• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1998

In order to reconstruct the traditional technology of Korean golden varnish(Hwangchil) made from the exudates of D. morbifera, this study in the second step was carried out to analyze the chemical composition and oil properties of the exudates for coatings and bark extractives made from the trees of D. morbifera more than 20 years old grown in Wando and Jejudo islands in the southwestern part of Korean peninsula according to the physiological seasons. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The exudates appeared to be a phytoalexin because it exudated after several days in tapping only in summer season. 2. Both the exudates and bark-extracts with acetone contained 50~60% unsaponifiables and 30~50% saponifiables 3. A major component of essential oil in bark-extractives was ${\beta}$-cubebene and reached to 60~80%, while that of exudates included only 34% ${\beta}$-cubebene and some other compounds such as ${\beta}$-cadinene of 12%, aromadendrene of 9%, ${\beta}$-selinene of 9%, CAS030021-74-0 of 10%, etc. in GC-MS spectrometer. 4. A mjor component of fatty oil fraction in bark-extractives was linoleic acid and reached to more than 60%, while the exudates had mostly other components such as terpenes and phenolics instead of fatty acids accordint to GC-MS spectrometer. 5. Iodine value of samples after oil refining had 214mg/g in the exudates and more than than 150mg/g in bark-extractives, so the latter belonged to a drying oil.. 6. Therefore, the exudates from D. morbifera for traditional Korean golden varnish seems to have beeen used to a good varnish because it has some specific compounds different from its bark-extractives or general varnishes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.24-28
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• 1997

As a way to revive the traditional technology of Korean golden varnish(Hwangchill), the exudates of D. morbifera, this study was carried out at first to investigate the anatomical characteristics and the chemical composition of D. morbifera stems and their exudates. Trees of more than 20 years old were harvested at Wando and Jejudo islands in the southwestern part of Korean peninsula during different physiological seasons of winter, spring, and summer, The results obtained are as follows: 1. In the anatomical aspect of wood, Hwangchil woods is ring-porous wood, has alternate inter-vessel pittings and horizontal intercellular canal in xylem. 2. In the chemical aspect of wood and bark, the general compositions appeared hot to differ from those of other hardwoods, and ash and alcohol-benzene extractives showed little increase with the increase of atmospheric temperature of harvesting season. 3. In the solvent-sequential extraction of bark, wood and exudate, the exudates was extracted up to 80% by ether, but the bark and wood contained a very small amount of ether extractives, about 2% in the bark and 0.5% in the xylem.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 1998

In order to reconstruct the traditional technology of Korean golden varnish coatings, this study was carried out to separate and determine some main coloring components of the exudates of D. morbifera and its traditionally refined golden varnishes using a process of solvent extractions, chromatographies and spectrometries. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The exudate and its traditional-refined golden varnishes appear to have a kind of natural polyacetylenes because it has some triple bond peaks in FT-IR spectrometry. 2. Some yellowing spots of the polar-solvent extrats from the exudates and refined varnishes separated on TLC appeared under natural drying condition, but those of non-polar solvent extract such as hexane did not. 3. A traditional refining method for reconstructing a Korea golden varnishes was thought to be better than solvent separation because the former had higher triple-bond peaks than the latter in FT-IR spectrometry. 4. One of main conponents in the hexane-extracts of the traditional-refined varnishes and the exudates had the same molcular weighr of 204, but the fragmentation patterns was a little different between the exudate and the refined. in LC-MS soectrometry.