• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.519-529
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• 2001

Recurrent abdominal pain(RAP) occurs in 8-10％ of elementary school children. It is suspected that functional causes are about 90％ and organic causes about 10％ for the recurrent abdominal pain. RAP is treated by antispasmodics or analgesics or antidiarrheal drugs in school health rooms. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of Koryo-Hand-Acupuncture on recurrent abdominal pain of children. The duration of this study was from April to July, 2001. The subjects were the grade 4th-6th elementary students complaining recurrent abdominal pain. Total subjects were 46 cases; 23 cases of which were placed in experimental and the others in control group. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Numeric-pain-intensity of experimental group received Koryo-Hand-Acupuncture was decreased more than that of control group received mock Koryo-Hand-Acupuncture significantly. 2. Probed current in stomach corresponding point (A12) of experimental received Koryo-Hand-Acupuncture was decreased more than that of control group received mock Koryo-Hand-Acupuncture significantly. 3. Medication requirement rate of experimental group received Koryo-Hand-Acupuncture was decreased more than that of control group received mock Koryo-Hand-Acupuncture significantly. The following suggestions with the results of the study would be made like these; 1. Stimulation implement of Koryo-Hand- Acupuncture should be used independently and each effect should be investigated. 2. With repeated studies for various signs and diseases, the effect of Koryo-Hand- Acupuncture must be verified.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-5
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• 1997

This study is concerned with the bai su(背戍) of Koryo period which recorded in Kei Rim Yu Sa(鷄林類事). Results of this research can be summarized as follows : The record of Bai Su(背戍) in Kei Rim Yu Sa(鷄林類事) was correct. It was not a mistake in writing. Thus, this word(背戍) was used by the people of Koryo. The 背戍 of Koryo was related to Aramaic patash and Japanese byets or bats, バツ. It was found that 背戍 of Koryo was very similar to Aramaic patash, legging. It indicates that 背戍 was derived from Aramaic and it was a transliteration of patash. Thus, 背戍 was a borrowed word from Aramaic. Also it was found that 背戍 of Koryo and Japanese byets(ぺツ) or bats(バツ) showed a very close affininty with each other in phonetic value. These words had the same meanings of 襪 one another. It reveals that 背戍 of Koryo and Japanese byets of bats has the same origins. Japanese byets or bats were transliterations of 背戍 of Koryo and they were borrowed words from 背戍 of Koryo.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1993

To study the Koryo dynasty (14th Century) diet culture, $\ulcorner$Bak Tong Sa$\lrcorner$&$\ulcorner$No Kul Dae$\lrcorner$were analyzed. $\ulcorner$Bak Tong Sa$\lrcorner$and$\ulcorner$No Kul Dae$\lrcorner$are the book of Chinese dialogue book which were published 14C Koryo dynasty. The results obtained from the study were as follows: 1. Vegtables were 40 varieties involving the representative vegetables in Koryo dynasty. 2. Lamb and pork were the most popular meat I Won dynasty (Chinese) and the meat were popular in 14C Koryo dynasty. 3. Cook menu introduced I these books were 40 varieties and the full course menu were used in Han dynasty Banquet. 4. Cooking tools were various to survey Koryo dynasty cooking tools culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.193-204
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• 1994

In this study the characteristics of Korean furs and peltry were discussed in the terms of usage and kinds from the literature survey of the relevant references, The following con-clusions were deduced. From Ancient to Koryo a kind of acient of Korea a lot of furs and peltry were produced and dressed. The leopad of Gochosun Korea was worthy of gold as an expensive goods to China. red dyed pelt of Silla Korea was traded with China and that pelt dyeing tech-nology of that pelt developed. The marten of Koryo was trade to Arabia and an otter skin to Kum Dynasty as loved goods. Korean furs and peltry made a reputation and were used for trading goods with China Japan and Arabia. Tratment technology in Korea became known to foreign country. There is another record that sheep and camels were offered to Koryo by around countries, And that Koryo employed men of Kum Dynasty as a shepherd. From ancient to Koryo Korea had had many kinds of furs of peltry as using goods such as leopard mart otter skin panther bear, manchurian wapili, fox, porpoise rat, mankey, horse, pig, wild bear, goat, cow, cat, dog, tiger, deer, raccoon dog and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.31
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• pp.131-144
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• 1997

This thesis is mainly on the study of Gongbok and Sangbok in the system of official outfit of the Koryo dyn-asty which has not yet fully studied in the history of Koren dress and its ornaments. Even in this difficult circumstances the sys-tem of dress and its ornaments can be under-stood with the help of remaining Buddhi-stliterature. Thus the system of official outfit in the Koryo dynasty has been studied here with some documentary records such as Koryo-dokyung Koryosa-yeobokji (The His-tory of Dress And Its Ornaments in The Koryo Dynasty) and so on. As the Koryo dynasty de-veloped her international relationships continu-ously with her neighbouring nation which were geographically closely connected so the systems of official outfit in the Chinese dyn-asty of Sung had to be studied and compared with, In the Koryo dynasty the same four colour system of purple red, deep red and green had survived until the year of 1123 from the year of 960 not using the blue colour from the four colour system of purple Chinese red green and blue of the Sung dynasty. The four colour system of purple deep red green and black under the regin of the King Euijong was exactly the same as that of official outfit of the Sung dynasty in he year of 1078 the first year of Wonpung's regin and wearing Eodae is a sure sign of influence of the system of Sung dynasty. Even though Koryo was invaded by Yuan druing the period of the regin of the King Chungyul the four colour system was not changed of purple deep red. green and black along with the same Dae-sudanryung(long sleeve and round collar). In 1387 the thirteenth year of the King Woo of the Koryo dynasty Pumdae was used ofor different official ranks and the sys-tem of wearing Samo and Dayung was established for the official outfit of every government officers.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2003

In the early years of the Koryo dynasty(877~1392), the grain production was encouraged and the consumption of meat was abstained because of the Buddhism. Therefore, desserts including rice cos and cookies and teas were prevalent. Specially, the cooking skill of the desserts was highly developed because the desserts were the requisite of offered in Buddhist service and national ceremonies. Also, the king took the lead in abstaining to eat meat. According to $\boxDr$Koryodokyung$\boxUl$ , People in the early Years of the Koryo dynasty were unskilled to slaughter for serving meat to the envoy from China. Most ceremonies in Koryo dynasty were held fur retainers by king and the ceremonies held to celebrate the coronation, birth of the royal grandchildren, and royal birthday, and to treat the envoys and merchants from China(Song dynasty) and Tamra kingdom. The ceremonies were continuously held from the early year to the later year of Koryo dynasty. The aristocracy of the Koryo dynasty often held the extravagant ceremonies and drank liquor a lot in the ceremony and offered the extravagant foods such as oil-and-honey pastry and milk, which caused the national problem later. The royal religious ceremonies held often in the Koryo dynasty were ancestor worship ceremony, tea ceremony, lotus lantern ceremony, Palgwanhoe, etc. In Koryo dynasty, there were several government offices that took charge of royal dietary culture as follows: 1. Yomulgo (料物庫) - government office supplied with provisions 2. Sasunseo(司謄署) - government office that took charge of various kinds of side dishes 3. Saonseo(司酪署) - government office that took charge of wine and liquor 4. Naejangtaek(內莊宅) - government office managed paddy fields and dry fields owned by royal family 5. Sangsikguk(尙食局) - government office same as Sasunseo that took charge of various kinds of side dishes, the name changed to Sasunseo later 6. Sungwanseo (謄官署) - government office that took charge of foods for various religious services and ceremonies 7. Naewonseo (內園署) - government office that took charge of the garden

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 2000

According to the North Korean documents , North Korean government have emphasized the development of the Koryo medicine (traditional korean medicine) and encouraged the combination of the Koryo and the modern medicine. It is regarded that this attitude arose from the ruler's will toward independency in the medical field and at the same time the lack of modern medical resources . Combinations of the Koryo medicine and the modern medicine in the clinical textbooks are classified as follows: first, mixed medication of the Koryo and the modern medicine. Second, combination of the traditional acupuncture(or moxibustion) and the medication of modern medicines. Third, injection of modern medicines at acupoints. Forth, an intramuscular or an intravenous injection of the Koryo medicine. Fifth, anesthesia using Koryo medicine. Sixth, simple surgery at the acupoints. Lastly, combination of injection and the traditional therapy(eg. acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping) Despite of many achievements in the field of combined medical treatment, recent economic failure and severe famine for several years caused collapse of the health care delivery system in North Korea, and it is hard to find combined practices actually.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.14-25
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• 2023

Objectives: South Korea, the United States, and the United Nations have imposed extensive economic sanctions against North Korea, which increased the use of traditional Korean medicine in North Korea to maintain its national health care system. This study attempts to study the latest trends of traditional Korean medicine research through bibliographic analysis of one of the North Korean medical journals. It will then provide insights into how traditional Korean medicine is used in North Korea. Methods: This study is based on 611 clinical research articles out of 931 articles extracted from 13 volumes of Koryo Medicine (2016 ~ 2019). The articles were classified according to the researched treatment, diseases and use alongside conventional drugs. Results: Based on the analysis of Koryo Medicine, the proportion of clinical research articles investigating the treatment effects was very high (65.6%). Also, clinical research using herbal medicine as treatment was the most common, accounting for 17.69% of the total. Some of the clinical research in Koryo Medicine were conducted in tandem with conventional drug treatment, especially on acupuncture. Conclusion: This study conducted a bibliographic analysis of Koryo Medicine to understand the current status of traditional Korean medicine within North Korea. The analysis identified main diseases, treatment methods, and integration with conventional drugs in the clinical research of traditional Korean medicine. As a country actively seeking to use traditional Korean medicine, North Korea will become an interesting field of global traditional medicine and complementary medicine research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2009

The present study examined the import routes of distilled rice liquor soju and how soju developed among the royal family and the upper classes using celadon inscribed with poetry related to alcohol beverages in the 12th century, Maebyeong style vases inscribed with government office name in charge of alcohol beverages of the royal family in the 14th century during the Koryo Dynasty. Distilled rice liquor was imported from the southwestern region to Koryo by Arabian merchants through direct and indirect routes in the Yuen Dynasty during the age of King Chungsuk and King Chunghye in around the 14th century. As soju was added to existing takju and cheongju, the three major types of alcohol beverages were completed during the late Koryo Dynasty. Celadon pitcher inscribed with poetry shows the delicate sentimentalism, aristocratic prosperity, and poetic sentiment. In particular, it is valuable in that it reflects Koryo people's mind, view of nature, and attitude toward alcohol beverages, and their inner world was also described with celadon patterns. Maebyeong style vases Yangonseo, Saonseo, Deokcheongo, Euiseonggo and Saseonseo, which are real celadon antiques inscribed with government office name, were used for rice liquor preservation. In particular, Maebyeong style vase has the exact year of creation, so it is a historically important celadon in research not only on alcohol food culture but also on art history. This shows that alcohol beverages were important foods that there were controlled and stored in celadon by the government offices for the royal family's related alcohol ceremonies. Through celadon inscribed with poetry and government office name displaying Koryo people's unique imagination and cultural consciousness, we can read their mind and lifestyle based on historical and social alcohol food culture in the Koryo Dynasty.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.6-11
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify and to trace the source of origins of 麻帝核試 that appears in Kei Rim Yu Sa(鷄林類事). Comparative liguistic analytical approaches ware employed for this study. Results of this study revealed that madi(마디) survives as a dialect for m ∂ri[머리(頭)] in Kyung Sang Province Thus, it si considered that the dialect madi(마디) is a survival of 마디(麻帝) of Koryo. Similar words to 核試 of Koryo were found in Hebrew and Japanese : Heb. k-u-tsi(zi) means locks of hair and Japanese ku-shi(くシ) has several meanings : comb, head, and the hair of the head. The word 麻帝核試 of Koryo is a compound ward of madi(麻帝), head and k ∂ shi(그시) 核試 locks of hair(hair of the head). 核試 of Koryo , Jao. ku shi(くシ), and Heb. k-u-tsi(zi) showed close relationships to one another. The word ku shi(si) 그시 核試 was derived from Heb. k-u-tsi(zi) and Jap. ku shi(くシ) was originated from 核試 of Koryo. Kor. ku shi(si) 그시 核試 is a transliteration of Heb. k-u-tsi(zi) and Jap. ku shi(くシ) is a trans-literation of Kor. ku shi 그시 核試.