• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.409-414
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• 1996

The aim of this paper is to research on the actual condition of Koreans' Spanish consonants pronunciation with an emphasis on describing the phonetic different of Korean speakers and Spanish speakers. 40 Spanish words were chosen for the speech sampling, and 10 Spanish majoring Korean students from Seoul or Kyunggi Province and 3 Spanish speakers form Castile, Spain participated in the interview. The most noticeable phonetic differences of Korean speakers' pronunciation comparing with Spanish speakers are abstracted as follows: 1) The voiced stops are pronounced voiceless or weak voiced. 2) The voiced stops are slightly aspirated. 3) The length of voiceless consonants is quite longer than the length of proceeding vowel. 4) Fricatives and affricates are somewhat fronter, and weaker in the degree of friction. 5) There is a strong tendency to geminate dental lateral /l/ such as 'pelo' and to vocalize palatal lateral /$\rightthreetimes$/ such as 'calle' 6) Unlike in Spanish speech flap $\mid$r$\mid$ and trill [r] are pronounced similarly in Korean speech.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1992.06a
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• pp.71-75
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• 1992

This paper proposes algorithm in order to classify Korean consonant phonemes same as polosives, fricatives affricates into la sounds, glottalized sounds, aspirated sounds. This three kinds of sounds are one of distinctive characters of the Korean language which don't eist in language same as English. This is thesis on classfication of 14 Korean consonants(k, t, p, s, c, k', t', p', s', c', kh, ph, ch) as a previous stage for Korean phone recognition. As feature sets for classification, LPC cepstral analysis. The eperiments are two stages. First, using short-time speech signal analysis and Mahalanobis distance, consonant segments are detected from original speech signal, then the consonants are classified by fuzzy inference. As the results of computer simulations, the classification rate of the speech data was come to 93.75%.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.187-192
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to show that the current notation of Japanese proper names in Korean has some problems. It cannot represent the different sounds between the voiced and voiceless. The purpose of this paper is also to give a more correct notation which is coherent and efficient. After introducing some general knowledge about the phonemes of Japanese language, I measured the Voice Onset Time of the stops[k, t] at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of a word, and compared the spectrogram of affricates with that of fricatives. In conclusion, Japanese voiceless [k, t ,$t{\int}$] should be written as [ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅊ] and voiced [g, d $d_3$] as [ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅈ] and the affricate[ts] as[ㅊ] in Korean.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4E
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• pp.134-139
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• 2004

It is generally known that accurate segmentation is very necessary for both an individual word and continuous utterances in speech recognition. It is also commonly known that techniques are now being developed to classify the voiced and the unvoiced, also classifying the plosives and the fricatives. The method for accurate recognition of the phonemes isn't yet scientifically established. Therefore, in this study we analyze the Korean language, using the classification of 'Hunminjeongeum' and contemporary phonetics, with the frequency band, Mel band and Mel Cepstrum, we extract notable features of the phonemes from Korean speech and segment speech by the unit of the phonemes to normalize them. Finally, through the analysis and verification, we intend to set up Phonemic Segmentation System that will make us able to adapt it to both an individual word and continuous utterances.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2015

The current study explores whether speaker variability in the fronted articulations of Seoul Korean affricates can be explained by cognitive differences measured by individual autistic traits. The goal was to explore Yu's (2010; 2013) proposal that individual differences in cognitive style can be an important factor in speakers' use of sound variants. The spectral peak frequencies (SPF) of affricates relative to those of fricatives, reported in Kong et al. (2014), were used to acoustically represent the relative degree of anterior place of constriction. When these individual SPFs were related to the scores of Autistic-Spectrum Quotients (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), a correlation was found for the male speakers, but not for the female speakers, such that speakers of more anterior affricate productions scored low in AQs. Discussion is made with respect to how these findings are in line with Yu's proposal.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.73-82
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• 2000

The perceptual judgement of nasality is still used in the assessment of velopharyngeal incompetence, but it should not be the sole criterion for speech nasality. Objective procedures may be used to assess velopharyngeal function, for example, nasometer, aerodynamics, x-ray, electromyography, nasoendoscopy, and videofluoroscopy can be utilized. The nasometer employs noninvasive measurement methods and measures with high levels of accuracy. The aim of this study was to obtain comprehensive nasalance data for Korean children, aged 7 years, and to investigate any gender differences within that age group. The results were as follow: 1. Statistically, gender has no significant effect on the nasalance of vowels /a/, /i/, /o/, /u/, /je/, /wi/) but the nasalance of the vowels /e/, /ja/) was higher in males (p<0.05). 2. There was no statistically significant effect of gender in plosives /p/, /ph/, /p'/, /t/, /th/, /t'/, /k/, /kh/, /k'/), affricatives /c/, /ch/, /c'/), and fricatives /s/, /s'/, /$\int$/). 3. The nasalance of the nasal consonants, /m/, /n/, /an/) is higher in males and only /n/, /an/ were statistically significant (p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.91-95
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• 2005

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of postvocalic voicing(Contrasting voiceless fricative and affricate with voiced fricative and affricate) on vowel duration. In particular we focused on the durational differences between vowels followed by voiceless and voiced consonants across three groups of speakers: English speakers, English bilinguals and Korean learners of English. the result of experimental I showed that durations of vowels preceding voiced fricative and affricates as well as voiced stops are significantly longer than those preceding voiceless counterparts. Experiment Ⅱ indicated that as the subjects exposed themselves longer to English speaking society, their pronunciation was increasingly similar to those of English native speakers.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

The neutralization of /$s^h$/ and /$s^*$/ in Gyeongsang dialects is a culturally salient stereotype that has received relatively little attention in the phonetic literature. The current study is a more extensive acoustic comparison of the sibilant fricative productions of Seoul and Gyeongsang dialect speakers. The data presented here suggest that, at least for young Seoul and Daegu speakers, there are few inter-dialectal differences in sibilant fricative production. These conclusions are supported by the output of mixed effects logistic regression models that used aspiration duration, spectral mean of the frication noise, and H1-H2 of the following vowel to predict fricative type in each dialect. The clearest dialect difference was that Daegu speakers' /$s^h$/ and /$s^*$/ productions had overall shorter aspiration durations than those of Seoul speakers, suggesting the opposite of the traditional "/$s^*$/ produced as [$s^h$]" stereotype of Gyeongsang dialects. Further work is needed to investigate whether /$s^h/-/s^*$/ neutralization in Daegu is perceptual rather than acoustic in nature.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.223-235
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• 2002

Unlike Seoul dialect, in the Busan dialect, /ㅅ/ and /ㅆ/ are phonemically non-distinctive and realization of tensing is non-productive, on the other hand, that of voicing is productive. In order to discover causes of such characteristics in Busan dialect, this paper firstly compared acoustic characteristics of Seoul dialect with those of Busan dialect on fricative /ㅅ/ and /ㅆ/. The result showed that Busan dialect has much shorter length of friction and aspiration intervals of word initial and word-medial position than Seoul dialect. I expect that these results are important keys to discover causes of the following characteristics of Busan-dialect - non-distinction, non-productivity of tensing, and productivity of voicing - on Fricative /ㅅ/ and /ㅆ/.

• MALSORI
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• no.59
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between intelligibility and phonemic contrasts, and acoustic features in terms of speech development. A total of 212 Putonghua speaking children was participated in the experiment. There were phonemic contrasts significantly related with speech intelligibility: aspirated vs. fricative, retroflex vs. unretroflex, and front vs. back nasal vowel contrast. A regression analysis showed that 88% of the speech intelligibility could be predicted by these phonemic contrasts. Acoustic values were significantly related to the intelligibility of the Putonghua-speaking children's speech: voice onset time of unaspirated stops, and the duration of frication noise in fricatives.