• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.132-139
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• 2017

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with endocrine system in organisms, and have different mode of actions compared to conventional chemicals. Therefore, EDCs specific ecotoxicity tests and assessments have been globally developed by some organizations such as OECD, ASTM, and USEPA. In Korea, researches on EDCs and monitoring of EDCs in domestic environments were also continued. However, Korean ecotoxicity test guidelines for EDCs are not suggested till date. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze international ecotoxicity test guidelines for EDCs and the compare ecotoxicity methods and toxicity endpoints among standard test guidelines. We found that there are very limited EDCs specific soil ecotoxicity test guidelines (only in ASTM) compared to aquatic ecotoxicity test guidelines. Currently, fish, amphibian, waterflea, copepoda, earthworm, white worm, springtail, nematode, mite, and midge are suggested as standard ecotoxicity test species for EDCs. Reproduction, hormones, growth, vitellogenin, sex retio and development were proposed as endpoints for EDCs ecotoxicity. This study provided the comparison of EDCs specific ecotoxicity methods and endpoints between standard test guidelines, and suggested the further research to develop the method for assesseing ecotoxicity of EDCs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2008

Emissions from automobiles have long been considered a prime source of pollutants involved in smog formation and ozone production. Especially VOCs are associated with serious environmental problems such as photo-chemical smog as well as human health effects. Since motor vehicles are a major source of VOCs, estimating of emission from mobile source is the most important factor to control VOCs. VOCs are emitted from various pollution like motor vehicles, mobile and stationary source that has characteristics of toxicity, cancer-causing, bio-accumulation, durability in air and diffusion can exert a bad influence upon human health and environment. However we don't have any standard or regulation about VOCs emissions. This study is summarized as VOCs emission characteristics from in-use light-duty diesel and LPG fueled vehicles. The vehicle exhaust-gas test mode is CVS cycle and nier-10 cycles that developed on EPA and National Institute of Environmental Research. TO-14 method (Toxic Organic) was chosen for VOCs analysis from EPA in USA. This study results will be useful when make a emission factor and rule making of emission standard about domestic VOCs emission for the improve to air condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.119-122
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• 2003

Quantitation methods of total petroleum hydrocarbons to determinate oil contaminated level in soil were discussed. Extraction characteristics of several pretreatment methods and practical detection limit and reappearances in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. with each pretreatment method were investigated. The obtained results showed that the newly adopted quantitation method and mechanical shaking extraction method using methanol with extraction solvent are more practical and applicable to real sample than the conventional methods. In applying these methods to gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil which are major source of soil contamination, the practical quantitation limit and % relative standard deviation was able to determine with range of 2.5 - 10 ppm, 5 - 7 ％.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2009

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used as a rapid and non-destructive method to determine the protein content in intact and ground seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasms grown in Korea. A total of 115 samples were scanned in the reflectance mode of a scanning monochromator at intact seed and flour condition, and the reference values for the protein content was measured by auto-Kjeldahl system. In the developed ground and intact NIRS equations for analysis of protein, the most accurate equation were obtained at 2, 8, 6, 1 math treatment conditions with standard normal variate and detrend scatter correction method and entire spectrum (400-2,500 nm) by using modified partial least squares regression (n=78). External validation (n=34) of these NIRS equations showed significant correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values based on the standard error of prediction (SEP), $R^2$, and the ratio of standard deviation of reference data to SEP. Therefore, these ground and intact NIRS equations can be applicable and reliable for determination of protein content in pea seeds, and non-destructive NIRS method could be used as a mass analysis technique for selection of high protein pea in breeding program and for quality control in food industry.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2001

Throughout the world, physical and chemical analyses of horticultural substrates are carried out in many different ways at the different laboratories. In Europe, standardization in properties and analytical methods of horticultural substrates has been a topic over the last decades. As a result, the CEN methods as European standard methods for the physical and chemical analyses were introduced and the final draft was reported in 1999 by CEN(Committee for European Standardization). Dry matter and moisture content are analyzed after drying samples at $103^{\circ}C$. Laboratory compacted bulk density is analyzed by determining the weight of sample compacted in the test cylinder with constant volume. Dry bulk density, particle density, total pore space, water volume, air volume and volume shrinkage are determined by saturating, draining and drying the sample using double rings and a sand suction table. pH and EC are analyzed by 1:5(sample:distilled water) extraction method on the basis of volume. Organic matter and ash content are determined after drying and combusting the samples. Now, CEN methods are being regarded almost as European standard methods. Further study needs to be carried out for universal applicability of the CEN methods to all the substrates.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.141-150
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• 2004

The method of reusing the environmental data which is previously modelled in modeling and simulation is very important. So, we need an environmental data representation and interchange mechanism which satisfies the requirements of sharing. The SEDRIS STF(SEDRIS Transmittal Format) provides environmental data users and producers with a clearly defined interchange specification. In this paper, We design and implement an automatic converter which converts commercial data(Maya) format to standard interchange format and vice verse without losing semantic of information content using SEDRIS standard interchange format.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.265-278
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• 2014

Microbes such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses are ubiquitous and people are exposed to them continuously. Endotoxin is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and a potent proinflammaotry substance. When a person is exposed to environmental endotoxin, an innate immune response is initiated upon the initial recognition and this response produces various inflammatory mediators and recruits inflammatory cells to the exposed tissues. A purified chemical form of endotoxin is called lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the lipid A portion of the molecule is a biologically active moiety. Exposure to endotoxin may result in various complex health effects depending on time, route, and dose of exposure, as well as host susceptibility. Gene-environment interactions play important roles in health effects of endotoxin exposure, e.g. development or aggravation of asthma. To accurately assess exposure to endotoxin in environmental or epidemiologic studies, methods of sampling, extraction, and analysis must be carefully selected since the selected methods may substantially affect analytical results and there is no internationally-agreed standard method to date. The lack of a standardized method hampers the establishment of exposure-response relationships. While an internationally-agreed health-based exposure limit does not exist, the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Safety recently recommended $90EU/m^3$ as a health-based occupational exposure limit. The current article reviews various scientific issues on how we measure environmental endotoxin and the health effects of endotoxin exposure.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 2018

On November 15, 2017, Pohang earthquake occurred. Its local magnitude was announced to be $M_L=5.4$ by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Ground motion data recorded at KMA stations were obtained from their data bases. From the data, horizontal and vertical response spectra, and V/H ratio were calculated. The horizontal spectra were defined as GMRotI50 spectra. From the statistical analysis of the GMRotI50 spectra, a mean plus one standard deviation spectrum in lognormal distribution is obtained. Regression analysis is performed on this curve to determine the shape of spectrum including transition periods. Applying the same procedure, the shape and transition periods of vertical spectrum were obtained. These results were compared with theKorean standard design spectra, which were developed from domestic and overseas intra-plate earthquake records, and Gyeongju earthquake response spectra. The response spectra of Pohang earthquake were found to be almost identical with the newly proposed design spectra. Even the V/H ratios showed good agreement. These results confirmed that the method adopted when developing the standard design spectra were valid and the developed design spectra were reliable.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 1983

This paper describes three-dimensional (3-D) standard curves for single prismatic buried bodies in induced polarization (IP) method. Dipole-dipole IP responses for the bodies are calculated by the numerical modeling technique using an integral equation solution. The pattern of IP responses for conductive targets depends on the ratio of the width of body to the depth extent. The IP response of a body of six units in strike length approximates that of a two-dimensional body. In addition, if the strike length is long enough, a layered-earth interpretation is applicable for a body much longer than four units in width. Moving an IP line away from the center of a body alon gstrike produces an effect similar to that of increasing the depth. Moving the location of body along line has little effect to the pattern of IP responses.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.8B
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• pp.1456-1463
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• 1999

This paper describes the measurement system of antenna factor using standard antenna method in OATS(Open Area Test Site) of KRISS(Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science) and methods for reducing an environmental noise affecting antenna factor. The range of measurement frequency is 30 - 1000 MHz, all control and data acquisition were done by computer automatically. Measurement results of antenna factors are presented, total uncertainty of antenna factor is $\pm$1 dB.