• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1991

The flavonoids from plants is very widly used as natural dye for food and medicine etc. In this study, red pine which is widespread in Korea was studied to find new chemicals which may use as raw material for the special purpose. The fIavonoids of red pine bark were separated with Sephadex LH-20 and Toyo pearl HW-40F as packed materials and the structure of separated f1avonoids was determined by $^1H$-and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy. The (+) catechin which is widespread in nature and dihydroquercetin-3'-0-${\beta}$-galactoside were found in red pine bark. The dihydroquercetin-3'-0-${\beta}$-galactoside is newly found in this species.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1983

솔잎혹파리가 소나무 생장(生長)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 그 발생경과년수(發生經過年數)가 서로 다른 충청남도(忠清南道) 서천군(舒川郡), 보령군(保寧郡), 홍성군내(洪城郡內) 9개(個) 지역(地域)에서 조사(調査), 비교(比較)하였다. 이 조사(調査)는 피해허용한계(被害許容限界)를 알기 위한 첫 단계(段階)로 소나무피해(被害)의 개황(槪況)을 본 것으로 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 솔잎혹파리가 발생(發生)된 소나무의 피해(被害)는 4~5년간(年間) 지속(持續)되는데 2~3년차(年次)에 가장 심(甚)하였다. 2) 솔잎혹파리의 충영형성(蟲廮形成)은 소나무의 직경생장(直径生長)과 수고생장(樹高生長)의 저해(沮害)를 동시(同時)에 일으킨다. 3) 소나무의 직경생장(直径生長)과 수고생장간(樹高生長間)에는 밀접(密接)한 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었으며 솔잎혹파리 피해(被害)에도 불구하고 이 관계(關係)는 교란되지 않았다. 따라서, 주신초(主新梢)의 생장저해(生長沮害) 상황(狀況)을 가지고 직경생장(直径生長)의 저해정도(沮害程度)를 추정(推定)할 수 있을 것이다. 4) 솔잎혹파리의 충영율(蟲廮率)은 북향(北向)에서 월등(越等)하게 높아 소나무의 고사(枯死)도 북향(北向)에서 높았다. 5) 솔잎혹파리로 인(因)한 13년생(年生) 소나무의 재적생장손실(材積生長損失)은 수확표와 비교(比較)할 때 75~85% 이상(以上)이 되고 이 피해(被害)는 정상적(正常的)인 생장(生長)을 되찾아도 복구(復舊)되기 어려울 것 같다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Korean red pine bark extract as an antibiotic replacements on cholesterol, fatty acids and the shelf-life of chicken meat. To accomplish this, chickens were fed the optimal level of red pine bark extract that was found to replace antibiotics in the diet of broilers. A total of 180 male broilers(Ross strain 308) were divided into three treated groups, T1(control group), T2(8 ppm of avilamycin) and T3(65 ppm of red pine bark extract per kg diet). The lipid content was reduced by 24.67% and 20.49% in T3 group, while the cholesterol level also decreased significantly in the T3 group by 20.49% and 20.55% when compared to the T1 and T2 groups, respectively. In addition, the saturated fatty acid level was lower in the T3 group than in the T1 and T2 groups, while the unsaturated fatty acid level of the T3 group was significantly higher than those of the other groups. The TBARS value of chicken thigh muscle containing its skin on the 7th day of low temperature storage was significantly lower by 23.86% and 21.17% in the T3 group than in the T1 and T2 groups, respectively. Evaluation of the color of the meat revealed that the $L^*$value (lightness) and $b^*$value(yellowness) were higher in the T3 group than in the T1 and the T2 groups, but that the pH was significantly lower in the T3. Based on the results of this study, the addition of 65 ppm red pine bark extract to the diet of broilers should improve their meat quality with respect to the lipid contents and shelf-life when compared to the addition of antibiotics.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1996

The model PINUSCO2 hased of physiology was creted to simulate carbon dioxide budget in a population of red pine(pinus densiflora) which is one of the dominant species in Korea. Driving forces of PINUSCO2 are global radiation, maximum and minimum air temperatures. State variables fo the model are standing crops of leaf, branch, trunk and root of the red pine population. PINUSCO2 calculates net photosynthesis of canopy and respiration of each organ with 1 hour time step. PINUSCO2 estimated the annual gross productivity, respiration and net productivity of the red pine population as 43.99, 24.55, and 19.44 ton CO2·ha-1·yr-1, respectively, at the study sity(35°58′00"N, 128°25′35"E). PINUSCO2 showed that the red pine population grew mainly in spring and fall, and that in summer daily net population productivity frequently became negative.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.46-48
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• 2005

Growth inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of green tea and pine needles on Bacillus stearothermophilus isolated from spoiled red bean paste were detected at concentrations higher than 750 ppm, and antimicrobial activity of pine needle extract was slightly higher than that of green tea exract. Growth inhibitory effect of pine needle extract in nutrient broth adjusted to pH 6.0, water-activity 0.92, and $45\;^{\circ}$Brix was observed at 500 ppm. These results indicated growth of B. stearothermophilus could be inhibited by adding pine needle and green tea extracts.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1986

Black pine, Pinus thumbergii, stands in southwestern Korea were investigated. The black pine forest with 90 percent or more in the relative basal area (black pine basal area/whole pine basal area, RBA) was found in the coastal area. However, from the coastal area to the inland. RBA of the pine was decreased because the competition with red pine (P. densiflora) and/or pitch pine (P. rigida). In 25 year-old plants at the coastal areas, the wood volume of black pine is twofold or more than that of red pine, fourfold or more than that of pitch pine. The optimum rotation period for the maximum yield of black pine is estimated to take 35 years, based on the site index calculated. The optimal temperature for the pine plantation in Korean peninula should be the area in over 105。C.month in warmth index. And the soil conditions with 50% of RBA or over were 0.025%~0.151% of soil salinity, 3~6% of organic matter content, pH value 4.50~5.04, 8.5~11.0 me/100g of C.E.C..

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 엘니뇨-남방진동(ENSO)이 한반도 중부지역의 수목 생장에 미친 영향을 조사하기 위하여 잣나무, 소나무, 주목을 대상으로 연륜분석을 실시하였다. 잣나무와 소나무는 설악산에서 각각 4개, 7개 지역에서 채취하였으며, 주목은 소백산의 1개 지역에서 채취하였다. 연륜 생장과 월 평균기온과의 상관관계를 구한 결과, 설악산 잣나무와 소백산 주목은 대체적으로 기온과 양의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 설악산 소나무는 기온과 음의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 연륜생장과 월별 남방진동지수(SOI)와의 상관관계를 구한 결과, 잣나무의 경우는 고도상 생육하한선인 설악산 한계령 하부 지역에서 4월 SOI와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타내었으나, 나머지 지역 잣나무는 모두 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 소나무의 경우는 백담산장 지역에서 생육전년도 8월과 9월 SOI와 연륜생장이 유의한 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으나 고지대에 자라는 지역의 소나무는 모두 상관이 인정되지 않았다. 엘니뇨가 발생하면 중부지역의 생육하한선에 자라는 잣나무는 생장이 양호해지는 반면에 저지대에 자라는 소나무의 경우 생장이 저하되는 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.89.1-89
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• 2003

Disease suppression by ectomycorrhizal(ECM) fungi has been demonstrated on red pine seedlings. Culturing of pathogenic fungi on petri plates containing culture filtrates of ECM fungi showed that culture filtrates of the ECM fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum may inhibit the mycelial growth of all tested soil-borne plant pathogenic(SBPP) fungi upto 60％, In order to examine the effects of ECM fungi on SBPP fungi and on red pine seedlings, both symbiotic and pathogenic fungi were inoculated into the soil with red pine seedlings by three inoculation methods; pre-inoculation of SBPP fungi 10 days before inoculation of ECM fungi, simultaneous inoculation of both fungi, post-inoculation of SBPP fungi 60 days after inoculation of ECM fungi. Seedling mortality, seedling growth, and ectomycorrhizal formation by the combined treatments were examined and compared. Pine seedlings were dead by the pre-inoculation of pathogenic fungi, except Rhizina undulate which required 9-12 days, within 6 days after inoculation. Among pathogenic fungi tested, Fusarium oxysporum was the most pathogenic with the mortality of 44％. However, no dead seedlings were shown by simultaneous inoculation of both fungi or pre-inoculation of ECM fungi. In addition, pine seedlings treated by simultaneous or post-inoculation of SBPP fungi were relatively higher than those treated by pre-inoculation in diameter at root crown and the number of ectomycorrhizal roots. There were no significant differences among inoculation methods in root length and dry weight of treated seedlings. It means that ECM fungi somehow play a role in protecting primary roots of red pine seedlings against invasion by the SBPP fungi.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1976

This Study was carried out to investigate the course of air-drying and drying defects of red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) and Italian poplar (Populus eurameriana I-476) boards 1,2 and 3cm thick in the flat pile. The results are as follows. 1. Air-drying curves for red pine and Italian poplar boards were same as figure 1 and 2. These moisture contents were lower in July and August during seasoning periods. 2. Air drying time of red pine board required to dry 15 percent moisture content in one week for 1 cm board, five weeks for 2 cm board and six weeks for 3cm board respectively. In case of Italian poplar boards, in one week for 1 cm board, four weeks for 2 cm and five weeks for 3 cm board. The thickness of board influenced the time for air drying. 3. Drying defects such as checking, warping and staining happened badly in pine than in Italian poplar boards. Especially, checking was severe in thicker board and warping in thinner board.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 소나무(Pinus Densiflora)와 잣나무(Pinus Koraensis)에 대한 연소특성을 비교 평가하였다. 두 수종은 한옥의 부재로 널리 사용되고 있으며, 그 체적밀도는 소나무가 잣나무에 비하여 상대적으로 큰 값을 가지고 있다. 목재의 연소특성은 해당 수종의 체적밀도와 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있는데 본 연구에서 방염성능에 있어서는 뚜렷한 차이를 확인하기는 어려웠지만 콘칼로리미터 시험방법에 있어서는 총 방출열량, 평균 열방출률 비교를 통하여 목재 수종의 체적밀도의 상관성을 확인하였다. CO/$CO_2$의 비로부터 알 수 있는 연소가스의 유해성은 난연처리에 의해 높아진 것으로 나타났다.