• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the real status of the utilization of Korean medicine (KM) treatment among children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods : In a prospective observational multicenter study for children with CP aged from 6 months to 78 months, we analyzed 69 questionnaires of children currently receiving or have received KM treatment such as acupuncture and Korean herbal medicine for CP. Results : Of all the 170 participants, 32 children was currently getting KM treatment and they were getting acupuncture therapy 2.5 times per week on average. The mean expenditure per month for acupuncture and herbal medicine was respectively 32,000won and 501,000won. 37 children have discontinued KM treatment. The most frequent reason for quitting acupuncture therapy was 'inconvenience' (40.7%), followed by 'suffering of children' (33.3%). The average duration of taking Korean herbal medicine was 3.78 months and the highest reason of stopping medicine was 'rejection of children' (32.3%), followed by the 'cost burden' (22.6%). 75% of currently KM using group answered they have experienced positive effect of KM and the rate was 48.6% among the group who have ceased KM. There was a significant difference between the two groups(p=0.025). Conclusions : Further study will be required to increase the therapeutic effect and utilization of KM among the children with CP. More efforts should be made to develop less invasive acupuncture method and various shape of KM herbal medicine and to expand the insurance coverage of KM for children with CP.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.120-137
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to investigate status survey and cost of infertility patients in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Medicine Hospital. Methods: From January 2012 to June 2012, 171 new patients were admitted to ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Medicine Hospital for treatment of infertility. We reviewed their medical records retrospectively and had telephone consultations to find out whether they were pregnant or not. Results: The mean age of outpatients was $32.72{\pm}4.08$ years and mean BMI of outpatients was $20.26{\pm}2.68$. 55.0% of patients who did not have childbirth or miscarriage. 82.5% of patients had normal menstrual period. 93.5% of patients visited OB/GYN, 33.3% were treated with ovulation induction, 18.7% underwent intrauterine insemination, and 18.1% underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. 99.7% were treated with acupuncture and moxibustion, 100% had taken Herbal Medicine. The mean treatment duration of outpatients was $8.84{\pm}8.17$ weeks, and the mean medical expense was $761,994{\pm}586,502$ won. It was found that 32.4% of patients were pregnant after treatment. Conclusions: We investigated status survey and cost of infertility patients. Further study about Korean medical treatments on infertility is required.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2017

Backgrounds: Inpatient Classification System for Korean Medicine (KDRG-KM) was developed and has been applied for monitoring the costs of KM hospitals. Yet severity of patients' condition is not applied in the KDRG-KM. Objectives: This study aimed to develop the severity classification methods for KDRG-KM and assessed the explanation powers of severity adjusted KDRG-KM. Methods: Clinical experts panel was organized based on the recommendations from 12 clinical societies of Korean Medicine. Two expert panel workshops were held to develop the severity classification options, and the Delphi survey was performed to measure CCL(Complexity and Comorbidity Level) scores. Explanation powers were calculated using the inpatient EDI claim data issued by hospitals and clinics in 2012. Results: Two options for severity classification were deduced based on the severity classification principle in the domestic and foreign DRG systems. The option one is to classify severity groups using CCL and PCCL(Patient Clinical Complexity Level) scores, and the option two is to form a severity group with patients who belonged principal diagnosis-secondary diagnosis combinations which prolonged length of stay. All two options enhanced explanation powers less than 1%. For third option, patients who received certain treatments for severe conditions were grouped into severity group. The treatment expense of the severity group was significantly higher than that of other patients groups. Conclusions: Applying the severity classifications using principal diagnosis and secondary diagnoses can advance the KDRG-KM for genuine KM hospitalization. More practically, including patients with procedures for severe conditions in a severity group needs to be considered.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 1991

Finances of health insurance can be explained by factors determining benefit expense and premium collection. This study was conducted to analyze factors contributing to the financial status of rural health Insurance. Nationwide 134 health insurance associations except the six pilot project counties were analyzed and obtained the followings. 1. In univariate analysis, statistically significant variables that explain 1) outpatient benefit expenditures include public health center utilization, proportion of pregnant women. premium and collection rate of premium 2) inpatient benefit expenditures include public health center utilization, Proportion of old age, proportion of pregnant women, premium and collection rate of premium 3) profits include public health center utilization, proportion of old age, proportion of pregnant women and collection rate of premium. 2. In multiple regression analysis, statistically significant determinants in 1) outpatient benefit include premium and public health utilization 2) inpatient benefit include premium 3) profit include public health center utilization, premium and collection rate of premium.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1993년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.63-65
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• 1993

We have done a preliminary study on the detection of ventricular late potentials using high-resolution electrocardiography. We designed a battery powered low-noise ECG amplifier. We used the XYZ lead system and the amplifier provides 3 channels of X, Y, and Z signals with a conventional gain and another 3 channels of the amplitude-limited X, Y, and Z signals with high-gain. 12-bit data acquisition system interfaces the amplifiers to a personal computer for further signal analysis. Beat alignment algorithm was implemented on the low-gain signals to synchronize the signal averaging of the high-gain amplitude-limited signals. We suggest the use of the weighted vector sum of X', Y', and Z' signals based on the SNR of each channel. We speculate that this new method will increase the accuracy of the LP detector at the expense of more complicated hardware.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

Utility boiler operators seeking to gain the greatest economic advantage from their units are faced with three challenges, namely the obligatory light-up fuel costs, the additional expense of supplementary fuel firing should they wish to use a cheaper fuel that may be beyond the original burner manufacturer’s stability and combustion performance assurances and the immediate environmental impact of both. The novel use of plasma arc technology can provide a solution to these challenges. This paper introduces the work being undertaken through a joint collaboration between the EU, Kazahkstan and Russia in order to develop a tried and tested engineering methodology and a mathematical based application and sensitivity analysis approach for the design and optimisation stage of these plasma devices that, as a consequence, their assist in their universal introduction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2014

Objective : The restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common disorder affecting up to 5% to 15% of the general population, in which the incidence increases with age, and includes paresthesia in the legs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of RLS in spine center and to review clinical manifestations of this syndrome and its current treatments. Methods : Over a period of a year, retrospective medical record review and lumbar magnetic resonance images were performed on 32 patients with RLS in spine clinic who were diagnosed by National Institutes of Health criteria. Affected limbs were classified as five. Two grading systems were used in the evaluation of neural compromises. Results : The incidence of RLS was 5.00% (32/639). There were 16 males (50%) and 16 females (50%). The median age at diagnosis was 55.4 years (range, 25-93 years). There are no correlation between the affected limbs of RLS and neural compromises on the lumbar spine. Conclusion : The RLS is a clearly common neurologic disorder of the limbs, usually the legs. The awareness of this syndrome can help reduce diagnostic error; thereby, avoiding the morbidity and expense associated with unnecessary studies or inappropriate treatments in RLS patients.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 1992

Low doses of ionizing radiation from external or internal sources cause heterogeneous distribution of energy deposition events in the exposed biological system. With the cell being the individual element of the tissue system, the fraction of cells hit, the dose received by the hit, and the biological response of the cell to the dose received eventually determine the effect in tissue. The hit cell may experience detriment, such as change in its DNA leading to a malignant transformation, or it may derive benefit in terms of an adaptive response such as a temporary improvement of DNA repair or temporary prevention of effects from intracellular radicals through enhanced radical detoxification. These responses are protective also to toxic substances that are generated during normal metabolism. Within a multicellular system, the probability of detriment must be weighed against the probability of benefit through adaptive responses with protection against various toxic agents including those produced by normal metabolism. Because irradiation can principally induce both, detriment and adaptive responses, one type of affected cells may not be simply summed up at the expense of cells with other types of effects, in assessing risk to tissue. An inventory of various types of effects in the blood forming system of mammals, even with large ranges of uncertainty, uncovers the possibility of benefit to the system from exposure to low doses of low LET radiation. This experimental approach may complement epidemiological data on individuals exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation and may lead to a more rational appraisal of risk.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2022

Objectives: Peer role-play (PRP) has been used in health care training simulations because standardized patient training requires considerable time and expense. This study described the implementation of clinical simulation using PRP and examined the effect. Methods: Final year students from a single college of Korean medicine engaged in PRP as part of clinical skills practice. Education tools from clinical practice guidelines were used to structure the PRP. Communication competency was assessed with the Korean Version of the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (KSE-12). Whether this training helped to achieve graduate outcomes was evaluated on a five-point scale. Results: Fifty-nine students (53.2%) participated in the survey. Among 12 items on the KSE-12, the score for "How certain are you that you are able to successfully listen attentively to the patient?" was the highest. Further, PRP was found to be helpful for self-directed learning, establishment of one's professional identity, and the ability to communicate and manage patients. Three themes ("Benefits of role-play", "The importance of positive feedback", "Limitations and problems of role-play"), 15 categories, and 16 central meanings were derived by categorizing learners' subjective opinions about PRP. Conclusions: Study findings indicate that PRP may contribute to improving communication skills and establishing a professional identity for future Korean medicine doctors. We suggest using PRP in clinical education in colleges of Korean Medicine.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-56
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• 1979

To investigate ultrastructural characteristics of cancer cells of the nervous system, 25 cases; i.e. astrocytoma(9), oligodendroglioma(1), medulloblastoma(1), meningioma(5), pinealoma(2) and pituitary adenomas(7). The common findings were marked irregularity of nuclear membrane with pronounced infoldings, clumping of heterochromatin along inner nuclear membrane, enlargement of nucleolus, and frequent observations of nuclear bodies and nuclear inclusions. But these findings are also the signs that can be observed in hyperactive cells. Thus, ultrastructural characteristics of cancerous nucleus are the great variability of nuclear size, shape and composition. but none of them appear to be specific. Among cytoplasmic organelles, massive fibrils are characteristic of astrocytoma and meningiomas, cytoplasmic protofibrils such as glial process and microvesicles in oligodendroglioma, secretory granules are characteristic in pituitary adenomas, and fine filamentous fibrils and desmosomes are characteristic of fibroblastic type of meningioma. Intercellular relationships and cell membrane specialization are important features in the differential diagnosis of various undifferentiated tumors. The frequent resolution of difficult diagnosis problems by electron microscopy outweighs the disadvantages of this technique, such as the expense and time required.