• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.206-226
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eating with family or alone on the self-rated mental or physical health and then work out strategies of making people recognize the importance of eating with family and its practice. Study subjects were 610 primary school 5th- and 6th-grade students in Daejeon Area. A questionnaire survey was carried out. 57.9% of students had working mothers. The frequency of meal in a day was $2.90{\pm}0.42$ and this frequency was lower in students who had working mothers (p < 0.05). The frequency of skipping breakfast (times/week) was $1.02{\pm}1.77$. The frequencies of eating alone (times/week) were $1.04{\pm}1.65$ for breakfast and $0.97{\pm}1.52$ for dinner. Also, the frequency of eating alone for dinner was higher in students who had working mothers (p < 0.001). When the frequency of eating alone for breakfast or dinner was higher, the frequencies of skipping breakfast and dinner were also higher (for all, p <0.01). When the frequency of eating alone for breakfast or dinner was higher, the self-rated positive mental health were lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively) and the self-rated negative mental health (for dinner, p < 0.05) and the self-rated negative physical health was higher (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively), thus presenting negative health. The frequencies of eating with family (times/week) were $3.37{\pm}2.50$ for breakfast and $4.14{\pm}2.19$ for dinner. Also, the frequency of eating with family for dinner was lower in students who had working mothers (p < 0.01). When the frequency of eating with family for breakfast was higher, the frequency of skipping breakfast was lower (p < 0.01). When the frequency of eating with family for dinner was higher, the frequency of skipping dinner was lower (p <0.01). In addition, when the frequency of eating with family for breakfast or dinner was higher, the self-rated positive mental health were higher (for both, p <0.01) and the self-rated negative mental health was lower (for breakfast, p < 0.01) and self-rated negative physical health were lower (for both, p <0.01), thus presenting positive health. Therefore, in order to maintain positive health, it is necessary to recognize the importance of eating with family at home and educate people to carry out a systematic and continuous dietary life, thus increasing eating with family and reducing eating alone and skipping a meal.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2005

Children and teenagers have a higher frequency of proximal surface caries in the posterior teeth than adults. For proximal restoration, class II amalgam or stainless steel crown has been widely used in the past, however composite resin restoration is getting ore popular due to it's superior cosmetic appearance. When applying composite resin on proximal area, various types of matrix bands can be utilized according to the operator's reference or skill. Such bands have several clinical effects including suitability for proximal margin, reduction of micro-leakage, moisture-control against saliva and ease finishing and polishing. In this case report, orthodontic bands were utilized instead of matrix bands as a remedy for proximal restorations in both primary and permanent teeth and their clinical advantages are as follows. 1. Orthodontic bands showed superior marginal adaptation compared to conventional matrix bands and moisture-control against saliva was excellent. 2. While applying composite resin, deformation of restoration material was estimated to be insignificant due to he rigidity of the orthodontic bands. 3. Natural tooth contour of the orthodontic bands facilitates to reproduce proximal tooth contour of the restoration. 4. In general, pediatric dentists are accustomed to applying orthodontic bands and this may allow pediatric dentists to make proximal composite restorations more efficiently than other dental specialists.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 1979

This study was carried out for the evaluation on the sociomedical characteristics of 1,580 cases who had recieved vasectomy and laparoscopic sterilization at the Busan Family Planning Clinic from January 1975 to December 1973. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In age distribution, the most predominant age group consited of 30.34 years as 44.7%. In regional distribution, the most predominant region was Youngdo Ku in the vasectomy group and Dong Ku in the laparoscopic sterilization group. 2. The educational level showed that the high school graduates(49.2%) in the vasectomy group and the primary school graduates(47.0%) in the laparoscopic sterilization group were the highest each other. 3. The most predominant experienced contraceptive method before accepted permanant sterilization operation was oral pills and non-experienced contraceptive method group was 54.1% of the total. 4. By the span of marital life before accepted permanant sterilization operation, the 5-9 years group was the highest. 5. The average number of living children per family was 2.54 in the vasectomy group and 3.0 in the laparoscopic sterilization group. 6. The average frequency of pregnancy per case was 2 in the vasectomy group and 3 in the laparoscopic sterilization group and the most predominant frequency of induces abortion was 1 per case. 7. The most predominant motive of accepting the sterilization operation were family planning education at the reserve forces training in the vasectomy group and at the mother's club in the laparoscopic sterilization group. 8. By the residing status of the cases, rented room was the highest as 69.4%.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.569-578
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• 2007

This study was performed to compare the shear bond strength of self etching system and two bottle bonding system with or without laser preparation. Group I was prepared with high speed rotary instrument and $Prompt^{TM}$ L-$Pop^{TM}$, group II with Er:YAG laser and $Prompt^{TM}$ L-$Pop^{TM}$, group III with Er:YAG laser, 37% phosphoric acid and Single bond, group IV with Er:YAG laser and Single bond and group V with high speed, etching and Single bond. And also observation of the prepared and etched dentin surface were performed under scanning electro-microscope. The possibility of clinical application of laser preparation which might have an advantage to reduce pain for children with less unfavorable noise were evaluated. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Group V showed significantly higher bond strength than other groups. And group IV showed significantly lower bond strength than other groups. 2. There was no significant difference between group I and group III. 3. Group II showed significantly lower bond strength than group I, III, V, but showed significantly higher bond strength than group IV. 4. Under scanning electro-microscope, laser-preparated dentin surface showed high irregularity and no smear layer. The surface showed less irregularities and more exposed dentinal tubules with etching. Laser preparation has many advantages over conventional tooth preparation. But this method showed lower resin bonding strength. Laser preparated tooth surface differed from the conventionally preparated tooth surface. More researches are needed on suitable methods for laser preparated dentin surface.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.207-220
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• 2006

The newly developed equipments for the early detection of carious lesion are LFD (laser fluorescence device), Ultrasonic diagnostic system, CLSM(confocal laser scanning microscopy), QLF(quantitative light-induced fluorescence) and DIFOTI (digital imaging fiber-optic trans-illumination) system. In this study, DIFOTI system and LFD were used for the detection of early enamel caries. Twenty five primary teeth extracted from twenty one children at around the dentitional exchanging period were selected as samples. The results obtained from DIFOTI imaging and LFD measurement were compared with those of CLSM and comprehensive evaluations were made for the diagnostic capacity of each device. In vitro test, 40 sample teeth with their buccal & lingual surface formed by a window of $2{\times}3mm$ in diameter were immersed in artificial demineralizing solution for the period of 4, 8, 12 and 16 days. The results obtained from the experimental groups (DIFOTI, LFD) were compared to control group (CLSM) and we have reached to the following conclusions. 1. The sensitivity and specificity of DIFOTI system operated in oral environment was 88.2% and 76.9% respectively. 2. The sensitivity and specificity of LFD measured in oral environment was 76.5% and 69.2% respectively. 3, Regression analysis on the light transparent rate of DIFOTI showed its decrease according to the length of primary enamel decalcification performed in vitro(r=-0.96, p<0.05). 4. No statistically significant difference between LFT measurement and the length of in vitro decalcification was found in regression analysis (p>0.05). 5. The correlation coefficient of DIFOTI image transparent rate and the lesion depth of CLMS was -0.6988 (p<0.05), whereas no statistically significant difference was found for LFD measurement.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.101-135
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• 1968

As physical fitness measured was muscle strength (hand grips, leg extention, back lift, and arm pull and thrust), skinfold thickness (5 different sites), circulatory function (resting heart rate and blood pressure), speed (kinesiological analysis during 100m sprint, record, maximal and final speed), motor function (50 meter dash, ball throwing, standing broad jump, and pull-ups), maximal aerobic power (maximum oxygen intake by field running method), muscle power (leg and arm by inertia ergometer), and general endurance (maximum endurance running time on the treadmill at the speed of 5 MPH and grade of 15.5%) of 1131 Korean children (boys 572, girls 559) aged of 6 to 17 years, who were randomly sampled from 24 primary, middle and high schools at the two districts of Seoul and KyungKi. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The status (height and weight) of the children was almost same as that of the previously reported Korean and Japanese children of same ages. 2) Muscle strength was a gained linearly with geting age in the boys and girls but there was a little improvement in girls aged of 13 years or more. 3) The mean skin fold thickness was increased linearly with geting ages in both sexes, but the girls from 12 to 17 years of age were increased rapidly, and maximum value was 17mm, while boys was 7.0 mm. 4) In the circulatory function, the resting heart rate was decreased, but the blood pressure was increased with ages in both sexes within the normal limits. 5) The maximum and final speed during 100 meter sprint increases with age in boys but girls who are 12 years old or older, were not improved any mere. The patterns of running were same in both sexes, and maximum speed reached at about 30 meters from starting line. 6) The motor function was increased with age in both sexes, but there was no improvement in 12 years of age or older girls. More over records of all functions except standing broad jump was less than those of Japanese in the same age, respectively. 7) The maximum oxygen intake (MOI) was increased considerably with ages and maximum values were 2.93 L/min (boys) and 2.09 L/min (girls) at the age of 17years. This result was almost same as that of the Japanese and Easter Island population, but the value was lower than that of Europe. The average of the maximum oxygen intake per kg body weight per minute from 9 to 17 years of age were around 53 ml in the boys and 42 ml in the girls. 8) Muscle power was increased linearly with ages in boys while there was relatively a little increment in girls. The maximum values of leg muscle in boys and girls at the 17 years of age were 0.168 and 0.088 horse power, respectively. 9) The maximum endurance running time was increased considerably from the age of 9 in boys, while there was no improvement in girls. The maximum values were 6.0 min and 1.8 min, respectively.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2013

Objective: As per the requirement of Korean Food and Drug Administration, this post-marketing surveillance was conducted in Korea to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of Poliorix$^{TM}$ following its introduction in 2006. Methods: In this open, multicenter study, the vaccine was administered as per the current practice of Korean doctors and in reference to the guidebook by the Korean Pediatric Society and as indicated in the Korean label which was as follows - for primary vaccination three doses were given to infants at ages 2, 4 and 6 months whereas, for the booster dose a single dose was given to children aged 4-6 years. Safety data during this six year surveillance was collected using diary cards which were distributed to the parents to record adverse events. Results: A total of 639 subjects were enrolled into the study. Of these, 617 subjects and 22 subjects received the vaccine as a primary and booster dose, respectively. At least one unsolicited symptom was reported in 11.4% (73/639) of the subjects during the 7-day follow-up period; upper respiratory tract infection (2.5%;16/639) was the most frequently reported unsolicited symptom. One subject reported at least one unsolicited symptom (gastroenteritis) of grade 3 intensity within the 31-day post-vaccination period. Approximately 1.7% (11/639) of subjects reported 13 serious adverse events (SAEs). All SAEs were resolved by the end of the study. Conclusion: In Korea, primary and booster vaccination with Poliorix$^{TM}$ was well-tolerated in healthy subjects when administered according to the prescribing information as part of routine clinical practice.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1329-1339
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• 2006

Purpose : Failure of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) may be encountered in practice because of either relapse of the malignancy or dysfunction of the graft. Second HSCT may be the only option for some patients whose initial HSCT failed. Methods : From May, 1991 to December, 2004, 115 HSCTs were performed at the Pediatric Blood & Marrow Transplantation Center, Chonnam National University. This study was a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 15 patients who received the second HSCT after initial graft. Results : Among eight patients with nonmalignant diseases, two patients underwent the second HSCT because of primary graft failure and five because of late graft rejection. The remaining Fanconi anemia patient was re-transplanted due to development of AML. Two patients died and one experienced primary graft failure, but is still alive. The Kaplan-Meier 5-year overall survival rate was 75 percent and the disease free survival rate was 62.5 percent in nonmalignant diseases. All malignant patients underwent second transplants because of relapses. Four died of relapse and one of treatment-related complications. The Kaplan-Meier 2-year overall and event free survival rate was 28.6 percent each in malignant diseases. Conclusion : Second HSCT for graft dysfunction of nonmalignant disease seems to be feasible and should be considered as a standard practice. The relapse of malignant diseases remains a big obstacle even after the second HSCT, although a small portion of patients might be salvaged. Further investigation of novel therapeutic strategies, as well an the understanding of the biology should be explored.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2020

Purpose: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is related to infectious mononucleosis or nasopharyngeal cancer, and its epidemiology may change according to the socioeconomic development of communities. This study aimed to evaluate the recent epidemiology of EBV seropositive rate in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed EBV serology test results obtained from a part of clinical care at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea, from January 2000 to December 2017. Results: The EBV seropositive rate in 26,527 subjects during the study period was 81.0% (21,485/26,527): 44.4% (2,716/6,122) in subjects aged 0-9 years, 75.8% (2,077/2,739) in those aged 10-19 years, and 94.5% (16,692/17,666) in those aged ≥20 years. The EBV seropositive rate decreased from 89.4% (8,592/9,616) in 2000-2008 to 76.2% (12,893/16,911) in 2009-2017 (P<0.001). Especially, the EBV seropositive rate in subjects aged 0-19 years significantly decreased from 2000-2008 to 2009-2017 (0-9 years, 62.8% [1,172/1,866] in 2000-2008 and 36.3% [1,544/4,256] in 2009-2017; 10-19 years, 83.8% [745/858] in 2000-2008 and 70.8% (1,332/1,881) in 2009-2017) (P<0.001). Conclusions: The EBV seropositive rate in children has decreased in the last 20 years. As the age of patients with primary EBV infection increased, there is a need for interest in clinical manifestation, such as infectious mononucleosis, in adolescents and young adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2014

As concerns have been raised about the increasing number of children with food allergies, the management of food allergies through the consideration of school meals is an emerging issue. This study investigated the perception and practices regarding food allergy of elementary and middle school nutrition teachers in the Jeonnam area. A total of 236 nutritionists/nutrition teachers participated in the survey and completed questionnaires. The foods most reported to cause allergic reactions were peach, eggs, peanuts, shrimps, mackerel, and milk. Participants reported that the major tasks to be completed for management of food allergies: the estimated number of students with food allergies, the offering of allergy-free or alternative foods and informing families of foods that may cause an allergic reaction. A majority of the participants (94%) recognized that the nutrition teacher has the primary role in managing students with food allergies in school. To manage these students, nutrition teachers mostly reported informing of allergic foods/ingredients in the school menu and the estimation of students with food allergy. The percentage of participants who experienced education programs on food allergies was 16.9%, whereas 97% of participants answered that a good professional education regarding allergies for nutrition teachers is required. The knowledge level evaluated with objective questions was significantly higher than the self-estimated knowledge level. In conclusion, nutrition teachers understood the tasks regarding food allergy thoroughly and that, the tasks are relatively under-practiced. To improve the management of food allergies in school meals, professional education programs regarding food allergies should be provided for nutrition teachers.