• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1999

In this paper, an algorithm based on Snakes is proposed to detect the boundary of 3D images. From the first-slice MR image, the boundary of an object is detected manually. The detected boundary points are used as initial control points for detecting the boundary of the next MR image. To detect the boundary from the rest of MR images automatically, an energy term using spatial correlation between adjacent images is added to the Greedy Snakes energy formulation. A measure of shape similarity called BMD was used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The average BMD value for the proposed algorithm's result is higher than Greedy algorithm's showing the utility of the proposed method.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.445-448
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• 2011

A survey was performed to find out the intermediate hosts of Gnathostoma nipponicum in Jeju-do (Province), the Republic of Korea. In August 2009 and 2010, a total of 82 tadpoles, 23 black-spotted pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata), 7 tiger keelback snakes (Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus), 6 red-tongue viper snakes (Agkistrodon ussuriensis), and 2 cat snakes (Elaphe dione) were collected in Jeju-do and examined by the pepsin-HCl digestion method. Total 5 gnathostome larvae were detected in 3 (50%) of 6 A. ussuriensis, 70 larvae in 3 of 7 (42.9%) R. tigrinus tigrinus, and 2 larvae in 2 of 82 (8.7%) frogs. No gnathostome larvae were detected in tadpoles and cat snakes. The larvae detected were a single species, and $2.17{\times}0.22mm$ in average size. They had characteristic head bulbs, muscular esophagus, and 4 cervical sacs. Three rows of hooklets were arranged in the head bulbs, and the number of hooklets in each row was 29, 33, and 36 posteriorly. All these characters were consistent with the advanced third-stage larvae of G. nipponicum. It has been first confirmed in Jeju-do that R. nigromaculata, A. ussuriensis, and R. tigrinus tigrinus play a role for intermediate and/or paratenic hosts for G. nipponicum.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.236-239
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• 1997

Snakes is an active contour model or representing image contours. To detect chest boundary on thoracic MRI sequences, we proposed a method based on modified greedy algorithm. Because thoracic MRI sequences have a spatial correlation, we added energy term related with spatial correlation to Snakes energy formulation. A measure of shape similarity called the BMD was used to evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm. The average BMD value or the modified algorithm's result is higher than greedy algorithm's.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2009

To suggest effective ways of the management of reptiles in Korea national parks, we applied PIT (passive integrated transponder) tag and radio telemetry research methods in the monitoring of reptiles in Odaesan and Woraksan national parks. We implanted PIT tags into 137 snakes (six species) captured in both the national parks between March 2006 and October 2008 and also radio-tracked two Korean rat snakes (Elaphe schrenckii anomala) from September 2007 to November 2008 in the Woraksan national park. Of total 137 snakes which we had inserted the PIT tag, 17 snakes (12.40%) were recaptured. Based on the PIT tag data of the recapture, we successfully obtained the annual growth rate of Korean cat snakes (Elaphe dione) and Red-tongue pit-viper (Gloydius ussuriensis). Home range of the Korean rat snakes based on the data of radiotracking was estimated as 389,600$m^2$ (MCP: Minimum convex polygon) and 471,800$m^2$ (Kernel 95%) for males and 162,500$m^2$ and 208,700$m^2$ for females. These results suggest that if we apply PIT tag and radio telemetry research methods to manage reptiles in Korea national parks, it could greatly increase our understanding about their basic ecology and as the result, it could allow us to develop better management and conservation ways of reptiles in Korea national parks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.9
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• pp.75-88
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• 1985

This study is on the expressive will of human beings by way of examining turtle patterns. Turtle represents spiritual, incantatory implications and the idea1s of long life and of fortune. From ancient to the present the turtle patterns have expressed various kinds of arts on these concepts. The researchs on the examples of turtle patterns are summed up as follows. 1. Single form of turtle shows a turtle wrapped by snakes and is generally regarded as a symbol of long life with respect to the mysteries of the Tao. 2. HyunMu type is of an imaginary animal which is wrapped by snakes. 3. Turtle shell type is hexagon accumulated 1ike successive bee-hives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.496-498
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• 2001

Snake 모델(active contour model)은 초기값을 설정해주면 자동으로 임의의 물체의 윤곽을 찾아내는 알고리즘으로 영상에서 특정 영역을 분할하여 할 때 많이 이용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 칼라 영상에서 얼굴과 얼굴의 특징점을 찾는 방법으로 이 알고리즘을 적용한다. 특히, 주어진 영상의 RGB 값을 정규화(normalization) 해주는 전처리 과정을 통해 얼굴의 특징점 후보 영역을 얻어내는 초기 값을 설정해주어야 하는 과정을 생략해주고 보다 정확한 값을 얻을 수 있도록 구현한다. RGB 값을 이용한 정규화 과정을 적용한 방법과 적용하지 않은 방법을 구현한 결과를 비교해줌으로써, 정규화 과정을 거친 방법의 성능이 더 우수함을 보여준다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.181-185
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• 2016

Human sparganosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with larval forms (procercoid/plerocercoid) of Spirometra spp. The purpose of this study was to identify Spirometra spp. of infected snakes using a multiplex PCR assay and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data from the spargana of terrestrial snakes obtained from Korea and China. A total of 283 snakes were obtained that included 4 species of Colubridae comprising Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus (n=150), Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum (n=64), Elaphe davidi (n=2), and Elaphe schrenkii (n=7), and 1 species of Viperidae, Agkistrodon saxatilis (n=60). The snakes were collected from the provinces of Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Gyeongbuk in Korea (n=161), and from China (n=122). The overall infection rate with spargana was 83% (235/283). The highest was recorded for D. rufozonatum rufozonatum (100%), followed by A. saxatilis (85%) and R. tigrinus tigrinus (80%), with a negative result for E. davidi (0%) and E. schrenkii (0%). The sequence identities between the spargana from snakes (n=50) and Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (KJ599680) or S. decipiens (KJ599679) control specimens were 90.8% and 99.2%, respectively. Pairwise genetic distances between spargana (n=50) and S. decipiens ranged from 0.0080 to 0.0107, while those between spargana and S. erinaceieuropaei ranged from 0.1070 to 0.1096. In this study, all of the 904 spargana analyzed were identified as S. decipiens either by a multiplex PCR assay (n=854) or mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis (n=50).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2016

The majority of parasitological studies of terrestrial snakes in Korea have focused on zoonotic parasites. However, in the present study, we describe 3 unrecorded nematode species recovered from 5 species of snakes (n=6) in Korea. The examined snakes, all confiscated from illegal hunters, were donated by the Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center and Korean Broadcasting System in July 2014 and February 2015. Light and scanning electron microscopies on the shapes of spicules that are either bent or straight (kalicephalids) and the presence of the intestinal cecum (ophidascarids) figured out 3 nematodes; Kalicephalus brachycephalus Maplestone, 1931, Kalicephalus sinensis $Hs{\ddot{u}}$, 1934, and Ophidascaris excavata $Hs{\ddot{u}}$ and Hoeppli, 1934. These 3 species of nematode faunas are recorded for the first time in Korea.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2016

Recent ocean warming near the Korean peninsula and our lack of knowledge of an important vertebrate group, the sea snakes, encouraged us to clarify this part of Korea's regional fauna. We re-examined photographs that had been used to report the slender-necked sea snake (Hydrophis melanocephalus) in 1995. We discovered it was misidentified. To determine the correct identity of the sea snake, we studied 13 original photographs taken at the collecting site in Sooyoung Bay, Busan-si, in 1995 and determined the snake to be Laticauda semifasciata based on enlarged ventral scales, definitive for Laticaudinae sea snakes, and internasal scales, pale blue body color, divided rostral scale, and evident "V"-shaped stripes on the body trunk, definitive for L. semifasciata. Therefore, the snake caught 30 years ago in Korean waters should be considered the first record of a Laticaudinae sea snake in Korean waters. L. semifasciata is listed as near threatened setting the stage for urgently needed studies of sea snakes in Korea and supporting those currently underway.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-24
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• 2022

Elapid snakes have neurotoxic venom which causes diverse neuroparalytic manifestations, including fatal respiratory failure. In South Korea, since elapid snakebites are very rare, the cobra antivenom, which is effective against neurotoxicity, was only introduced recently. Most physicians in South Korea have little experience in the treatment of patients who have been bitten by elapid snakes. A 19-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with sudden diplopia, 1 hour after a snakebite on the left 2nd finger. The patient presented with drowsiness and complained of mild dizziness and binocular diplopia. After 1 hour, he had sudden onset of dyspnea and dysphagia and appeared to be agitated. He was immediately intubated and received mechanical ventilation as he was unable to breathe on his own. A total of 2.5 mg of neostigmine diluted with normal saline was slowly infused, and 1 vial of cobra antivenom was infused for an hour, 5 times every 2 hours, for a total of 5 vials. He slowly recovered self-breathing; on the 3rd day of hospitalization, he showed tolerable breathing and was extubated. He was discharged without any neurological deficits or other complications.