• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.203-206
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate and quantitatively describe the acoustic characteristics of current Korean monophthongs. Recordings were made of 33 men and 27 women producing the vowels /i, e, ${\varepsilon}$, a, (표현불가), O, u, (표현불가)/ in a carrier phrase "This character is _." A listening test was conducted in which 19 participants judged each vowel. F1, F2, and F3 were measured from the vowels judged as intended vowels by more than 17 people from the listening test. Analysis of formant data shows some interesting results including the undeniable confirmation of 7-vowel system in current Korean.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : Vowels and resonant including nasals and liquid are produced with vocal folds vibration have been used for voice therapy of hyperadduction patients. This study was conducted to investigate phonatory characteristics of vowels and resonant consonants through the EGG measures from Lx. Speech studio (Laryngograph Ltd, UK). Materials and Method : 7 male adults produced sustained vowel /a/, /i/, /u/, nasals /m/, /n/, /${\eta}$/and liquid /I/ and read the sentences (1nasals-liquid sentence, 1 non-nasals-liquid sentence) and tongue-tip trill and humming. Fx(Hz), Ox(%) were obtained of vowels, nasals, liquid and each of the posterior vowel /a/ of /ma/, /na/, /la/, /ha/ with same F0(around F#165Hz) and amplitude (75${\pm}$5db). And also DFx(Hz), DQx(%), CFx(%) and CAx(%) were obtained from reading two kinds of sentences. Results : Qx(%) was the highest in /u/ of vowels, and nasal/n/ of the resonant consonants and nasals-liquid sentence was higher Qx than non-nasals-liquid sentence but significant differences were not found. Qx(%) of the posterior vowel /a/ of nasal consonants/n/ was higher than in the isolated vowel/a/ and other posterior vowel of resonant consonants and fricatives /h/. Regularity or periodicity and higher Qx were observed in the nasals-liquid sentence than non-nasals-liquid sentence in graphs of QxFx & CFx produced by Quantiative analysis. In the nasalance score, /u/vowel was significant higher among the vowels and /I/ liquid was significant lower among the resonant consonants and nasals-liquid sentence is higher than non-nasals -liquid sentence. CQ(%) was not significantly correlated with nasalance(%). Conclusion : These findings might signify resonant phonation was not correlated with nasalance.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.159-167
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• 1985

男性話者가 發音한 韓國語 母音/아, 에, 이, 오, 우/의 聲門波를 직접 抽出하여 音聲에 따라 성문파가 각각 다르다는 것을 확인하였다. 具現한 5가지의 성문파로 母音을 다시 合成하여 聲門波形이 音聲合成에 미치는 영향을 波形的으로 비교하였다. 상문파의 모양, 개방시간과 폐쇄기간에 따라 合成音聲波形은 變化가 있었으며, 聲門波形이 合成音質向上의 중요 factor로 作用함을 알 수 있었다.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2003

The present study was performed to investigate change in shimmer according to $F_{0}$ variation precisely, and to offer suggestions for a clinical application. The analysis for the present study was done by the fundamental frequency ($F_{0}$) and shimmer measurement results of the previous 120 Korean normal adults' voice study of Pyo et al. (2002), used three vowels, /i/, /a/, /and /u/. Through the analysis of 60 female samples from the previous study, we found that $F_{0}$ of the vowels was the highest in /u/, and the lowest in /a/, but, on the contrary, shimmer was highest in /a/and lowest in /u/. Thirty of 60 subjects showed such an inverse relationship between $F_{0}$ and shimmer, as a whole. In the vowel /a/, 47 of 60 subjects showed the increased $F_{0}$ and decreased shimmer, in /i/, 32 subjects, and in /u/, 33 subjects showed the same results. The decrease in shimmer means the improvement of voice quality, so by these results, we expect to answer the question why the patients with spasmodic dysphonia can improve their voice quality with increased pitched voice production.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2010

본 논문은 음성진단이나 음성치료를 위한 연구로서 음성과 신체의 상관관계를 분석한 것이다. 음성신호와 함께 신체의 머리와 가슴 그리고 복부에서 음성에 의한 진동파형을 측정하였으며, 이 때 사용한 음성은 모음 '아', '에', '이', '오', '우' 이다. 그 결과 모음에 따라 신체의 특징을 잘 나타내는 성분을 확인할 수 있었으며, 신체질량지수(BMI)와의 상관계수를 측정하여 음성에 의한 신체조건 진단의 활용방안을 제시하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2024

Vowels are fundamental elements of spoken language, providing insights into linguistic patterns and phonological systems. This study examines vowel inventories from 913 languages in a database, analyzing their statistical distributions. It investigates unique vowels within each language category, focusing on the two major dimensions of vowel height and backness, including diphthongs. The results show that vowel phonemes without diacritics constitute 30% of all distinct vowel types but account for 64% of the total vowel phonemes, highlighting the dominance of primary vowel articulations. The most frequent vowels are /i/, followed by /u/, /a/, /o/, /e/, /ɛ/, and /ɔ/. Multidimensional scaling of vowels, with or without diacritics, reveals distinctive clusters and co-occurrence patterns, necessitating more detailed analysis. Future research should consider the establishment of linguistic criteria on vowel representation and incorporate actual speech data for comprehensive linguistic studies.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

This study provided longitudinal examination of the Chinese learners' acquisition of Korean vowels. Specifically, I examined the Chinese learners' Korean monophthongs /i, e, ɨ, ${\Lambda}$, a, u, o/ that were created at the time of 1 month and 12 months, tried to verify empirically how they learn by dealing with their mother tongue, and Korean vowels through dealing with pattern of the Perceptual Assimilation Model (henceforth PAM) of Best (Best, 1993; 1994; Best & Tyler, 2007) and the Speech Learning Model (henceforth SLM) of Flege (Flege, 1987; Bohn & Flege, 1992, Flege, 1995). As a result, most of the present results are shown to be similarly explained by the PAM and SLM, and the only discrepancy between these two models is found in the 'similar' category of sounds between the learners' native language and the target language. Specifically, the acquisition pattern of /u/ and /o/ in Korean is well accounted for the PAM, but not in the SLM. The SLM did not explain why the Chinese learners had difficulty in acquiring the Korean vowel /u/, because according to the SLM, the vowel /u/ in Chinese (the native language) is matched either to the vowel /u/ or /o/ in Korean (the target language). Namely, there is only a one-to-one matching relationship between the native language and the target language. In contrast, the Chinese learners' difficulty for the Korean vowel /u/ is well accounted for in the PAM in that the Chinese vowel /u/ is matched to the vowel pair /o, u/ in Korean, not the single vowel, /o/ or /u/.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

This study introduces an automated Praat script allowing optimal formant analysis for children's vowels. Using Burg's algorithm in Praat, formants can be extracted by setting the maximum formant value and the number of formants. The optimal formant setting was determined by identifying the two conditions, F1 and F2, with minimum standard deviations. When applying the optimal formant setting determined by the script, the results of normality tests were not significant among all vowels except /e/ for the maximum formant value, and among the vowels /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/ and /ʌ/ for the number of formants. This indicates that when analyzing the formants of children's vowel sounds, the unilateral application of a parameter setting (the maximum formant value and the number of formants) to all vowels is problematic. The performance of the optimal formant setting script was evaluated along with 3 different algorithm in order to determine whether it properly extracts formants for children's vowels. To this end, Korean monophghongs of 6-year-old children were collected and the Praat scripts were applied to the data. Resultant Formant plots and statistical analysis showed that optimum_script and qtone_script, which links to the perceptual unit, performed very well in formant extraction compared to the remaining 2 scripts.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.414-421
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• 2000

The objective evaluation of velopharyngeal closure function is the key to diagnosis and therapy control of velopharyngeal incompetency. The aim of this study is to evaluate the aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of the velopharyngeal closure function of patients who have developed velopharyngeal incompetency after management with speech aids. The test words were composed of sustained vowels /a/, /i/, /e/, /u/, /ja/, /je/, /wi/ and polysyllabic words /p'ap'i/, /siso/, /mami/ for measuring nasalance, The data was collected before the placement of the speech aids and one to three months after. The results were as follows: The nasalance score of the velopharyngeal incompetency speakers was higher than that of the normal control group, except for nasal sounds, and was decreased after placement of the speech aids, especially in high vowels /i/ (P<.01) and /wi/ (P<.05).

• 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2001

This paper aims to investigate the acoustic characteristics of the vowels attested in Korean and French and to seek a way of understanding them from a phonological point of view. We first compare the two vowel systems by measuring the actual frequencies of the formants using CSL. It is shown that the first and second formants vary in wider range in French compared to Korean. In order to understand the two vowel systems from a phonological point of view, we apply the theory of Licensing Constraints, proposed and developed by Kaye (1994), and Charette and Kaye (1994). We propose the licensing constraints placed upon the vowels both in Korean and French. For Korean, we propose the licensing constraints such that both elements I and U must be heads. For French, we claim the following licensing constraints: U in a headed expression must be head, A cannot be head, and Nothing can only license an expression A in it.