• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.6 s.96
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the makeup color range for developing the new makeup product line of domestic cosmetic brand, and suggest the special color stories and color palettes appropriate to characteristics of brand image For this study, personal color images are analyzed and classified through the literature survey of Korean womens' skin rotor like korean PCDS and japanese PCS. Also, a total of 3879 colors were selected from the 18 cosmetic brands and were analyzed by hue/tone color system. Based on the color analysis, the color range for makeup products are determined, and the typical colors of 4 personal color images are suggested. As a results, personal color images are classified into 4 types: DEW of p, lt, b tone; FLASH of s, v tone; MIST of ltg, g, sf, d tone; TERRA of dk, dkg, dp tone. we developed the color stories through five senses and lifestyles based on the consumers' emotion, and the rotor palettes suitable to each type of personal color images are developed.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2005

In this study, researcher intended to extract the major factors of makeup design from Yangju-beolsandaenori-tal(masks) and Songpa-sandaenori-tal which have been handed down to the present among many kinds of the Korean folk masks, and to apply those factors to the modernization of traditional culture in terms of makeup design. The 17 Sandaenori-tals exhibited at 'The special exhibition of the Korean folk masks' in 1981 by the national folk museum of Korea were selected as the objects of this research. The formational analysis in terms of shape, color and material was conducted. The 5 factors of this analysis are as follows; face and hair, forehead, eye and eyebrows, mouth and nose. The beauty expressed in Sandaenori-tal includes naturalness, eccentricity and good-humor. The human feelings are expressed candidly and simply through naturalness. The eccentricity in Sandaenori-tal overemphasizes the shape of mask unsymmetrically. And it is expressed ghostliy in black, white and red colors. The good-humors in aesthetic viewpoint was expressed in surprised faces and innocent smile. Researcher applies the good humour to the art makeup in strong natural colors and shapes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.1 s.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2004

The purpose of this study were to investigate the differences in depression, appearance interest, and appearance adornment according to demographic variables, and how to examine degree of make-up and visit to a beauty shop was influenced by depression, and demographic variables. Subjects were 117 elderly women in their 60's to 70's in Jinju, Korea. There was a significant difference in appearance interest according to age. There were significant differences in appearance interest, makeup, and visit to a beauty shop according to education. That is, the high level group of education had a high degree of makeup, and a high interest in appearance than the low level group. There was a difference in appearance interest and makeup according to healthy condition. That is, the good healthy group had a high interest of appearance, and the high degree of makeup than the poor healthy group. The degree of makeup had an effect on appearance interest and education($R^2=.505$). The visit to a beauty shop had an effect depression(-), yes or no of a mate, and allowance($R^2=.192$).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.127-133
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• 2021

In this study, an augmented reality-based make-up tool was built to analyze the user's face shape based on face-type reference model data and to provide virtual makeup by providing face-type makeup. To analyze the face shape, first recognize the face from the image captured by the camera, then extract the features of the face contour area and use them as analysis properties. Next, the feature points of the extracted face contour area are normalized to compare with the contour area characteristics of each face reference model data. Face shape is predicted and analyzed using the distance difference between the feature points of the normalized contour area and the feature points of the each face-type reference model data. In augmented reality-based virtual makeup, in the image input from the camera, the face is recognized in real time to extract the features of each area of the face. Through the face-type analysis process, you can check the results of virtual makeup by providing makeup that matches the analyzed face shape. Through the proposed system, We expect cosmetics consumers to check the makeup design that suits them and have a convenient and impact on their decision to purchase cosmetics. It will also help you create an attractive self-image by applying facial makeup to your virtual self.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.356-375
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• 2021

The Generation Z (Gen-Z) consumer has a unique beauty-consuming behavior that is distinct from the previous generations. This study aims to identify the meaning of makeup rituals based on the theoretical framework of the ritual concept. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen females in their mid-teens to early 20s. The results showed that Gen-Z has different types of makeup ritual scripts for both ordinary days and special days, which are constantly being re-written and revised based on the experience accumulated. In addition, there are various types of ritual artifacts that play an important role in Gen-Z's makeup ritual, and that they provide psychological comfort and satisfaction. The importance of DIY (Do It Yourself), collecting, and independent brands is emphasized. The role of Gen-Z in the makeup ritual was expanding from a creator for her own ritual to a collaborator for peers' rituals, and sometimes the expansion goes beyond the direct relationships to virtual ones through SNS (Social Network Service). The Gen-Z cohort is found to be a member of beauty knowledge network through which they learn, share, and create the know-how and shopping skills.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.40-56
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to analyze the patterns on consuming basic skin makeup products of female college students, and to provide basic information to understand the patterns of ordinary consumers. The survey was included 283 female students from 5 colleges located in metropolitan area of Seoul. The survey data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, T-test, chi-scuare-test methods. The results are as follows : 1. 60% of the college students of metropolitan area are doing basic skin makeup for aesthetic reasons in most cases, eye makeup is regarded the most important part, so 92% students have experienced to buy imported cosmetic products because of it's better absorption to skin. 2. Significant correlations were found between the skin types and dissatisfaction about foundation after using. 3. According to demographic variables, significant correlations were found between grade and makeup extent, grade and the reasons why they use imported products. 4. According to demographic variables, significant correlations were found between grade and foundation types used, monthly average living expense and purchasing channels, grade and purchasing channels, price level of the currently using face powder and monthly average living expense, monthly average spending for cosmetic products and level of wealth, price level of the currently using foundation and monthly average living expense. 5. According to demographic variables, significant differences were found in monthly average living expense, monthly average spending for cosmetic product, mother's job, grade.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.33-49
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• 2014

Environmental concern has been an important issue for a few decades, and the extent of consumer demand for eco-friendly consumption has been increased. This study seeks to investigate consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for eco-friendly cosmetics. This study evaluates how much more a consumer is willing to pay for eco-friendly cosmetics and examines significant factors influencing consumers' WTP for eco-friendly cosmetics. Consumers' WTP is measured using four different ecofriendly cosmetics: low-priced skin care cosmetics, low-priced makeup cosmetics, high-priced skin care cosmetics, and high-priced makeup cosmetics. This study uses the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate consumer's WTP for eco-friendly cosmetics. Survey questions were designed using both dichotomous choice and payment card method of CVM. Through face to face interviews and on-line surveys, the data were collected from women between 20 and 49 years old residing in Seoul and Kyeonggi area, Korea, in May 2010. A total of 226 questionnaires (132 from interviews and 94 from on-line) were included for the analytical sample in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, T-test and Log-Logit analysis. The findings are as follows: First, the WTP measured by dichotomous choice method was estimated using the Log-Logit analysis. The results showed that the estimated WTP for low-priced skin care cosmetics was 19,152 won, which was 27.7% higher than the reference price, 15,000 won. For low-priced makeup cosmetics, the estimated WTP was 18,524 won, and its green premium was 21.0%. The estimated WTP for high-priced skin care cosmetics was 59,128 won, which was 18.3% higher than the reference price, 50,000 won. For high-priced makeup cosmetics was 57,666 won, and its green premium was 15.3%. Second, the WTP measure by payment card method was estimated using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the respondents were willing to pay 17,955 won for low-priced skin care cosmetics, which was 19.7% higher than the reference price, 15,000 won and 17,595 won for low-priced makeup cosmetics, which was 17.3% higher than the reference price. For high-priced skin care cosmetics, the average WTP was 56,950 won which was 13.9% higher than the reference price, 50,000 won. For high-priced makeup cosmetics, the average WTP was 55,650 won, which was 11.3% higher than the reference price. Overall, the WTP was higher in order of low-priced skin care, low-priced makeup, high-priced skin care, and high-priced makeup. It means that consumers decide degree of premium based on the price and the attributes of eco-friendly products. Third, the findings showed that age, monthly income, and having children or not were statistically significant factors that influenced consumers' willingness to pay for eco-friendly cosmetics. Other explanatory variables such as education, marital status, job, purchase experience of eco-friendly products, and environmental concerns did not show any statistical significance. The major contribution of this study is the investigation of the value of green attributes of the products by using CVM. Unlike most previous researches, this research used two methods of CVM, the dichotomous choice and the payment card, so it enhanced the reliability of research. According to this study, consumers showed price sensitivity when they pay green premium. These findings can be used as useful information to establish marketing strategies for green cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.482-494
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• 2014

This study researched TV makeup types with a focus on Korean aesthetics. First, natural beauty is expressed with a random form that excluded artificial techniques or decorations often shown in the form of incompletion and space through TV entertainment programs. Incompletion is what excludes artificial technique and denies the whole completion in expressing a face, it shows the intentional incompletion that leaves it as a bare face that has no type, no color, and no decoration. A pursuit for purity, as nature leads to realizing the internal world of concentrating on the essence of object. Space is what makes it empty without filling, it offers a mental space in the inner side so that diverse images can be imagined beyond external form. This trend is indicated similarly to the tendency that the recent global interest in naturalism yearns for purity in nature and wellbeing. The presentation of skin (preferably healthy looking skin) is given attention; consequently, the similarity was being shown between the TV makeup that focuses on expressing skin and recent trends.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.98-109
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• 2013

This study aims to discuss the image making of K-pop girl groups to provide an outlook on the necessary fashion components in order to express certain concepts by analyzing the fashion styles. The fashion styles of the representative girl groups from 2007 to 2011 were classified into five types: retro style, schoolgirl style, chic style, sporty style and marine style. The following are the features and elements of image making by style. The retro style pursued going back to the past. It used stripes, dots, leopard patterns, spangles and denim. It reproduced the style of the past to the trendy style using big sunglasses, retro makeup, girlish hair and gold wigs. The schoolgirl style created the sexy or cute image by using school uniforms as the motif including shirts, short pants and knee socks. It included having natural makeup and straight hair and differentiated colors, patterns and designs. The chic style was classified into rock chic look and sexy look. Both looks had common elements including smoky pop active makeup while the fashion concepts and hair styles were different. The sporty style took the concept of cheer girls. It used plaid shirts, baseball jackets, short pants, thigh high boots, vivid hair accessories, romantic makeup and straight, wave hair. The marine style took the naval uniform as the motif. It expressed the image using short pants, stripe patterns, wappens, naval caps and smoky sexy makeup, straight hair. K-pop girl group fashion is the driving force for the growth of Korean fashion industry as well as its cultural trends and hope that it have a growing influence on the global market and trend through continuing research and support.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.739-751
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• 2020

This study compares and analyzes bridal wedding styles in Korean and Chinese SNS. For this, 715 photos (362 in Korea and 353 in China) collected on social media (Instagram and Xiaohongshu) were used for analysis. The bridal wedding style was divided by item into wedding dress, makeup, and hairstyle, and detailed characteristics of images and designs were examined through content analysis and statistical analysis. First, in the case of Korea, many wedding dresses showed ball gowns and mermaid silhouettes, white colors, and no details and trimmings. As for the makeup, transparent and natural skin expression, straight eyebrows, and pink and peach lip colors were highlighted; and as for hairstyles, many long hair with half-covered ears appeared. Second, in China, a ball gown, mermaid silhouette, and white color are often seen in wedding dresses, and point colors and use of various details and trimmings are noted. The makeup showed a lot of bright skin expression, brown and black eyebrows, and red and brown lip colors. As for hairstyle, a lot of long hair with completely exposed ears appeared. Third, the comparison of bridal wedding styles between Korea and China indicated that China used relatively more details and trimmings in wedding dresses. As for makeup, Korea has a natural image, and China has a classic image. As for the hairstyle, there were many styles in which Koreans had half the ears covered, and Chinese had no bangs and completely exposed ears.