• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 지명연구 방법의 다양화를 위해 장소정체성과 스케일 정치 그리고 영역경합의 세 가지 개념을 사용하여 충주지역 지명의 특성을 밝혀보고자 하였다. 먼저 장소정체성과 관련하여 새로 바뀐 충주시 '수안보면'은 이전의 지명인 상모면보다 지역이 가지고 있는 천연자원인 온천의 속성을 크게 부각시킬 뿐만 아니라 정체성의 구성 조건인 '수적 유일성'과 '질적 동일성', 그리고 '자아 동일성'을 가지고 있어 이 지역의 장소정체성을 잘 드러내고 있다. 둘째, 지명을 통한 스케일 정치는 스케일의 상승과 하강으로 구분하여 살펴볼 수 있는데 지명 스케일 상승의 사례로는 충주시 이류면의 옛 지명인 이안면을 들 수 있고, 하강의 사례로는 조선시대 읍호승강제에 따른 충주의 읍호승강과 1917년 행정구역개편 때 충주군현 지명이 충주면으로 축소된 경우와 일본에 의한 월악산의 한자지명의 변경을 들 수 있다. 셋째, 지명 영역변화의 사례로는 지명 표기자가 지명 영역과 더불어 변화한 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우가 있는데, 먼저 지명 표기자가 지명 영역과 함께 변화한 사례로는 충주시 용두동과 이류면 금곡리가 있다. 지명 표기자가 변하지 않으면서 지명 영역이 변화한 경우는 현재 충주시를 동서로 흐르는 달천을 들 수 있다. 결론적으로 본 연구결과는 지명이 장소정체성을 재현하고 구축하는데 활용될 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2012

Objective : To evaluate the surgical efficacy of and factors associated with decompressive craniectomy in patients with an internal carotid artery (ICA) territory infarction. Methods : Seventeen patients (8 men and 9 women, average age 61.53 years, range 53-77 years) were treated by decompressive craniectomy for an ICA territory infarction at our institute. We retrospectively reviewed medical records, radiological findings, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at presentation and before surgery. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Results : Of the 17 patients, 15 (88.24%) achieved a poor outcome (Group A, GOS 1-3) and 2 (11.76%) a good outcome (Group B, GOS 4-5). The mortality rate at one month after surgery was 52.9%. Average preoperative NIHSS was $27.6{\pm}10.88%$ in group A and $10{\pm}4.24%$ in group B. Mean cerebral infarction fraction at the septum pellucidum level before surgery in group A and B were 33.67% and 23.72%, respectively. Mean preoperative NIHSS (p=0.019) and cerebral infarction fraction at the septum pellucidum level (p=0.017) were found to be significantly associated with a better outcome. However, no preexisting prognostic factor was found to be of statistical significance. Conclusion : The rate of mortality after ICA territory infarction treatment is relatively high, despite positive evidence for surgical decompression, and most survivors experience severe disabilities. Our findings caution that careful consideration of prognostic factors is required when considering surgical treatment.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2000

Background and Purpose: Stroke in young adults is relatively uncommon. Only 3.7-14.4% of all strokes occur in patients aged 15-45 years. Stroke in young adults has more various and diverse possible causes than stroke in the elderly. We studied to gain further insight into both pathogenic and etiologic determinants in young adults with stroke. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 230 young patients aged 15-45 years who were admitted to the 2nd internal medicine department of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center with a diagnosis of stroke between May 1995 and May 1999. We analysed clinical features and diagnostic tests, such as brain imaging, cerebral angiography, echocardiography, 24 hours holter monitoring and other laboratory tests. Results : 1. Of 230 young patients with stroke aged 15-45 years(176 males(76.5%) and 54 females(23.5%)), 140 patients(60.9%) showed ischemic stroke and 90 patients(39.1 %) showed hemorragic stroke. 2. The most prevalent age group was from 40 to 45 years with 142 patients(61.7%) 3. The most frequent site of 140 ischemic stroke was MCA territory in 93 cases(66.4%) and Multiple, VA territory, PCA territory, ACA territory in order of frequency. 4. The most frequent site of 90 hemorrhagic stroke was basal galglia hemorrhage 57 cases(63.3%) and subcortical 13 cases(14.5%), pons, thalmus, subarachnoid, cerebellum in order of frequency. 5. The causes of hemorrhagic stroke were hypertension 49 cases(54.5%), arteriovenous malformation 7 cases(7.8%), ruptured aneurysm 4 cases(4.5%), angioma 3 cases(3.3%). 6. The risk factors of ischemic stroke were smoking, alcohol drinking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, heart disease, history of CVA, diabetes mellitus, in order of frequency. 7. The comparison of risk factors between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: hypertension was prevalent in hemorrhagic stroke, heart disease and history of CVA were prevalent in ischemic stroke. Conclusions: From the above results, we found that stroke in young adults had various possible causes. Young adults with stroke deserve an extensive but tailored evaluation which include angiography and echocardiography for diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2005

Objective : Although an encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis procedure using the superficial temporal artery [STA-EDAS] is an effective indirect bypass method in children with moyamoya disease[MMD], there is still a need for an additional bypass operation that can cover the area of the posterior circulation. The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the EDAS procedure using the occipital arteries [OA-EDAS]. Methods : From August 2003 to April 2004, We performed OA-EDAS in sixteen patients with MMD who have a circulatory insufficiency in the territory of the posterior cerebral artery[PCA]. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The surgical outcomes, including the changes in neurological status and imaging studies, with the degree of neovascularization on the cerebral angiogram, and the hemodynamic changes on single-photon emission computed tomography[SPECT], were analyzed. Results : These 16 children consisted of 5 boys and 11 girls aged 2 to 9 years. The clinical outcome of their PCA symptoms, such as visual transient ischemic attacks[TIAs] or visual field defect, was favorable in 14 patients of 16. Nine patients of 11 who underwent follow up magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] showed favorable MRI changes. On angiogram most of the patients exhibited good or fair revascularization of the PCA territory [7 of 8]. The hemodynamic changes on SPECT in the PCA territory after surgery showed improved vascular reserve in 13 of the 16 territories. Conclusion : OA-EDAS is a safe and efficacious revascularization procedure in patients with MMD who have compromised cerebral perfusion in PCA territory, or with visual TIAs.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.985-996
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• 2019

Objective: To determine the correlation between cerebral blood flow (CBF) on arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI and the degree of postoperative revascularization assessed on digital subtraction angiography in children with moyamoya disease (MMD). Materials and Methods: Twenty-one children (9 boys and 12 girls; mean age, 8.4 ± 3.6 years; age range, 3-16 years) with MMD who underwent both pseudocontinuous ASL MRI at 1.5T and catheter angiography before and after superficial temporal artery encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis were included in this retrospective study. The degree of revascularization in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was evaluated on external carotid angiography and was graded on a 3-point scale. On ASL CBF maps, regions of interest were manually drawn over the MCA territory of the operated side at the level of the centrum semi-ovale and over the cerebellum. The normalized CBF (nCBF) was calculated by dividing the CBF of the MCA territory by the CBF of the cerebellum. Changes in nCBFs were calculated by subtracting the preoperative nCBF values from the postoperative nCBF values. The correlation between nCBF changes measured with ASL and the revascularization grade from direct angiography was evaluated. Results: The nCBF value on the operated side increased after the operation (p = 0.001). The higher the degree of revascularization, the greater the nCBF change was: poor revascularization (grade 1), -0.043 ± 0.212; fair revascularization (grade 2), 0.345 ± 0.176; good revascularization (grade 3), 0.453 ± 0.182 (p = 0.005, Jockheere-Terpstra test). The interobserver agreement was excellent for the measured CBF values of the three readers (0.91-0.97). Conclusion: The nCBF values of the MCA territory obtained from ASL MRI increased after the revascularization procedure in children with MMD, and the degree of nCBF change showed a significant correlation with the degree of collateral formation evaluated via catheter angiography.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제33호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2002

Virtual reality is not a new concept but just a new word and also it isnt limited to the reality created by computer-assisted image composition. Furthermore, we have lived within the virtual reality since long time ago, and the newly emerging digital technology has made the limits of the virtual expression vague and the definition of space concept new, The magical experiences we have had within the digital space consisted of Virtual space are the philosophical subject which we can hardly explain as a simple dichotomous definition such as Virtuality or Reality. But its true that our experiences made within virtual space are felt as much newer space considering those of space design, which have been traditionally made in our physical territory. Digital game is the representative space that provides a new space. Therefore, the new concept in space will be not just the territory expansion of space but also the opportunity we can find a new possibility through the relation between human and space. At this point in time that the life territory is expanding as a new space, this research goal is to show the new possibility of the connection of human and digital space through studying the relationship of Human and Space, Space and Digital space and Human and Digital space as well as The peculiarity of the space which is expressed at Digital game, the most representative space providing new experiences.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.289-292
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• 2009

Objective : Although there are several descriptions of this vessel, there is no detailed angiographic study of the accessory middle cerebral artery (AMCA) in Korea. We describe the angiographic characteristics of the cortical territory and origin of AMCA and discuss the clinical significance of this anomaly. Methods : We searched for patients with AMCAs from a retrospective review of 1,250 conventional cerebral angiograms. We determined the origins, diameters and cortical territories of these AMCAs. Results : Fifteen patients (15 of 1250 = 1.2%) had 16 AMCAs (one patient had bilateral AMCAs). AMCAs originated from the distal A1 in eleven cases, middle A1 in two, proximal A1 in two, and proximal A2 in one case. All AMCAs followed a course parallel to the main middle cerebral artery (MCA). All but three of these arteries were smaller than the main MCA. Thirteen of the smaller diameter AMCAs had cortical distribution to the orbito-frontal and prefrontal, and precentral areas. Three AMCAs had diameter as large as the main MCA. These three supplied the orbito-frontal, prefrontal, precentral, central and anterior-parietal arteries. Conclusion : The AMCAs originated from A1 or A2. Most had smaller diameter than the main MCA. The AMCAs coursed along the horizontal portion of the MCA, but supplied the orbital surface, the anterior frontal lobe and sometimes wider cortical territory, including the precentral, central, anterior-parietal areas.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.789-795
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• 2015

A chromosome territory is composed of chromosomal subdomains. The internal structure of chromosomal subdomains provides a structural framework for many genomic activities such as replication and DNA repair, and thus is key to determining the basis of their mechanisms. However, the internal structure and regulating proteins of a chromosomal subdomain remains elusive. Previously, we showed that the chromosome territory expanded after BAF53 knockdown. Because the integrity of chromosomal subdomains is a deciding factor of the volume of a chromosome territory, we examined here the effect of BAF53 knockdown on chromosomal subdomains. We found that BAF53 knockdown led to the disintegration of histone H2B-GFP-visualized chromosomal subdomains and BrdU-labeled replication foci. In addition, the size of DNA loops measured by the maximum fluorescent halo technique increased and became irregular after BAF53 knockdown, indicating DNA loops were released from the residual nuclear structure. These data can be accounted for by the model that BAF53 is prerequisite for maintaining the structural integrity of chromosomal subdomains.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1984

• 한국동물학회:뉴스레터
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.84.1-84
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text