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.1 s.41
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• pp.111-122
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• 1992

Studying the dress style of the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy SU WOL KWAN EUM DO (Drawings on the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy who is watching the Moon reflected in the still water), it is composed of a splendid, jewel crown with five colors, a light and flimsy, non-colored veil with many kinds of gold·plated patterns. This gold·plated carapace figures on a scarlet ground are drawn on the veil and the oval-type flower figures mixed with a scarlet lotus blossom ard arranged. An arabesque pattern of BOSANGHWA (an imaginary, Buddhistic flower figure) is mainly used for both line decorations and necklace. Like this, various kinds and types of figures are in harmony in spite of many changes in figure design. The SU WOL KWAN EUM DO in Koryo dynasty is full of colorful, subtle, harmonious figures which are unique style, which cannot be found in japan, China, and so on. In other words, most of most of dress patterns which are shown in SU WOL KWAN EUM DO are China ink paintings with mountains and waters as its setting. In case of color painting, figure designs are seldom used. The dress pattern in SU WOL KWAN EUM DO of koryo dynasty is characteristic of its variety and magnificent colors.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.7
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• pp.57-84
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• 1980

In the study of library history in our country, the history of the Koryo Dynasty is very important. The Pisosong, the first library to be operated by the government, was founded in 995 .A. D. Although research about the Pisosong indicated that it was located outside the palace the author felt that further investigation was needed. Might not the library be located inside the palace\ulcorner For this reason, this study examined 1) the historical background of the Pisosong, 2) changes in its structure and organization, 3) its organization and personnel, 4) its function and, 5) its relation to the Pigak and the Osowon. The findings of this study may be summarized as follows: 1) Pisosong was changed and reorganized 15 times by the end of the Koryo Dynasty. 2) Its functions were keeping official documents and books, buying, exchanging, publishing, editing, revising books, writing official documents for the king and, as a place to discuss ideas and sometimes to deliver lectures to the king. 3) Osowon was another institute which was equivalent in its function and role to the Pisosong. 4) The Pisosong was in all probability located inside the palace because there were very important books in it. It is assumed that its location should be a secure place. Also this would enable the library to be managed more conveniently. 5) The Pigak in the Koryo Dynasty must have been located inside the palace as the Piko in the Sung Dynasty in China was.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.27
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• pp.485-572
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the textual and physical bibliography of these books that were printed from Koryo to Chosun Dynasty and written by the Kukyul system. This study is concerned with the Kukyul written in the transformed Chinese characters which representing their sino-Korean sound values only. The Kukyul is the Korean function word inserted to a written Chinese sentence for an easier understanding of the meaning by the Koreans. Until the present, most of these studies on the Kukyul are mainly concerned with the Korean linguistic characters. But this mentions to present the basic bibliographical information in order to presume the written period of the Kukyul system. 2The analysis of each book is made in the respect of: 1) historical aspect of the book 2) physical form and publishing date 3) transcription period of the Kukyul 4) the category of presenting Kukyul 5) historical change of transcribing Kukyul system The results of the study are as follows : First, the Kukyul system was divided into Sokdok and Sundok Kukyul according to the translation and recording format. Second, the Sokdok Kukyul is a kind of writing system for translated Chinese into Korean. Third, the Sundok Kukyul was frequently used Buddhist publications from later Koryo Dynasty to Middle Chosun period. Fourth, through the analysis of physical bibliography for that books, we rearrange the chronological oder of Sokdok Kukyul system as Hwaum-kyung, Hwaum-kyungSo, Kumkwngmyu ngkyung, Kuyeukinwang-kyung, Yukasajiron. Fifth, the characters of Sundok Kukyul systems were gradually decreased from eighty numbers to fifty numbers. This change is caused by the unification trends of sound value in morphological aspect.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.16
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• pp.33-67
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to analyze the three kinds of recarved books that were Wongak-Techam-Ryakbon, Kumkang-Banyakyung-Uiki, Sung-Yusikron-Sulki. the original edition of these recarved books were published by UiChon in Heungwang Temple with the Continued Edition of Tripitaka in the King Sukjong of the Koryo Dynasty. The continued edition was the collections of various and interpretations of Tripitaka, gathered from Song, Japan and Liao. This continued edition is not a imitation of any others but it is the original product of Koryo. The blocks were carved from the carefully proofread script of Koryo's best calligrapher. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The original edition of the Wongak-Yecham-Ryakbon was published at the third year of Suchang in Heungwang Temple. The names of two calligraphers and three proofreaders are recorded in the last part of the book. 2. The original edition of the Kumkang-Banyakyung-Uiki was also published at the fourth year of Suchang in Heungwang Temple. The publication data are recorded in the last part of the book that the calligrapher was ODaegong and the three proofreaders were Gakji, Jahyun and Dukyeon. 3. The Sung-Yusikron-Sulki is different from other recarved editions in physical format such as number of lines and letters in one printing page. The original edition of this book was published at Kwangkyowon in Kumsan Temple by Hyaedukwangsa. 4. The contents of these recarved editions are recently discovered.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 1993

The "Namul" is a Korean common vegetable food composed of edible young leaves and soft stalks of wild plants or cultivating vegetables and treated with traditional condiments. It has been widely used as not only a regular diet but seasonal foods or special ceremonial foods. In this thesis, the kinds of edible plants for namul were philologically approached by books published in Korea from Koryo to Chosun dynasty. The first historical record about cultivated vegetable as food in Korea was a garlic and a gourd in $\ulcorner$Samkuksaki$\lrcorner$. According to numerous records, edible wild plants might have played an important part as food resources, since they have variable edible portions as famine relief foods. Four kinds of namul were first introduced in Koryo age, but in Chosun dynasty over eighty kinds were recorded. The root of ballonflower and white radish were most commonly used for raw namul and bamboo shoot and squash for boils ones. Most kinds of namul were introduced in $\ulcorner$Zeungtosanrimkwungiae$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Limwonsiprwukji$\lrcorner$ influenced by pragmatism in later half period of Chosun. The chronic state of famine in later half period of Chosun caused to introduce various edible wild vegetables, and had greatly influenced on the Korean people to acquire vegetarian food habits and to favor salty taste. It seems to need a further study on recent nutritional problems including dietary fiber.ary fiber.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 1993

(1) According to the history of three kingdoms, tea was introduced to Korea at the period of Korea at the period of Sun-Duck Queen of Shilla dynasty, and Dae-Ryeom Kim, the emissary, brought tea seeds from Tang China in 828, and sowed them on Mt. Jiri by the order of the King Heung-Duck, Shila. In 1885, The Chosun government took action in transplant 6000 each of tea of tea seeding from Ch'ing. (2) Transmission of schools As for the type of tea through the history of Korea, it could be characterized as cake-tea in the three kingdoms period, lump-tea in Koryo dynasty and leaf-tea in Chosun dynasty. Those were affected by Chinese tea culture. (3) Transfer of tea and tea utensils Kokuryo and Shilla had to import cake-tea from tang China, and Koryo had to import lump-tea from Sung China, and Chosun had to import leaf-tea from ch'ing China. On the other hand, to export various tea to Khitai, Chin, Yuan, and Chosun had to export tea Ch'ing China. And the tea bowl produced in the Sung such as Chien Chou ware and Chi Chou ware, was also introduced to Koryo. (4) Suggestion for the promation of tea industry The Chosun government were adviced to the exchange of Chosun tea for Chosun tea for China horse, by yang Ho, General to the Ming expeditionary forces in Chosun, and were advised to engage in foreign tea trade, by Lee Hong Jyand, minister of commerce for the nothern sea to the Ching.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Koryo Hand Therapy(KHT) on menopausal symptoms and lipid levels in middle-aged women. Methods: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. There were 32 subjects, 40-60 years of age, and assigned to two group. There were 16 members in the experimental group and 16 members in the control group. KHT was applied three times a week, for a total of 8weeks to the experimental group. The instruments used in this study to measure the effects of KHT were the menopausal symptoms scale and clinical laboratory testing(Blood Lipid Levels). Data was analyzed by Fisher's Exact Test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and ANCOVA, using SPSS/Win PC 13.0. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the menopausal symptoms, and levels of the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusions: KHT was effective in decreasing menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. Therefore KHT is recommended as a nursing intervention strategy for middle-aged women.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.185-192
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• 2016

In this paper, I studied about historical seasonal subdivision system and a theory of traditional monthly order, which was used for so long from Koryo dynasty to the late of Choseon dynasty in Korean histoy. Especially, I took note of the fact that there used the table of solar terms and meteorological observation what we called the table of Kihoo-pyo in the historical Sunmyung-calendar and the Soosi-calendar during the Koryo dynasty. This table of Kihoo was developed for explaining meteorological change during a year at that time. Here are largely four elements related meteorological nature : the first is the list of 24 solar terms, and the second is 12 monthly seasonal terms and 12 monthly central terms, the third is about four right hexagon based I-ching, the fourth is 72 meteorological observations called 72-hoo. Among them, the 72-hoo system is important to know how premodern people observed natural materials including animals and plants, weather, climate about meteorological phenomena according to the seasonal change or solar terms' change during a year. I argued in this article to need developing modern new table of Kihoo system like that, in order to show common people to recognize annual meteorological change more easy and clear. I also argued to need a distinct definition of meteorological seasons from a view point of modern meteorology.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.447-488
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• 2002

The annals of the Chosun dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄). on CD-ROM was studied to understand e ceremony and dietary culture of the Chosun dynasty. The Chunshin (薦新) ceremony. the service of offering the first food product of the year to ancestors, was begun in the Song dynasty in China and initiated in the Koryo dynasty in Korea. Chunshin ceremony as the national auspicious ceremony was settled through the 311 the Chosun dynasty. The offerings were graded and the Saongwon (司饔院) was in charge of the transportation of them. A king attended the ceremony in person at Jongmyo (宗廟) once in a while. but the Bongsangsi officials usually took charge of ceremony. Even though the harvest of crops had failed due to the drought. the quantity of the offering was not curtailed. Seven kinds of the new products It ere offered in the Koryo dynasty, twenty-seven kinds of them during the reign of king Sejong, and thirty-one kinds of the them during the reign of King Sungjong according to the Gukjooreeui (國朝五禮儀) (1474). The offerings were served on the utensils called Du (두(豆)), Byun (遼), and Jak (爵). Most of the of the offerings were dedicated by public officials and civilians. The meat products in particular were caught by the king on hunting trips, and offered by the king in Person.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of Koryo Hand Therapy on menopausal symptoms and attitude in permenopausal women. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent controlgroup pretest-posttes. The subjects consisted of 45 women between the ages of 40 and 60 years in the Gyeonggi-do, Korea. There were 23 women in the experimental group and 22 in the control group. In this study, the experimental group received KHT of three times a week, for a total of 8weeks. The instruments for this study were to measure the effects of KHT were the menopausal symptoms scale and attitudes to the menopause(Maoz, Downty, Antonovsky & Wijsenbeek, 1970). The data were analyzed by $X^2$-test and Fisher's Exact Test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test procedures, using SPSS/Win PC 13.0. Results: For menopausal symptoms, there were statistically significant differences between experimental group and control group. For menopausal attitudes, there were no statistically significant differences between groups. Conclusions: This result showed that KHT was effective in decreasing menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women.