• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.421-435
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• 1998

An empirical formula for estimating duration magnitude(MD)is determined by analyzing 619 epicentral distance-duration data set, obtained from earthquakes of 1989-1998 recorded at the KMA network. Based on two assumptions: 1) observed signal duration decreases with increasing epicentral distance, and 2) seismographs of KMA are set at low-gain and therefore inclusion of sensitivity correction term in the equation is not necessary, scaling predicted duration at epicenter to Tsuboi's local magnitude yielded the duration magnitude equation: MD =2.0292$\times$log$\tau$＋0.00123Δ-1.4017 for 1/0$\leq$ML$\leq$5.0, where $\tau$is total signal duration(sec)and Δis epicentral distance(km). Event by event comparison of ML values against MD estimates for t152 events shows that for events having a same ML the difference in MD estimates reaches as high as 1.1 magnitude units. So, to test the usefulness of the duration magnitude equation, we have calculated ML-MD relations by which duration magnitude estimates are converted to local magnitudes ("predicted" ML, say) which are then compared with the directly determined local magnitude values. Except for events with stations where duration is anomalously reestimates(predicted ML) which are in an agreement within a 0.2 magnitude units with the corresponding ML values. Although this study could gain some insights into magnitudes of the past events, we still need to re-examine all the observables in order to obtain more reliable and precise information about magnitude and hypocenter location. So we will pursue a new local-magnitude scaling, as well as refinement of the duration magnitude equation, starting soon with re-reading the amplitudes-arrival time records of (and hence relocating) 250+earthquakes of 1979-present recorded at the KMA network. Thus, with more reliable and precise earthquake parameters determined we would better understand the recent seismicity and related tectonic process within and adjacent region to the Korean peninsula.peninsula.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2005

Although spatio-temporal databases have received considerable attention recently, there has been little work on processing range sum queries on the historical records of moving objects despite their importance. Since to answer range sum queries, the direct access to a huge amount of data incurs prohibitive computation cost, materialization techniques based on existing index structures are recently suggested. A simple but effective solution is to apply the materialization technique to the MVR-tree known as the most efficient structure for window queries with spatio-temporal conditions. However, the MVR-tree has a difficulty in maintaining pre-aggregated results inside its internal nodes due to cyclic paths between nodes. Aggregate structures based on other index structures such as the HR-tree and the 3DR-tree do not provide satisfactory query performance. In this paper, we propose a new indexing technique called the Adaptive Partitioned Aggregate R-Tree (APART) and query processing algorithms to efficiently process range sum queries in many situations. Experimental results show that the performance of the APART is typically above 2 times better than existing aggregate structures in a wide range of scenarios.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.66
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• pp.5-35
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• 2020

In the digital age, the most basic unit of records management is a document file. Depending on whether each document file is produced in an open standard format or an exclusive proprietary format, there is a cost difference in the process of use and long-term preservation. As government agencies moved to cloud-based business management systems, web-based document editing software was newly adopted. They had the opportunity to select a new file format for web-based document editing software. This paper deals with strategies to maximize the advantages of open standard formats while considering the legacy public document production practices. It introduces ISO/IEC 26300:2006 ODF, ISO/IEC 29500:2008 OOXML, KS X 6101 OWPML, etc. as open standard formats, and looks at considerations when choosing a format and web-based document editing software. In addition, it proposes a strategy to maintain the format of document files shared in cloud storage as an open standard format.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2008

Background : The number of outpatient injected anticancer drug is increasing. and the pathway of prescribing, compounding, and injecting anticancer drug is processed very rapidly in out-patient department. Moreover, Dose of anticancer drug is often changed depending on side effect of patients. So we need more effective inspection of anticancer drug prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prescription errors for anticancer drugs in Out-Patient Department and to suggest system to prevent them. Method : The study took place at Asan Medical Center from July to September 2007. The pharmacists performed inspection of anticancer drug prescriptions before compounding and injecting. We used protocol-based anticancer drug order program and Electronic Medical Record (EMR). Result : During the study period, we analyzed 4683 prescriptions for out-patient. And we detected 55 medication errors (1.2%). Most common errors included dosage above or below the correct ones (56.3%), followed by incorrect treatment duration. Because most of dosing errors were in the range of usual dosage, it was hard to detect them. So when inspecting the prescription, we considered the medical records of individual patients. As a result, we could raise the efficiency of intervention. Therefore inspection using EMR could possibly reduce the number of anticancer drug errors. Conclusion : we are preventing the medication errors on stability and dosage above or below the maximum therapeutic dose according to the previous inspection system. However most of dosing errors were in the range of usual dosage according to the result of this study. Because of there was interpatient variability of dosage depending adverse effect. For improvement of quality assurance, we suggest inspection system based on patient's medical history.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2020

Background Cryolipolysis, a preferred method for minimally invasive body contouring, involves the noninvasive cooling of adipocytes to induce lipolysis without damaging other tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cryolipolysis for the treatment of excessive fat tissue. Methods Between May 2014 and December 2017, 231 patients with 448 areas of interest were enrolled and their records were retrospectively reviewed. We used five different vacuum applicators, and the best-fitting applicator was used for each area. One cycle of cryolipolysis was applied at a cooling intensity factor of 41.6. The efficacy was evaluated 12 weeks after treatment via review of clinical photographs, the pinch test, and ultrasonographic measurements of fat thickness. The occurrence of any complications was also assessed. Results The volume was reduced in all of the areas to which cryolipolysis was applied. The rate of reduction of the fat layer as measured via the pinch test was 19.2%, and the rate of the decrease in fat layer thickness as measured via ultrasonography was 22.8%. Fat reduction of the upper arm differed significantly from that of the abdomen and flank, but no significant difference was found between sexes. The side effects were limited to erythema, edema, bruising, and numbness at the treatment site and resolved without treatment. Conclusions Cryolipolysis, with new and better-fitting applicators, is safe, fast, and effective for the reduction of excessive fat tissue on the abdomen, back, flank, and extremities. It is a good option for treating excess adipose tissue in Asian patients.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2008

Purpose: Using a propensity analysis, a recent study reported that blood transfusion might not be an independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients, which contradicted the results of earlier studies. This study aims to reveal whether or not blood transfusion is an independent predictor of mortality in trauma patients. Methods: A total of three hundred fifty consecutive trauma patients who were admitted to our emergency center from January 2004 to October 2005 and who underwent an arterial blood gas analysis and a venous blood analysis were included in this study. Their medical records were collected prospectively and retrospectively. Using a multivariate logistic analysis, data on the total population and on the propensity-score -matched population were retrospectively analyzed for association with mortality. Results: Of the three hundred fifty patients, one hundred twenty-nine (36.9%) received a blood transfusion. These patients were older (mean age: 48 vs. 44 years; p=0.019) and had a higher mortality rate (27.9% vs. 7.7%; p<0.001). In the total population, the multivariate analysis revealed that the Glasgow coma scale score, the systolic blood pressure, bicarbonate, the need for respiratory support, past medical history of heart disease, the amount of blood transfusion for 24 hours, and hemoglobin were associated with mortality. In thirty-seven pairs of patients matched with a propensity score, potassium, new injury severity score, amount of blood transfusion for 24 hours, and pulse rate were associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis. Therefore, blood transfusion was a significant independent predictor of mortality in trauma patients. Conclusion: Blood transfusion was revealed to be a significant independent predictor of mortality in the total population of trauma patients and in the propensity-score-matched population.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2008

Purpose: As the care of surgical patients becomes increasingly complex and catheter-based techniques are more frequently applied, the pattern of iatrogenic vascular injuries may be increasing. Major vascular injuries can jeopardize a patient's life or limb survival. The purpose of this study was to examine the current etiology and prognosis for iatrogenic vascular injuries. Methods: We reviewed medical records of 29 cases of iatrogenic vascular injury that were treated Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between October 2003 and October 2008. We studied clinical variables including demographics, cause of injury, clinical presentations, management and prognosis. Results: The mean age was 60.8 years (range: 25-86), and the male to female ratio was 1.9 : 1. The causes of injuries were operation related complication in 18 cases (62.1%), endovascular intervention and diagnostic angiography in 11 cases (37.9%). The types of vascular injury were partial severance in 14 cases, pseudoaneurysm in 8, arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in 3, thrombosis in 2, complete severance in 2. Especially, device related complication including percutaneous closing device were occurred in 9 and the others came from inadvertent physician's procedure. Primary repair were done in 12 cases, end-to-end anastomosis in 5, interposition graft in 4, ligation in 2, patch angioplasty in 1, peudoaneurysm excision and arteriorrhaphy in 1, hematoma evacuation in 1, and endovascular repair in 3. There were 2 cases of mortality, one of them due to hemorrhagic shock and the other due to septic shock. Conclusion: Proper selection of treatment modalities should be important to have better outcome according to the type of injury as well as anatomical location. Each physician should be familiar to new device as well as patient's topographical feature. Immediate referral to vascular specialist is also essential to reduce morbidity.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2021

The augmented reality (AR) has recently became an attractive technology in construction industry, which can play a critical role in realizing smart construction concepts. The AR has a great potential to help construction workers access digitalized information about design and construction more flexibly and efficiently. Though several AR applications have been introduced for on-site made to enhance on-site and off-site tasks, few are utilized in actual construction fields. This paper proposes a new AR framework that provides on-site managers with an opportunity to easily access the information about construction resources such as workers and equipment. The framework records videos with the camera installed on a wearable AR device and streams the video in a server equipped with high-performance processors, which runs an object detection algorithm on the streamed video in real time. The detection results are sent back to the AR device so that menu buttons are visualized on the detected objects in the user's view. A user is allowed to access the information about a worker or equipment appeared in one's view, by touching the menu button visualized on the resource. This paper details implementing parts of the framework, which requires the data transmission between the AR device and the server. It also discusses thoroughly about accompanied issues and the feasibility of the proposed framework.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 2019

Background Multiple approaches for nipple reconstruction exist, and none is considered superior to all others. The star flap is one of the most popular methods for nipple reconstruction, but gradual height loss is a major concern. We present a new modification of the star flap that incorporates a de-epithelialized dermal flap, along with the associated surgical results. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent nipple reconstruction using the modified star flap method. The design was different from the conventional star flap in that the lateral wings were changed into a trapezoidal shape and de-epithelialized dermal flaps were added. The patients were followed up at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and nipple height was measured. The postoperative nipple height achieved using the modified method was compared with that obtained using the traditional method. Results From February 2013 to June 2017, 32 patients received surgery using the modified star flap, and 18 patients who underwent nipple reconstruction before 2013 comprised the conventional method group. All patients had undergone breast reconstruction with an abdominal tissue-based flap. The mean follow-up period was 14.4 months in the modified method group and 17.3 months in the conventional method group. The mean maintenance of projection at 12 months postoperatively was $56.28%{\pm}18.58%$ in the modified method group, and $44.23%{\pm}14.15%$ in the conventional method group. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The modified method using a de-epithelialized dermal flap provides reliable maintenance of projection in patients who have undergone abdominal tissue-based breast reconstruction.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.275-285
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• 2017

Chungnam region has established and executed the 2nd Climate Change Adaptation Initiative Execution Plan (2017~2021) based on the Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth. The Execution Plan is established based on the results of climate change vulnerability assessment using the CCGIS, LCCGIS, and VESTAP analysis tools. However, the previously developed climate change vulnerability assessment tools (CCGIS, LCCGIS, VESTAP) cannot reflect the local records and the items and indices of new assessment. Therefore, this study developed a prototype of climate change vulnerability assessment analysis tool that, unlike the previous analysis tools, designs the items and indices considering the local characteristics and allows analysis of grid units. The prototype was used to simulate the vulnerability to forest fires of eight cities and seven towns in Chungcheongnam-do Province in the 2010s, 2020s, and 2050s based on the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 8.5 Scenario provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration. Based on the analysis, Chungcheongnam-do Province's vulnerability to forest fires in the 2010s was highest in Seocheon-gun (0.201), followed by Gyeryong-si (0.173) and Buyeo-gun (0.173) and the future prospects in the 2050s was highest in Seocheon-gun (0.179), followed by Gyeryong-si (0.169) and Buyeo-gun (0.154). The area with highest vulnerability to forest fires in Chungcheongnam-do Province was Biin-myeon, Seocheon-gun and the area may become most vulnerable was Pangyo-myeon, Seocheon-gun. The prototype and the results of analysis may be used to establish the directions and strategies in regards to the vulnerability to wild fires to secure each local government's 2nd execution plan and attainability.