• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.866-881
• /
• 2012

Han River is a complex water system consisting of many lakes. The water quality of Lake Paldang is significantly affected by incoming flows, which are the South and North branches of the Han River, and the Kyungan Stream. In order to manage the water quality of the Lake Paldang, we should consider the entire water body where the incoming flows are included. The objectives of this study are to develop an integrated river and lake modeling system for Han River system using a multidimensional dynamic model and evaluate the model's performance against field measurement data. The integrated model was calibrated and verified using field measurement data obtained in 2007 and 2008. The model showed satisfactory performance in predicting temporal variations of water level, flow rate and temperature. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for water temperature simulation were $0.88{\sim}2.13^{\circ}C$ (calibration period) and $1.05{\sim}2.00^{\circ}C$ (verification period) respectively. And Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) for water temperature simulation were 1089~0.98 (calibration period) and 0.90~0.98 (verification period). Utilizing the validated model, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distributions of temperature within Han River system. The variations of temperature along the river reaches and vertical thermal profiles for each lakes were effectively simulated with developed model. The suggested modeling system can be effectively used for integrated water quality management of water system consisting of many rivers and lakes.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.840-848
• /
• 2009

Spatial and temporal distributions of POC and DOC were surveyed in the North Han River system, Korea The proportion of algal cells was calculated in four reservoirs (Lakes Soyang, Paro, Chunchon, and Uiam). Monthly average DOC concentrations ranged from 1.5 to 2.3 mg C/L, and POC showed larger variation than DOC (range 0.3 to 1.9 mg C/L). The average proportion of POC in TOC was higher than those of typical natural lakes. Due to the influence of the Asian summer monsoon, the seasonal variation in POC concentration depended on heavy rain events occurring during the summer. POC concentrations increased during the summer monsoon season due to turbid storm runoff laden with debris, while DOC concentrations did not increase. The highest POC concentrations were observed in Lake Soyang in 2006 when a severe rain event occurred. In two deep stratified reservoirs (Lake Soyang and Paro) storm runoffs formed an intermediate turbidity layer with high POC and chlorophyll concentrations which is thought to originate from terrestrial debris and periphyton transported by inflowing streams. The proportion of algal cells in total POC was much lower than for most natural lakes, and it varied with season; low in the monsoon season and high in dry seasons with algal blooms. An analysis of POC concentration and chlorophyll a concentration showed that the ratio of POC/Chl.a varied from 24 to 80.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.32-46
• /
• 2005

경기도 수원시와 평택시에 위치한 광교저수지, 원천저수지, 서호, 남양호, 아산호 등 5개 호소에 대해 2003년 3월부터 11월까지 계절별로 4회의 채집을 실시하고, 식물플랑크톤의 분포 및 현존량을 분석하였다. 분석결과 본 수역에는 5문, 5강, 1아강, 16목, 26과, 1아과, 72속, 167종, 28변종, 1아종, 3품종의 총 199분류군의 식물플랑크톤이 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 전체 식물플랑크톤 중 청정수역을 지표하는 분류군은 9월 광교저수지에서 Cladophora glomerata의 1분류군만이 출현하였으나, 오염수역을 지표하는 분류군은 Oscillatoria chlorina를 포함한 20분류군이 출현하였다. 또한 각각 9분류군과 4분류군의 이취미 및 독성물질을 분비하는 분류군들이 출현하였다. Chlorophyll-a농도에 대한 Yang and Dickman이 제안한 기준에 따르면 서호, 원천저수지, 남양호, 아산호는 과부 영화 상태이며, 광교저수지는 동계에는 빈중영양 상태이고 나머지 계절은 부영양화 상태로 나타났다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.268-281
• /
• 1993

The aquatic quality of the Naktong river after two or three months in June, 1991 with phenol spillage from a electrical factory in Kumi was investigated. The samples were collected at six sites of the Naktong river basin and Kachang and Kongsan lakes. Phenol was not detected from all water samples. Turbidity was very much increased to the down stream in the Naktong river. The BOD and COD values exceeded the 2nd grade(3mg/l) of the Korean standard quality of Environmenal Water Act at the all sampling sites of the Naktong river. Especially, the value of COD at Kaejin (12.5mg/l) was poorly classified as to the 5th grade of water class for the environmental quality standards. Organophosphorous pesticides such as parathion, malathion, fenitrothion and diazinon were investigated but not detected. Diazinon was only detected at the Ilsan bridge(1.42ppb), Okkye stream(6.95ppb), Waekwan bridge(0.32ppb), Gangjung reservior(0.13ppb), Kaejin (0.05ppb). Of the carbamates such as carbanyl, isoprocarb and cabofuran, the carbofuran was detected all sites except tap water, and Kachang and Kongsan lakes. The content of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Hg were not exceeding for drinking water standards at the all sampling region, but only mecury was detected from Okkye stream(0.018ppb) and Kaejin (0.09ppb). In the regions of Kachang and Kongsan lakes, the content of heavy meatals were lower than that of reservior of Naktong river.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2008

대도시의 기본 생활수준 향상을 위해 건립된 인공호는 지역적 환경요인에 의한 퇴적물 중금속 오염이 우려된다. 본 연구의 퇴적물 조사대상인 도심의 소형인공호들은 저수용량이 적고, 체류시간이 길며, 도시대기오염으로 인한 침적물낙하와 함께 호수에 유입될 수 있는 중금속이 최종적으로 퇴적물에 축적된다. 본 연구에서는 도시지역에 조성된 인공호를 대상으로 퇴적물매체에 축적된 총중금속, 용존중금속, 그리고 생물이용성 중금속의 상호연관성을 규명하고자 시도하였다. 생물이용량은 약전해질추출법(Weak-Electrolyte Extraction, WEE)에 의해 측정하였다. 도심인공호 전체 조사지역에 대한 퇴적물의 총중금속 검출빈도는 아연, 구리, 크롬, 니켈, 비소, 카드뮴 순으로 확인되었고, 총량에 대한 검출은 아연이 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 총중금속에 대한 생물이용성 중금속의 비율은 중금속별, 측정지역별로 매우 상이하였으며 전반적으로 중금속의 생물이용성은 구리 (Cu)가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 높은 생물이용성을 나타낸 구리의 경우 기존독성연구 결과와 비교한 결과 높은 생태독성을 나타내고 있어 본 연구에서 예측한 현상을 지지하고 있으나, 차후 생물검정법(Bioassay)을 통한 검증이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2023

This study compares the abundance and community structure of zooplankton organisms from pelagic regions, and considers particularly the trophic levels vs. zooplankton abundances and biomass. Zooplankton samples were collected three times from May to November 2022, at 30 temperate lakes and reservoirs, which belong to four different river basins. The total zooplankton abundance, biomass and species index were showed considerable spatial variation. The spatial pattern of rotifer abundance was similar to that of total zooplankton abundance, while there were not showed similar patterns of zooplankton biomass (㎍ L^-1) in lentic ecosystems. The rotifer strongly dominated the zooplankton assemblage in smaller lentic system than that of larger. A total of 130 species of zooplankton were identified (83 rotifers, 34 cladocerans and 13 copepods). The total average of zooplankton abundance and biomass were 213.7±342.3 Ind. L^-1 (n=129) and 1382.8±1850.4 ㎍ L^-1, respectively. Total and average of zooplankton abundance were usually dominated by the rotifers (>56.9%), while those of zooplankton biomass were dominated by the cladocerans and copepods (>73.6%) in lentic ecosystems. Considering the Trophic State Index (TSI), the factors of zooplankton abundance and biomass were included in between meso- and eutrophic states(27 lakes, 90% of all). The mean abundance and biomass of zooplankton in eutrophic systems were higher than that of meso- and hypertrophic systems. From this result, we suggest that management strategy for the lentic ecosystem water environment has to be focused more on small-sized lakes and reservoirs, in terms of zooplankton assemblages.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.449-460
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 지형도(1920년대)와 위성사진(1990년대)을 기초로, GIS 분석기법을 이용하여, 한반도 동해안의 석호와 하적호를 포함한 자연호의 분포, 면적 및 형상, 시계열적 변화과정을 분석한 것이다. 1990년 현재, 동해안에 확인된 면적 $0.01km^2$이상의 자연호는 총 57개이며, 총면적은 $75.62km^2$이다. 석호의 수는 총 48개, 총 면적은 $64.85km^2$로, 자연호의 85%를 차지하며, 가장 큰 것은 라선시의 번포이다. 하적호는 본류의 퇴적물에 의해 해안에 인접한 지류들이 본류 퇴적물에 의해 막힌 것으로, 석호들과 비슷한 위치에 존재하며, 이중 기장 큰 것은 함경남도 어랑군의 장연호로 용암대지 개석곡에 발달한 하적호이다. 동해안에서도 두만강 하구$\sim$청진, 흥남$\sim$호도반도, 안변$\sim$강릉 해안에 석호의 분포가 높다. 지형태적 관련성을 보면, 자연호의 면적과 둘레 사이에서 가장 높은 상관관계가 나타나며, 면적과 형상도 사이에는 상관도가 낮다. 석호가 위치한 지역의 해안선은 지체구조와 연안류의 영향을 받아, 북서-남동, 북동-남서 계열이 우세하다. 호수로 유입하는 하천은 최대 길이가 대체로 15km 미만이며, 유입 하천에 의한 호수 면적의 감소는 면적이 좁을수록 뚜렷하다. 자연호가 위치한 지역의 지형은 해안-구릉, 해안평야, 해안평야-하곡, 해안평야-구릉, 하곡-구릉으로 구분되며, 1920년과 1990년 사이의 시계열적인 면적 감소는 해안평야-하곡의 지형에서 가장 심하고, 다음으로 해안평야이다. 면적 감소는 하천과 사구로부터의 퇴적물 유입에 의한 건륙화와 인위적인 호안 매립에 의해 나타나고 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제12권7호
• /
• pp.689-695
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and to predict of eutrophication in lakes by using Vollenweider-OECD model and total phosphorus concentration and inflow rate which were measured in 1993∼2001. The results of study were as follows. The annual total phosphorus loading from the watershed was calculated to be 55∼195tP/yr at lake Soyang, 221∼466tP/yr at lake Taechong, 123∼278tP/yr at lake Andong, 57∼109tP/yr at lake Seomjin. These are discharged, far the most parts, from population and fishfarm facility. TP loading on the surface area at lake Soyang was 3.01gP/㎡/yr, 2.82gP/㎡/yr, 2.84gP/㎡/yr, 3.03gP/㎡/yr, 2.34gP/㎡/yr, 1.78gP/㎡/yr, 0.91gP/㎡/yr, 0.89gP/㎡/yr, 0.86gP/㎡/yr, lake Taechong was 6.71gP/㎡/yr, 7.25gP/㎡/yr, 7.24gP/㎡/yr, 6.53gP/㎡/yr, 6.50gP/㎡/yr, 7.06gP/㎡/yr, 7.04gP/㎡/yr, 4.05gP/㎡/yr, 3.44gP/㎡/yr and TP loading on the surface area of lake Andong, lake Soemjin were 5.39gP/㎡/yr, 4.47gP/㎡/yr, 4.56gP/㎡/yr, 4.45gP/㎡/yr, 3.33gP/㎡/yr, 2.38gP/㎡/yr, 2.53gP/㎡/yr, 2.46gP/㎡/yr, 2.54gP/㎡/yr, 4.09gP/㎡/yr, 4.10gP/㎡/yr, 3.98gP/㎡/yr, 3.73gP/㎡/yr, 2.80gP/㎡/yr, 3.46gP/㎡/yr, 3.22gP/㎡/yr, 2.19gP/㎡/yr, 2.13gP/㎡/yr respectively. The tropic states of four lakes can be assessed as eutrophy because phosphorus leading exceeds the critical phosphorus loading by Vollenweider-OECD model.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.1349-1360
• /
• 2012

This study presented the phytoplankton communities of the three lakes (Sayeon, Daeam, Hoeya ) using for drinking water in the Ulsan reservoir. The water storage of the Lake Sayeon, Daeam and Hoeya were 25, 13, 21 million ton respectively and most of which were being utilized for industrial and residential purposes. The total precipitation of the Ulsan region in 2010 was 1,162 mm, decreasing 10 % from 1,275 mm of the annual. As for pollutant loads, BOD and TN discharge loads of Daeam was the highest with 3,277 kg/day, 1,931 kg/day and 90 % of them were came from non-point pollutant sources. TP discharge loads showed the highest in the lake Hoeya with 643 kg/day and 97 % of them were came from point sources as household, industry and livestock. We assessed water quality of the lake Sayeon, Daeam and Hoeya using 17 variables. The water quality assessment found that the lake Daeam met the fourth to fifth grade because of high concentration of COD, SS and chlorophyll-a. Eutrophication assessment was conducted by revised Carlson's Index (TSIm, Aizaki) and found that Lake Daeam was more eutrophicated than the other two lakes all the year through as for chlorophyll-a, transparency and the total phosphorus (TP). A total of 95~111 phytoplankton species were identified from the three lake samples. Among them, the largest number of species were Chlorophyceae with 35~51, followed by Bacillariophyceae with 36~45, Cyanophyceae with 9~11, and Cryptophyceae with 6~9 species. The total cell number of phytoplankton was the highest in February (15,254 cells/mL) with Bacillariophyceae in the lake Daeam and the seasonal succession shows that Bacillariophyceae (Stephanodiscus spp.) in the spring, Cyanophyceae (Anabaena spp.) in the summer and the autumn, Bacillariophyceae (Stephanodiscus spp.) in the winter.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.243-246
• /
• 2006

In order to determine the current infection status of pond smelts, Hypomesus olidus, and other freshwater fishes with trematode metacercariae, a total of 4,861 pond smelts and 18 other freshwater fishes, collected from the Soyang and Uiam Lakes in Gangwon-do, the Unam Lake in Jeollabuk-do, the Jangseong Lake in Jeollanam-do, the Uirim-ji (lake) in Chungcheongbuk-do, and the Andong Lake in Gyeongsangbuk-do, were individually digested with 1 % pepsin-HCI and examined under a dissecting microscope. In all pond smelts caught from the 6 lakes, we were unable to detect any known human infectious trematode metacercariae in Korea. However, in other freshwater fishes, such as, Squalidus japonicus coreanus (Unam Lake), and Zacco platypus (Jangseong Lake) and Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis (Jangseong Lake), metacercariae of human-infecting trematodes, i.e., Clonorchis sinensis and Metagonimus sp. were detected, respectively.