• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2018

Korean students with much exposure to the relatively slow and clear speech used in most English classes in Korea can be expected to have difficulty understanding the casual style that is common in the everyday speech of English speakers. This research attempted to investigate an effective way to utilize casual speech in English education, by exploring the way different speech styles (clear vs. casual) affect Korean learners' comprehension of spoken English. Twenty Korean university students and two native speakers of English participated in a listening session. The English utterances were produced in different speech styles (clear slow, casual slow, clear fast, and casual fast). The Korean students were divided into two groups by English proficiency level. The results showed that the Korean students achieved 69.4% comprehension accuracy, while the native speakers of English demonstrated almost perfect results. The Korean students (especially the low-proficiency group) had more problems perceiving function words than they did perceiving content words. Responding to the different speech styles, the high-proficiency group had more difficulty listening to utterances with phonological variation than they did listening to utterances produced at a faster speed. The low-proficiency group, however, struggled with utterances produced at a faster speed more than they did with utterances with phonological variation. The pedagogical implications of the results are discussed in the concluding section.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.125-141
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• 2002

This paper examines the pragmatic features of the thanking and apologizing moves which appear in requestive email of Korean speakers of English as a foreign language and American English native speakers. It is important for second language learners to behave appropriately in a target language when communicating with other English speakers who have different cultural backgrounds. The result of this study revealed the differences in the use of thanking and apologizing moves in the requestive email between Koreans and Americans. Koreans used fewer moves of thanking and more moves of apologizing than Americans in three different situations. Koreans' underuse of thanking which is a routine and formulaic expression for Americans could be a marked phenomenon to a recipient of the email in English bringing about a minus effect.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2010

This study provides a description of the glottal characteristics of the word-initial low vowels /a, $\ae$/ in terms of a set of acoustic parameters and discusses glottal configuration as their acoustic correlates. Furthermore, it examines the effect of prosodic boundary on the glottal properties of the vowels, seeking an account of the possible role of prosodic structure based on prosodic theory. Acoustic parameters reported to indicate glottal characteristics were obtained from the measurements made directly from the speech spectrum on recordings of Korean and English collected from 45 speakers. They consist of two separate groups of native Korean and native English speakers, each including both male and female speakers. Based on the three acoustic parameters of open quotient (OQ), first-formant bandwidth (B1), and spectral tilt (ST), comparisons were made between the speech of males and females, between the speech of native Korean and native English speakers, and between Korean and English produced by native Korean speakers. Acoustic analysis of the experimental data indicates that some or all glottal parameters play a crucial role in differentiating the speech groups, despite substantial interspeaker variations. Statistical analysis of the Korean data indicates prosodic strengthening with respect to the acoustic parameters B1 and OQ, suggesting acoustic enhancement in terms of the degree of glottal abduction and the glottal closure during a vibratory cycle.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the intonation of Korean speakers in English sentence adverbials. The intonation of English sentence adverbials is realized by its syntactic and semantic meaning. Many Korean speakers realize falling or stylized high-rising intonation instead of fall-rising in attitudinal adverbials. In addition, Korean students don't realize deaccenting in likelihood adverbials. These results suggest that the intonation patterns in current English textbooks are not sufficient for English intonation education at school.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

Focused items in English sentences are usually accompanied by changes in acoustic manifestation. This paper investigates the acoustic characteristics of $H^*$ in English utterances produced by natives speakers of English and Korean learners of English. To obtain more reliable results, the changes of the acoustic feature values (F0, intensity, syllable duration) were normalized by a median value and a whole duration of each utterance. Acoustic values of sentences with no focused words were compared with those of sentences with focused words within each group (Americans vs. Koreans). Sentences with focused words were compared between the two groups, too. In the instances in which a significant Group x Focus Location (initial, middle and final of a sentence) interaction was obtained, further analysis testing the effect of Group on each Focus Location was conducted. The analysis revealed that Korean learners of English produced focused words with lower F0, lower intensity and shorter syllable duration than native speakers of English. However, the effect of intensity change caused by focus was not significant within each group. Further analysis examining the interaction of Group and Focus Location showed that the change in F0 produced by Korean group was significantly lower in the middle and the final positions of sentences than by American group. Implications for the intonation training were also discussed.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

The aims of this study were three. First, to examine the degree of deviation from dictionary prescribed symbols and actual speech made by American English speakers. Second, to measure the frequency of vowel and consonant production of American English speakers. And third, to investigate gender differences in the segmental sounds in a speech corpus. The Buckeye Speech Corpus was recorded by forty American male and female subjects for one hour per subject. The vowels and consonants in both the phonemic and phonetic transcriptions were extracted from the original files of the corpus and their frequencies were obtained using codes of a free software R. Results were as follows: Firstly, the American English speakers produced a reduced number of vowels and consonants in daily conversation. The reduction rate from the dictionary transcriptions to the actual transcriptions was around 38.2%. Secondly, the American English speakers used more front high and back low vowels while three-fourths of the consonants accounted for stops, fricatives, and nasals. This indicates that the segmental inventory has nonlinear frequency distribution in the speech corpus. Thirdly, the two gender groups produced vowels and consonants similarly even though there were a few noticeable differences in their speech. From these results we propose that English teachers consider pronunciation education reflecting the actual speech sounds and that linguists find a way to establish unmarked segmentals from speech corpora.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2020

The current study was designed to investigate which type of phrase boundary tones high-intermediate Korean learners of English used in their spontaneous speech. These boundary tones were compared to those used in native speakers' spontaneous speech to examine whether the learners successfully acquired the use of boundary tones. To achieve this purpose, 10 Korean learners of English and four native speakers of English participated in the current study. The participants were asked to summarize the stories of short videos, and the tonal and the phrasing patterns of the obtained spontaneous speech were analyzed using Tone and Break Indices (ToBI) transcription conventions. The results indicated that both the native speakers and the Korean learners frequently marked their intonational phrase boundaries with high boundary tones. However, regarding the prosodic phrase positions within a sentence, Korean learners frequently used steep rising tones (i.e., H-H%) while native speakers used gradual rising tones (i.e., L-H%) for sentence-final intonational phrases. Overall, the findings suggested that high-intermediate Korean learners understood the forward-looking function of the high boundary tones and that they were able to make use of these tones to mark intonational phrases in their spontaneous speech.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.119-136
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• 2004

Ellipsis is the figure of speech characterized by the deliberate omission of words that are obviously understood, but that must be supplied to make a construction grammatically or semantically complete. The purpose of this study is to examine how ellipsis affects its adjacent elements acoustically and phonologically in English VP-ellipsis, sluicing and gapping. In the experiment, the realizations by English native speakers are set as the criteria for the observing point and are compared to Korean speakers' realizations. For the results, while English native speakers utilized various acoustic information such as word duration and pitch range and phonological information such as pith accent realization in order to intend the cues for decoding the missing constituent, Korean English learners relied on only duration information and could not use various information effectively.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.572-583
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• 2019

본 연구는 우리나라 영어교육환경에서 가장 이상적이고 적합한 원어민-한국인 영어교사 협동수업 모형과 효과적인 협동수업을 구성하기 위한 정의적 요인들이 무엇인지를 찾고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해, 서울특별시에 위치한 5개 초등학교 6학년 학생 총 165명을 연구대상으로 하여, 2019년 4월 1일부터 4월 30일까지 약 한달 간 설문조사와 다중회귀분석, 상관관계분석, 교차분석, t/F검증 등 통계분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 원어민-한국인 영어교사 협동수업 인식 중 수업관련 기술, 과제지 향성, 교수-학습전략, 학습동기유발 순으로 정의적 요인에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 성별/수업형태에 따라, 원어민-한국인 영어교사의 협동수업에 대한 인식의 차이를 검증한 결과, 성별과 현재 참여하고 있는 영어 협동수업유형에 따라 원어민-한국인 영어교사 협동수업에 대한 인식에는 차이가 있었지만, 원하는 영어 협동수업유형에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 원어민-한국인 영어교사 협동수업에 대한 인식의 하위요인은 확인되지 않았다. 셋째, 성별/수업형태에 따라, 학습자의 정의적 요인의 차이를 검증한 결과, 성별에 따른 차이는 발생하였지만, 현재 영어 협동수업유형에 따른 학습자 정의적 요인은 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 또한, 원하는 영어 협동수업유형에 따른 학자 정의적 요인의 차이도 발생하지 않았다.

• 음성과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.7-21
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• 2006

The intent of the present study is to investigate the acoustic properties of Korean /w/ in various phonological contexts, compare them with those of English /w/, and attempt to explain why English /w/'s are perceived differently by Korean speakers depending on the phonological contexts. Experiments 1 and 2 present the acoustic measure of F2 of Korean /w/ in various linguistic positions and show that unlike English /w/, Korean /w/ shows quite a strong coarticulation with the following vowel. Based on these experiments, Experiment 3 investigates why English /w/ is adapted differently into Korean. Specifically, it discusses why English /wain/ is adapted as /wain/ whereas English /twin/ is adapted into Korean as $/t^{h_i}win/$ with an extra vowel. This study argues that the different perception of English /w/ by Korean and English speakers is due to the different F2 transitional pattern of /w/ in Korean and English in various phonological contexts. It also argues that the F2 transitional pattern is an important factor in the perception of /w/.