• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1487-1494
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• 2012

This study has been carried out to verify curative effect of lavender and lawn, a green space composition factor. Thus, the physiological index value of blood pressure, heart rate and salivary amylase were measured with object of 16 women in their 20~30s for stress relaxation effect at lavender garden and lawn square, and impression assessment upon SD method as for psychological value was performed in this study. And a survey was conducted on necessity and reason of urban green space with object of 345 men and women urban workers. As a result of variance analysis between groups and multi test of Turkey upon object place, the blood pressure was lowered the same at lavender garden and lawn square, and especially, high blood pressure was greatly lowered to 30 mmHG at lavender garden. On the other hand, low blood pressure group showed the tendency of a little increasing at the same places. And for the pulse, there was difference between high blood pressure group and normal group at the same places. To conclude, at lavender garden and lawn square the blood pressure was made to be lowered when it's high, and when it's low, the effect of returning to sound status, the function of increasing, was verified. In case of impression assessment upon SD method, the lawn square was assessed as resting place and lavender garden diversional place. And over 90% of urban workers responded to the green space's necessity and curative effect, diversion and resting place were adopted for the reason in high-ranking items. As above the green space pattern that urban workers require and curative effect of lavender garden and lawn square were verified. Therefore, the functional green space plan is required, which curative effect, diversion and resting place are considered, for the future green space plan design.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.38-50
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• 2019

We investigated the developmental characteristics and life cycle of the lawn cutworm, Spodoptera depravata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is one of the most important pests causing economic damage in grass production. For larval culture, we provided the zoysiagrass at $25^{\circ}C$ and $60{\pm}5%$ humidity. The durations of the developmental stages were as follows: $4.11{\pm}0.19$ days for eggs, $25.17{\pm}3.02$ for larvae, $8.80{\pm}0.28$ for pupae, and $7.57{\pm}0.95$ for adults. We grew the larvae to the 7th instar stage, unlike previous studies, in which it was assumed that the 6th instar was the final age. There was a significant positive correlation between the body length and head capsule width of each instar larvae. In terms of morphology, the eggs changed from light green immediately following oviposition to black as they developed, and the grass-fed larvae changed from light yellow immediately after hatching to green as development continued. We observed a pattern of black spots at regular intervals on the dorsal sides of the abdomens of the final instar larvae. Furthermore, we detected two notable designs on the dorsal side of the front of the head. The pupal colors changed from light brown and green immediately after pupation, to dark brown as the pupal cuticle hardened. The wingspans of the adults were similar in both sexes. However, the forewings of the males had obvious outer lines and eyespots with dark gray-brown backgrounds, whereas the corresponding features on the female forewings were less obvious. The oviposition preperiod was 2.11 days, the oviposition period was 4.2 days, the average fecundity per female was approximately 341 eggs, and the hatching rate was approximately 76.1%.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1984

효과적(效果的)이고 용이(容易)하게 사용할 수 있는 한국잔디(Zoysia japonica Steud.) 종자(種子)의 발아(發芽) 촉진방법(促進方法)을 모색(摸索)코자 sodium hypochlorite(SH)용액(溶液)을 사용하여 종피처리(種皮處理)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 종자(種子)를 4%의 SH용액(溶液)에 2시간(時間) 침지처리(浸漬處理)한 후(後) 8시간(時間) 수세(水洗)한 결과(結果) KOH처리(處理)에 비(比)하여 발아촉진효과(發芽促進效果)가 좋았다. 2. SH처리(處理) 후(後) 수세시간(水洗時間)에 따라서 발아율(發芽率)에 차이(差異)가 있었으나 대체로 4~8시간(時間)의 수세(水洗)가 가장 효과적(效果的)이었다. 3. SH처리(處理) 후(後) GA를 처리(處理)함으로써 발아(發芽)가 더욱 촉진(促進)되었으나 무처리구(無處理區)에서는 GA처리(處理)에 의한 발아촉진효과(發芽促進效果)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 4. SH처리(處理)는 KOH처리(處理)에 비(比)하여 균유(菌類)의 종자감염율(種子感染率)을 크게 감소(減少)시켰다. 5. SH처리(處理)는 한국잔디 종자(種子)의 발아촉진(發芽促進)을 위해서 KOH처리법(處理法)에 비(比)하여 쉽게 준비(準備)할 수 있고, 안정성(安定性)이 있으며, 취급(取扱)하기 쉬운 효과적(效果的)인 종피처리방법(種皮處理方法)이라고 생각된다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2012

화본과(Gramineae family)의 Zoysia속(Zoysia genus)에 속하는 한국잔디류는 동북아시아와 필리핀, 태국을 비롯한 동남아시아의 열대지역부터 온대지역에 걸쳐 비교적 폭넓게 분포하는 대표적인 잔디종의 하나이다. 세계적으로 방대한 잔디분야의 'The Turfgrass Information Center'의 database에 zoysia와 연관된 정보는 전문학술지 논문 638편과 학위논문 및 전문보고서 1,307편을 포함하여 총 5,340건으로 조사 되었다. Zoysiagrass에 관한 연구는 골프코스와 lawn care 관련산업에서의 이용과 그에 따르는 잡초, 병충해 등 방제에 따르는 농약에 관한 연구와 종자에 관한 database가 주를 이루고 있다. 본 연구는 한국잔디류에 대한 세계적 연구 추세와 지금까지 우리나라에서 연구된 한국잔디에 관한 연구내용을 정리 분석 하였다. 통계적으로 우리나라의 주요 학술지에 발표된 한국잔디에 관한 논문은 274편이었는데, 식물학적 연구가 102편이며 환경학적 연구와 재배학적 연구가 각 38편과 134편이었다. 그러나 우리나라 연구자의 외국 전문지 게재논문을 합하면 이보다 많으리라 사료된다. 외국에 비해 골프코스 잔디 관리분야와 plant protectant, 신품종 육종에 관한 연구가 활성화 되고, 환경 및 병 저항성 등 육종연구의 선도적 역할도 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

This study is aimed to redesign established parks and to propose a series of devices protecting them from vandalism. To solve the problems, we ascertained the damaged areas of the park greens. The trace analysis was performed to grasp the transverse inside the parks of Jeonju and Iksan in Collabuldo. Then, we presented the basic plan for minimizing park damage and for remodeling the system of movement. The results of the study are summarized as follows: it is identified that the transverse phenomenon is considerably wide-spread in majority of parks, and has no relationship to the park area or the green area. It is considered that the $\ulcorner$Condition rating class$\lrcorner$ of grass damage, which is grade 6, is extraordinarily high and the damage is accumulated considerably. Also, the damage part of other grade is discovered equally, and when unattended, the acceleration of damage is positive. A damage width a 0.5∼1.5m makes up the greater part of 79.6%. It also constitutes most of a rectilinear form. The difference in the height between the original point and destination point is below 0.7m, which is above 70%. It is identified that the interrelationship between the damage continuation length and plan distance is relatively high by the simple regression: analysis and by Pearson' correlation analysis. In spite of the normal damage continuation length is 20m, the frequency degree is downward with extreme point at 10m. Accordingly, it is assumed that park users have physical and psychological pressure when they cross the lawn field. Damage types are classified as the Simple cut cross type, the Behavioral facilitates type, Access advantage type and the Strolling type through type classification. It is considered that this classification is effective when identifying short pass type on lawn field according to the damage length and intensity.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2002

In spite of simple and cheap cultivation method, water broadcast-seeded rice demonstrates uneven and unstable seedling establishment per unit land area and requires more herbicide and labor-input for weed control. Three experiments were conducted in a phytotron at 18$^{\circ}C$ to evaluate the adaptability of seed-mat mulching cultivation technologies in water seeded rice for the uniform seedling establishment and the inhibition of weed occurrence without herbicide application. Five different kinds of mat with different mesh sizes and fabric properties were tested. The emergence of rice was the highest in Lawn-mat treatment, being comparable with the control, in which seeds were sown without mat. The Lawn-mat also exhibited the lowest mat tension. Mat tension may influence the emergence of rice. And once it was soaked in water, it didn't maintain its original shape any more. The emergence rate of rice was the lowest in Safer-mat treatment. In Lawn-mat treatment, which was the most effective for rice emergence in the first study, the differences of emergence and seedling establishment of rice depending on the seeding position (upper, beneath, and between mats) treatments were negligible, while they were higher in dry seeds than in pre-germinated seeds treatment. The emergence as affected by the kinds of mat also showed the same trend when tested using barnyard grass. Depending on the kinds of mat, the inhibition effect of weeds was the greatest in Safer-mat and the poorest in Lawn-mat. These results strongly suggest the possibility that the uniform seedling establishment and weed management without chemical could be achieved simultaneously by seed-mat mulching through the combination of effective mat for the emergence of rice and another efficient mat for the inhibition of weed occurrence. This possibility was also tested in the field.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

다성분 동시분석방법의 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 골프장 농약잔류량검사 대상항목 30종 중 다성분 동시분석이 가능할 것으로 판단되는 24종(유기인계 농약 11종, 유기염소계 농약 5종, 합성피레스로이드계 농약 4종 및 기타 농약 4종 및 농약성분에 대한 토양 잔디 물 등 매체별 회수율 실험 결과, 다성분 동시분석방법의 적용이 가능한 농약은 16종이었으며, 모든 매체에서 70% 이상의 회수율을 보였다. 이들 농약을 계통별로 분류하면, 유기인계 농약 8종(chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, EPN, fenitrothion, phenthoate, phosalone, and toclofos-methyl), 유기염소계 농약 4종(daconil, captan, endosulfan, and tetradifon), 합성피레스로이드계 농약 2종(fepropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin), 기타 농약 2종(bromopropylate, pendimethalin)이었다. 다성분 동시분석방법의 적용 할 수 없는 8종의 농약 중 dicofol의 경우는, 물과 잔디에서는 회수율이 70%를 상회하였으나, 토양에서는 53%로 나타나 토양의 경우 다성분 동시분석방법의 적용은 어려운 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 amitraz는 매체별 회수율이 70% 이하였고, pyraclofos는 매체별 평균 회수율이 다성분 동시분석방법 적용기준($70{\sim}130%$)에 벗어났으며, bensulide, deltamethrin, iprodione, phosphamidon, tralomethlin의 농약은 전혀 검출되지 않아 본 연구에서 사용한 다성분 동시분석방법을 적용할 수 없었다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2002

Eunyang Eupsung is located in Ulsan metropolitan city. This study is identified the sectional shape of City wall. According to the result of this study, The outer wall in the sectional shape of City wall was 'Hyupchuk', but the inside wall was 'Naetak'. In other words, The inside wall has sloping shape, which was filled with stones and covered with soil and the lawn grass.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

Path planning is an essential part for traveling and mowing of autonomous lawn mower tractors. Objectives of the paper were to analyze operation patterns by a skilled farmer, to extract and optimize waypoints, and to demonstrate generation of formatted planned path for autonomous lawn mower tractors. A 27-HP mower tractor was operated by a skilled farmer on grass fields. To measure tractor travel and operation characteristics, an RTK-GPS antenna with a 6-cm RMS error, an inertia motion sensing unit, a gyro compass, a wheel angle sensor, and a mower on/off sensor were mounted on the mower tractor, and all the data were collected at a 10-Hz rate. All the sensor data were transferred through a software program to show the status immediately on the notebook. Planned path was generated using the program parameter settings, mileage and time calculations, and the travel path was plotted using developed software. Based on the human operation patterns, path planning algorithm was suggested for autonomous mower tractor. Finally path generation was demonstrated in a formatted file and graphic display. After optimizing the path planning, a decrease in distance about 13% and saving of the working time about 30% was achieved. Field test data showed some overlap, especially in the turning areas. Results of the study would be useful to implement an autonomous mower tractor, but further research needs to improve the performance.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out in drder to study the changes of morphological characters and thatch weight on N-level and survey times N-levels were 0, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 g/m$^2$), respectively. The results are as follows. 1. Thatch weight was significantly different among survey times, and the interaction of survey time N-level. 2. The growth of Zoysia grass and thatch accumulation were incresed by higher N~level The highest value was obtained in all survey times. 3. Most survey characters and thatch accumulation was decreased by growth progressed. 4. Thatch increase rate(TIR) was the lowest at 28g Nm$^2$and T2-T3 period. 5. TIR was the positive significant correlated(P<0.05) with N-level, root weight, clipping weight and thatch weight.