• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2004

The aqueous extract of European mistletoe (Viscum album, L.) has been used in cancer therapy. The purified mistletoe lectins, main components of mistletoe, have demonstrated cytotoxic and immune-system-stimulating activities. Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L. coloratum), a subspecies of European mistletoe, has also been reported to possess anticancer and immunological activities. A galactose- and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin (Viscum album L. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) with Mr 60 kDa was isolated from Korean mistletoe. Mistletoe preparations have been given subcutaneously due to the low stability of lectin in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the present study, we investigated the possibility of alginate/chitosan microcapsules as a tool for oral delivery of mistletoe lectin. In addition, our strategy has been to develop a system composed of stabilizing cores (granules), which contain mistletoe lectin, extract or powder, coated by a biodegradable polymer wall. Our results indicated that successful incorporation of VCA into alginate/chitosan microcapsules has been achieved and that the alginate/chitosan microcapsule protected the VCA from degradation at acidic pH values. And coating the VCA with polyacrylic polymers, Eudragit, produced outstanding results with ideal release profiles and only minimal losses of cytotoxicity after manufacturing step. The granules prepared with extract or whole plant produced the best results due to the stability in the extract or whole plant during manufacturing process.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1090-1097
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• 2015

겨우살이는 전통적으로 항암활성이 있는 약용식물의 하나로 알려져 왔고, 렉틴은 세포독성 및 면역자극 자극 활성을 가지는 대표성분으로 인정되고 있다. 한국산 겨우살이에 함유되는 렉틴은 유럽산의 그것과는 달리 galactose와 N-acetylgalactosamine(GalNAc) 특이성을 동시에 가지는 렉틴 성분인 KML인 것으로 나타났다. Sandwich ELISA법을 이용하여 각기 다른 종류의 숙주나무에서 유래된 5종의 겨우살이로부터 렉틴 함량을 비교한 결과, 숙주나무별 차이가 인정되어 밤나무 겨우살이는 참나무 겨우살이에 비하여 약 10배 많은 렉틴을 함유하고 있었다. L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma 세포에 약 90%의 세포독성을 나타내는 농도의 KML과 한국산 참나무 유래 겨우살이 추출물인 KM-100에 두 종류의 단일클론 항체(9H7-10 and 8B11-2C5)를 동시처리한 후 세포독성 중화효과를 조사한 결과, KML의 경우 약 10%, KM-110의 경우 약 30%의 세포독성을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 겨우살이에서 렉틴 외에도 세포독성을 가지는 다른 성분이 존재할 것으로 사료되었다. RAW 264.7 대식 세포주에 KM-110과 KM-110으로부터 렉틴이 제거된 분획인 LFKM-110을 자극시킨 결과, LFKM-110에서 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 IL-6와 같은 cytokine의 생산을 증진시키는 결과를 보였다. 따라서 KM-110에서 면역 세포를 자극하는 다른 성분의 존재하고 있음을 강하게 제시되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2010

Korean mistletoe has a variety of biological effects, such as immunoadjuvant activities. This study investigates the effects of Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) on human T lymphocytes to determine whether VCA acts as an immunomodulator. Purified human T-lymphocytes were cultured with VCA and RNA from each point was analyzed using Affymetrix human genome chips containing 22,500 probe sets which represents more than 18,000 transcripts derived from 14,500 human genes. As a result, there was a striking upregulation of genes coding for chemokines. Seventeen genes out of 50 coding for proteins with chemokine activity were upregulated including CXCL9 and IL-8 which are related to the treatment of cancer. In addition, 28 cytokine genes were upregulated including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$. Taken together, the data suggest that Korean mistletoe lectin, in parallel with European mistletoe, has an ability to modulate human T cell function.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.306-312
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• 1997

We attempted to isolate and characterize the lectins from stem and leaves of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) by affinity chromatography. Lectin I was isolated only from stem. Lectin II was not isolated from Korean mistletoe, whereas lectin III was isolated from the stem and leaves. The hemagglutinating activity of lectin I was 16HU and inhibited by D-galactose, lactose, and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The lectin I has molecular weight of 60, 000D being composed of two basic subunits with molecular weights of 32, 000D and 28, 000D which are linked by a disufide bond. The lectin III from stem has molecular weight of 66, 000D being two basic subunits which have molecular weights of 34, 000D and 29, 000D and are linked by a disufide bond. The activity of lectin I was stable at the pH range of 4.00-8.50 and at a wide range of temperature (0-42.deg. C). The lectin I showed more potent mitogenic activity to murine lymphocytes than concanavalin A.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.624-629
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• 2000

Mistletoe lectin I(ML I)에 대한 간단하고 빠른 용액상 효소결합 분석법을 렉틴의 당 특이성을 이용하여 개발하였다. ML I에 특이성을 가지고 있는 D-galactose를 사용하였으며, 용액상 분석법의 효소로는 malate dehydrogenase(MDH)를 사용하였다. 분석신호물질로 사용되는 MDH-galactose 접합체는 isothiocyanate 방법을 통해 합성하였으며, 이 접합제는 thiourea 결합을 하고 있다. ML I의 존재하에, ML I은 D-galactole와의 특이 인식결합을 통해 MDH-galartose 접합체의 활동도를 억제한다. 그러므로, 존재하는 ML I의 농도는 MDH-galactose 접합제의 촉매활동도의 억제도에 비례하게 된다. 따라서, 본 용액상 효소결합 분석법을 통하여 ${\mu}g/mL$ 수준의 ML I의 측정이 분석 시간 10분 이내에 가능하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.840-846
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• 2004

본 연구는 한국산 겨우살이 lectin유전자 (A 및 B chain) 을 효모 (Saccharmyces cerevisiae) 에 형질 전환시키는 시스템을 사용한 것으로, 효모내 효과적인 lectin유전자 발현을 위하여 유전자 상에 Kozak translation initiation sequence를 PCR을 이용 삽입, 변형시켜 재 클로닝 하였다. 변형된 lectin A 및 B 유전자를 포함하는 재조합 플라스미드는 S. cerevisiae INVSc (MATa, his3 $\Delta$l, leu2, trpl-289, ura3-52) 에 형질전환 되었다. 형질전환된 효모는 ABI 3700 system을 이용한 DNA 염기서열 분석을 통해 확인되었고 재조합 한국산겨우살이 lectin 발현을 위해 2% galactose를 사용하여 유도발현되었다. 재조합 lectin A 및 B 단백질은 SDS-PACE 및 western blotting 분석을 수행한 결과 약 29kDa 크기로 확인되었다. 재조합 lectin은 세포내 가용성 단백질 1mg중 1.24∼l.75 $\mu\textrm{g}$ 수준으로 발현되어짐을 ELISA 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 한편 lectin 유전자는 galartose 유도발현 후 36시간이 되 었을 때 발현량이 최대가 되었으며 lectin A 유전자의 경우 48 시간 이후에는 발현이 억제되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권3호통권134호
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• pp.218-222
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• 2003

The mistletoe lectins are major active components in the extrct of Viscum album var. coloratum. This study was performed to investigate the anti- skin cancer effect of Korean mistletoe extract intensified with mistletoe lectin (KI 2103S). B16F10 melanoma cells were allografted in C57BL/6 mice and F344 rats. The effect of KI 2103S on melanoma was measured by monitoring tumor index. The KI 2103S was injected intra-tumorally and tumor index was decreased in dose dependent manner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2008

This study was designed to develop microencapsulated Korean mistletoe extract, to determine the stability in vitro and to examine its application in milk. Coating materials used were polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) and medium-chain triacylglyderol (MCT). The highest efficiency of microencapsulation was 78.3% with 15:1:40 (w/w/v) as PGMS : mistletoe extract : distilled water and 66.1% with 15:1 (w/w) as MCT : mistletoe extract. The size of microcapsule was about 30.0 and $19.5{\mu}m$ with PGMS and MCT, respectively. When microcapsules of mistletoe extract were incubated in simulated gastric fluid at pH 2 for 60 min, 14.8 and 17.2% of lectin was released from capsules which were coated with PGMS and MCT, respectively. Comparatively, 83.2 and 87.3% of lectin was released in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 8) after 60 min incubation of capsules coated with PGMS and MCT, respectively. The subsequent study determined the changes of physicochemical and sensory characteristics of milk with fortification of the mistletoe extract microcapsules during 12 day storage. TBA value was significantly lower in microcapsule-added groups than in the uncapsulated mistletoe extract-added group during the storage. When 100 ppm microencapsulated mistletoe extract was added, the L-, a- and b- values and viscosity were not significantly different from those of the control. In addition, the release of lectin from mistletoe extract over 12 days was 8.3 and 9.5 mg/100 ml in milk containing microcapsules made by PGMS and MCT, respectively. All sensory attributes showed a significant difference in uncapsulated mistletoe extract-added milk compared with other groups. The present study indicated that microcapsules of Korean mistletoe extract could be applied to milk and microcapsules coated with PGMS were effectively released in a simulated intestinal environment.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.204.2-204.2
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• 2003

The aqueous extract of European mistletoe (Viscum album, L.) has been used in cancer therapy. The purified mistletoe lectins, main components of mistletoe, have demonstrated cytotoxic and immune-system-stimulating activities. Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L. coloratum), a subspecies of European mistletoe, has also been reported to possess anticancer and immunological activities. A galactose- and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine- specific lectin (Viscum album L. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) with Mr 60 kDa was isolated from Korean mistletoe. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.429-435
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• 1998

Lectins and its A- and B-chains from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) were isolated by affinity chromatography on the Sepharose 4B modified by lactose-BSA conjugate synthesized by reductive amination of ligand (lactose) to .epsilon.-amino groups of lysine residues of spacer (BSA) after reduction by $NaCNBH_3$. The lactose-BSA conjugate was coupled to Sepharose 4B activated by cyanogen bromide. The molecular weight determined by SDS-PAGE were a 31 kD of A-chain and a 35kD of B-chain. Amino acid analysis and N-terminal sequencing were performed. The effects of pH, temperature and guanidine chloride on the conformation of the lectin were investigated by measuring its intrinsic fluorescence and compared with its hemagglutinating activities. Blue shift was detected on the acidic pH and there was a close relationship between activities and conformation of the lectin. Under denaturing conditions, the tryptophan emission profile of lectin showed typical denaturaiional red shift which also correspond to the conformations and activity of lectin.