• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.30-51
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• 2011

During the process of modernization, many rural villages in Korea have experienced degeneration and breakdown, losing sustainability. However, Oeam village in Asan City, South Chungcheong Province (State-designated cultural heritage, Important Folk Material No. 236) has established itself as a unique folk village, which evolves with sustainability, pursuing the revival of Neo-traditionalism. Oeam village is a tribal village of the Yis from the Yean region and has maintained environmental, economic, and social sustainability and soundness for over five centuries. Thus, the village has sustained itself well enough to be a cultural asset with 'Outstanding Universal Value', in terms of its value as world cultural heritage. The village maintains its own identity, filled with a variety of traditional and scenic cultural assets that symbolize a gentry village. Those assets include Confucian sceneries (head family houses, ancestral shrines, tombs, gravestones, commemorative monuments, and pavilions), various assets of folk religion (totem poles, protective trees at the entrance of a village, shrines for mountain spirits, village forests), tangible and intangible cultural assets related to daily lives (vigorous family activities, rigorous ancestral rituals, family rituals, collective agriculture and protection of ecosystem), which have all been well preserved and inherited. In particular, this village is an example of a well-being community with a well-preserved folksy atmosphere, which is based on environmentally sound settlements (nature + economy + environment + community) in a village established according to geomancy, East Asia's unique principle of environmental design. In addition, the village has kept the sustainability and authenticity for more than 500 years, combining restraint towards the environment and the view of the environment which respects the natural order and cultural values (capacity + healthy + sustainability). Therefore, the Oeam folk village can be a representative example of a folksy and scenic Korean community which falls into the category of IV (to exemplify an outstanding type of building, architectural or technological ensemble, or landscape which illustrates significant stages in human history) and V (to exemplify an outstanding traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of cultures, or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change) of Unesco's World Cultural Heritage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to consider practical examples of the method of utilizing plant material 'lotus' used by the ancients, and the value and meaning they wanted to get from it. The method of this study to do this is descriptive study to consider and interpret poem and painting reflecting impression and concept world of lotus. Summary of this study is as follows. First, ornamental value of lotus could be divided in effect of group plant and detail value held by the flower, the leaves and the stem. Especially, group plant lotus in large site provides unique landscape differentiated form other flowering plants. As well, another feature of lotus is its high ornamental value spread in detail elements including the flower, the leaves, the stem and the lotus seed. Second, fragrance expressed 'Hyang-won-ik-cheong(香遠益淸)' is an important charm of lotus. Lotus was utilized as olfactory element providing fragrance. The ancients considered lotus fragrance not only for enjoy but as symbolic object comparing noble man's dignity so that they expressed it in poem and painting. Third, lotus was utilized as acoustical element. That is, the sound of raindrops harmonizing the surface of water and wide lotus leaves was called 'hearing lotus fond and rain', enjoying it as classic grace. Fourth, summer play lotus sightseeing was called mind wash up meaning 'washing the mind polluted by the mundane world'. Such poetic taste was widely enjoyed by various classes from general public to royal family. Besides, poetic taste related with lotus is the method of drinking alcohol using the feature of big lotus leave and vacant stem, called 'Beog-tong-ju(碧筒酒)'. And in the Joseon dynasty period, when the distinction between the man and the woman influenced by Confucian, lotus seed and 'lotus collecting song' was important sign to express romance between man and woman. Lotus has been enamored by wide classes transcending cultural background as thought and religion since ancient times. Due to such reasons, various symbolic meaning of lotus and planting examples related to religious facilities as temples could not be considered in various manner is limitation of this study, and which is research project for the future.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.220-237
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• 2021

This study carried out the conservation treatment for the mattress put on the bed, which is one of 4 items in National Folklore Cultural Heritage, the Red-lacquered Furniture with the inlaid mother-of-pearl design used by Empress Sunjeonghyo (presumed), after identifying the characteristics of the manufacturing techniques and the used materials. And the study intends to compare it with the mattress placed in the Daejojeong in the Changdeokgung Palace in order to identify the characteristics of mattresses domestically used during the 1920s and 1930s. From the analysis of the mattress presumably used by Empress Sunjeonghyo, it was identified that the mattress frame was made of pinaceous hemlock spruce while the webbing and twine in the structural parts were made of jute. The findings are as follows: the burlap had a filling material that was made of jute; the straw mat was made from Oryza; and, the rest of the filling material was cotton. Rayon was used for the top cover while cotton was used for the bottom. As a result of research on the materials and the inner structure, it was found that mattress was manufactured in the form of the upholstery style mainly found in chairs and day-beds in Western furniture. Based on analysis results, materials identical to the original were adopted during the conservation treatment. Next, the process of dismantling, cleaning, repair, reinforcement and assembling was conducted. During the dismantling process, the top cover was newly discovered and some letters (Yokohama, Kobe, and Joseon) were found in the burlap filling, but there was no trace which can clarify its maker or production place. dry cleaning was carried out on the structural parts, filling materials, and the cover, and then the repair and reinforcement were done, preserving the existing materials in the upholstery structure and using the same materials for conservation. The webbing in the structural parts was reinforced using materials identical to the original, and the twine was used for arranging and fixing the springs into wooden frames. For the damaged cotton cloth and burlap, reinforcement materials identical to the original were put over it and sown. For the damaged area of the top cover, reinforcement cloth was cut and then added inside and the damaged area was sown. Assembling was carried out in the reverse order of the dismantling. After the burlap identical to the original material was inserted into the areas in contact with the springs and then fastened, a filling pad, reinforcement cloth, a straw mat, cotton cloth, cotton felt, wide cotton cloth for protecting the cover, and the cover were layered and fastened with tacks. The two mattresses used by Empress Sunjeonghyo differed only by the period of production and followed the same Western upholstery style consisting of the frames, filling materials, and covers. During the conservation treatment process, a velvet cover was newly discovered and the traces of repair in the past were found. Furthermore, identifying straw mats, straw bags, and straws for filling material, this study confirmed changes in the materials used according to the production environment. In the future, it is expected to see changes in the conservation materials during the conservation treatment and manufacturing techniques used for chairs and sofas in the upholstery style belonging to the modern cultural artifacts.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.1 s.39
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• pp.31-47
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• 2006

This study developed practical reasoning teaching-learning material for middle school home economics education and tested its effects on middle school students' self-esteem The type of this study was a quasi-experimental research and its independent variable was practical reasoning instruction and its dependent variable was self-esteem. The research design for this study was a pretest-posttest design. Practical reasoning instruction was given for experimental group whereas traditional instruction was given to comparison group. For measuring self-esteem, 'self-esteem scale' developed by Choi & Jun(1993) was used and its Cronbach'a was ranged from .69 to .84. Statistic analysis was done by mean and standard deviation for general characteristics of samples and paired t-test for testing difference of pretest-posttest. The results of this study showed that practical reasoning instruction improved middles school students' self-esteem, the general self-esteem and social self-esteem among sub-areas of self-esteem in particular.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 1997

Korean society is a mix of western and traditional cultures. Even though the patients try to recover through both aspects, hospital only utilizes a western approachs. When they have suffered from a chronic disease, especially diabeties meliitus(DM), application of folk medicine is more varied but the nurses are unaware of the practices. This study was done to describe the current use of the folk medicine with which the patients with DM have had an experience and to identify the relationships between the westernized medical care and folk medicine application. The 244 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes millitus who participated were interviewed at a DM education clinic in a 1500-bed hospital. The results of the study are as follows: 1. 54.1%(N=133) of the participated patients in this study have had a folk medicine. 2. 44 kinds of folk medicine were used for the treatment of DM. Among them 14 items were used by more than two people and the rest were used by one person. Among the used items, 70.4% consisted of various types of plants, 11.4% was animal material and 18. 2% was the mixed group. As a single item, Commelina Communis(Dalgaebi) was the most frequently used(62.8%), followed by the root of Rosa rugosa(Haedangwha) 14.3%, and Youngi mushroom 13.6%. 3. In the analysis of the relationships between the general characters of the patients with regular fol1ow-up(F-U), self blood sugar test(BST) and folk medicine usage: 1) The higher the educational back ground patient had, the lower the folk medicine usage was ($X^2$=14.265, P=.003). 2) The more complex their treatment was($X^2$=24. 016. P=.000). and the longer they had suffered from DM($X^2$=75.739, P=.000), the fewer they visited regular F-U. On the other hand, they did self-BST well($X^2$=7.722, P=.021 : $X^2$=14. 775, P=.002) and had more folk medicine($X^2$=33.382, P=.000 ; $X^2$=43.410, P=.000). 3) If they had suffered many symptoms, they had fewer regular F-U ($X^2$=13.192. P=.001). On the other hand, they had more folk medicine($X^2$=6.070, P=.048). 4) The group of family history($X^2$=6.801. P=.009) and the group of DM education experience($X^2$=15.678, P=.000) carried out self BST well. DM education group used more folk medicine($X^2$=8.680, P=.003). In conclusion, DM education should be grouped according to the treatment type and suffering period. Then the management of DM would be effective and the vague application of folk medicine would be decreased.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2020

Korea has an economy based on manufacturing industrial fields, which produce high amounts of hazardous wastes, in spite of few landfill candidates, and a significant concern for fine airborne particulates; therefore, traditional waste management is difficult to apply in this country. Moreover, waste collection and accumulation have recently been intensified by the waste import prohibitions or regulations in developing nations, the universalization of delivery services in Korea, and the global COVID-19 crisis. This study thus presents a domestic waste management strategy that aims to address the recent issues on waste. The contents of the strategy as the main results of the study include the (1) improvement of the compatibility of the classification codes between the domestic hazardous waste and the international ones such as those of the Basel Convention; (2) consideration of the mixed hazard indices to represent toxicity from low-content components such as rare earth metals often contained in electrical and electronic equipment waste; (3) management application based on risks throughout the life cycles of waste; (4) establishment of detailed material flow information of waste by integrating the Albaro system, Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) system, and online trade databases; (5) real-time monitoring and prediction of the waste movement or discharge using positional sensors and geographic information systems, among others; and (6) selection and implementation of optimal treatment or recycling practices through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and clean technologies.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.329-340
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• 2006

Statement of problem: Damping of the peak force transmitted to implants has been reported by in vitro studies using impact forces on resin-veneered superstructures. Theoretical assumptions suggest that use of acrylic resin for the occlusal surfaces of a prosthesis would protect the connection between implant and bone. Therefore, the relationship between prosthesis materials and the force transmitted through the implant system also needs to be investigated under conditions that resemble the intraoral mechanical environment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the fracture strength and modes of temporary prosthesis when a flange or occlusally extended structure were connected on the top of the abutment. Material and method: Modified abutments of winged and bulk design were made by casting the desired wax pattern which is made on the UCLA type plastic cylinder. Temporary crowns were made using templates on the modified abutments, and its fracture toughness and strain were compared to the traditional temporary prosthesis. To evaluate the effect of aging, 5.000 times of thermocycling were performed, and their result was compared to the 24hours specimen result. Results: The following conclusions were drawn from this study: 1. In the fracture toughness test, temporary crown's fracture line located next to the screw hole while modified designs with metal support showed fracture line on the metal and its propagation along the metal-resin interface. 2. Wing and bulk structure didn't show significant difference in the fracture toughness (p>0.05), but wing structure showed stress concentration on the screw hole area compared to bulk structure which showed even stress distribution. 3. In the fracture toughness test after thermocycling, wing and bulk structure showed increased or similar results in metal supported area while off-metal area and temporary crown showed decreased results. 4. In the strain measurement after thermocycling, its value increased in the temporary and bulk structure. However, wing structure showed decreased value in the loading point while increased value in the screw hole area. Conclusion: Wing type design showed compatible result to the bulk type that its application with composite resin prosthesis to the implant dentistry is considered promising.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.1 s.43
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• pp.15-33
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find the effect of improvement in student's learning attitude when applying portfolio, which is one of the ways for the performance's assessment suggested as an alternative of traditional assessment for the instruction of Home Economics subject. The results of this study were as follows; 1. We have developed the Portfolio materials; teaching and learning plans, the paper of activities of the class, materials of the instructions, and assessment materials from the instruction of total 13 times in the unit of 'making short pants'. 2. The instruction,'Making short pants' with applying portfolio, is very effective in terms of changing student's learning attitude positively - pride, self-confidence, interest, conscience of purpose, motivation for achievement, focus surroundings, self-study, friendship among classmate and etc. 3. The result of analyzing students 'thoughts shows that the majority over 90% of the students showed the positive attitude toward applied portfolio instruction. Here are the reasons that 'it's helpful to study', 'it can be focused better on the instruction', 'it give them satisfaction and couidence' and 'it can be increased abilities studying by oneself'. on the other hand, the negative side of the instruction applied portfolio is that it requires too much time to prepare portfolio materials. there is pressure because of a lot of assignments to do. Based on this result, we are expecting to increase student's interest in the middle school class of Technology and Home Economic and also to achieve development of the method of teaching and learning to enhance student's learning attitude.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.23-28
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• 2002

This paper describes the machining characteristics of the $MoSi_2$ based composites by electric discharge drilling with various tubular electrodes, besides, Hardness characteristics and microstructures of $Nb/MoSi_2$ laminate composites were evaluated from the variation of fabricating conditions such as preparation temperature, applied pressure and pressure holding time. $MoSi_2$ -based composites has been developed in new materials for jet engine of supersonic-speed airplanes and gas turbine for high- temperature generator. Achieving this objective may require new hard materials with high strength and high temperature-resistance. However, With the exception of grinding, traditional machining methods are not applicable to these new materials. Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a thermal process that utilizes a spark discharge to melt a conductive material, the tool electrode being almost non-unloaded, because there is no direct contact between the tool electrode and the workpiece. By combining a nonconducting ceramics with more conducting ceramic it was possible to raise the electrical conductivity. From experimental results, it was found that the lamination from Nb sheet and $MoSi_2$ powder was an excellent strategy to improve hardness characteristics of monolithic $MoSi_2$. However, interfacial reaction products like (Nb, Mo)$SiO_2$ and $Nb_2Si_3$ formed at the interface of $Nb/MoSi_2$ and increased with fabricating temperature. $MoSi_2$ composites which a hole drilling was not possible by the conventional machining process, enhanced the capacity of ED-drilling by adding $NbSi_2$ relative to that of SiC or $ZrO_2$ reinforcements.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2015

Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii has been used a culinary material and traditional medicine for a long time in worldwide and recently the researches to find biological effects have been increased such as dopamine activation, preventive effect against phytopathogens, inhibitive effect against erythrocyte coagulation, anti-oxidative effect, anti-tumorigenic effect, etc. However it is hard to cultivate Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii it is impossible to be mass-produced and in order to solve the problem in this study we found the appropriate cultivation period and the harvest point for it. For life cycle (from primordium formation to harvest) the morphology, weight, and quantity of polysaccharide of Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii were measured using with 5 bodies per a day and it could be divided for 4 stages; primordium formation, growth, needle maturation, and aging. And then from the results the Zeide nonlinear growth curve could be gotten. At 13th day after cultivation there is the relation between the change of media weight and body weight and at 14th day after cultivation the rate of polysaccharide in the body was 11 %. However in the case of O2 insufficient supply the malformation of them was observed.