• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among students from Goseonggun, Gangwon-do and Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do as typical low and high endemic counties. From May to July 2017, a total of 2,033 fecal samples were collected at 27 elementary, 10 junior high, and 8 high schools from 2 counties and examined by the Kato-Katz technique for egg-positive surveys (Collection rate: 37.02% [2,033/5,492]). Of the participants examined, 13 (0.64%) were found to harbor eggs of 3 parasitic species, Trichuris trichiura, Clonorchis sinensis and Metagonimus yokogawai. Based on the regional distribution, the egg-positive rate in Goseong-gun was 0% (0/550) and that in Hadong-gun was 0.88% (13/1,483). The positive rates for C. sinensis, M. yokogawai, and T. trichiura in Hadonggun were 0.20% (3/1,483), 0.61% (9/1,483), and 0.07% (1/1,483), respectively. The present survey showed that the prevalence of parasitic infection among students is currently very low even in remote, previously endemic areas, and the present status of parasitic diseases can be summarized as some transmission of fish/food-borne trematodes. Thus, it is necessary to carefully, continuously monitor the trematode infection status, particularly of C. sinensis and M. yokogawai.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1984

Albendazole, a new broad spectrum anthelmintic drug, was evaluated for anthelmintic effects in 74 patients with single or mixed infections of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura. Enterobius vermicularis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Clonorchis sinensis and Taenia spp. Albendazole was administered as a single dose of 400 mg. The cure rate for A. lumbricoides and E. vermicularis was 91.4% and 98.1% respectively at day 30 post-treatment: for T. trichiura it was 51.1% and for M. yakogawai and C. sinensis it was 33.3% and 13.3% respectively. The egg reduction rate at day 30 was 98.5% in A. lumbricoides, 76.5% for T. trichiura : 60.0% for M. yokogawai and 59.6% for C. sinensis However it was not cured in all 5 cases of taeniasis at three months follow-up examination. On the other hand, the various dosages of albendazole were given to the patients infected with C. sinensis and Taenia spp. respectively. The follow-up examinations were carried out at 30 days after treatment in clonorchiasis and at 3 months after treatment in taeniasis. In the results, the recommended dosage of albendazole for clonorchiasis is $3{\times}400mg$ for 3 consecutive days and for taeniasis $2{\times}400mg$ for 3 consecutive days. There were no side effects with the above dosages except only a mild abdominal pain and dizziness in a few patients. Albendazole appears to be more effective than the other available broad spectrum anthelmintic drugs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2003

Lymphatic filariasis due to Brugia malayi infection was endemic in several areas of South Korea. The infection was controlled, or disappeared, in most areas, with the exception of the remote southwestern islands of Jeonranam-do, including the Heugsan Islands. To discover its current situation, a small-scale survey was performed on the Heugsan islands in September 2000. A total of 378 people, 151 male and 227 female, living in 8 villages (6 on Daeheugsan-do, 1 on Daejang-do, and 1 on Yeongsan-do) were subjected to a night blood survey for microfilaremia, and physical examination for elephantiasis on the extremities. There were 6 (1.6%) microfilaria positive cases, all in females aged 57-72 years, and from only two villages of the Daeheugsan-do area. There were 4 patients with lower leg elephantiasis, but they showed no microfilaremia. The results show that a low-grade endemicity of filariasis remains on the Daeheugsan-do.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.243-248
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• 1999

The present study analyzed serum IgG subclass antibody reaction to major antigenic bands of Clonorchis sinensis to investigate improvement of its serodiagnosis. Of the four subclass antibodies, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were produced but not specific, IgG3 antibody was least produced, and IgG4 antibody was prominent and specific. The serum IgG antibody reaction to any of 43-50, 34-37, 26-28, and 8 kDa bands was found in 65.5％ of 168 egg positive cases while IgG4 antibody reaction was found in 22.0％ of them. The positive rates of IgG and IgG4 antibodies were directly correlated with the intensity of infection. All of the sera from heavily infected cases over EPG 5,000 showed positive reaction for specific IgG and IgG4 antibodies. The specific serum IgG4 antibody disappeared within 6 months after treatment. The bands of 35 kDa and 67 kDa cross-reacted with IgG antibodies but not with IgG4 antibodies in sera of other trematode infections. The present findings suggest that serum IgG4 antibody reaction to 8 kDa band is specific but not sensitive. Any method to increase its sensitivity is required for improved serodiagnosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2003

The effects of anti-allergic drugs on intestinal mastocytosis and the expulsion of Neodiplostomum seoulense were observed in Sprague-Dawley rats, after oral infection with 500 metacercariae. The drugs used were hydroxyzine (a histamine receptor H$_1$ blocker), cimetidine (a H$_2$ blocker), cyclosporin-A (a helper T-cell suppressant), and prednisolone (a T- and B-cell suppressant). Infected, but untreated controls, and uninfected controls, were prepared. Worm recovery rate and intestinal mastocytosis were measured on weeks 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 post-infection. Compared with the infected controls, worm expulsion was significantly (P < 0.05) delayed in hydroxyzine- and cimetidine-treated rats, despite mastocytosis being equally marked in the duodenum of all three groups. In the cyclosporin-A- and prednisolone-treated groups, mastocytosis was suppressed, but worm expulsion was only slightly delayed, without statistical significance. Our results suggest that binding of histamine to its receptors on intestinal smooth muscles is more important in terms of the expulsion of N. seoulense from rats than the levels of histamine alone, or mastocytosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

The mature domain of a cysteine protease of Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid larva (i.e., sparganum) was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its value as an antigen for the serodiagnosis of sparganosis was investigated. The recombinant protein (rSepCp-1) has the molecular weight of 23.4 kDa, and strongly reacted with the sparganum positive human or mice sera but not with negative sera by immunoblotting. ELISA with rSepCp-1 protein or sparganum crude antigen (SeC) was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of sparganosis using patient's sera. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA using rSepCp-1 protein were 95.0% (19/20) and 99.1% (111/112), respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA with SeC were 100% (20/20) and 96.4% (108/112), respectively. Moreover, in experimentally infected mice, the sensitivity and specificity of both ELISA assays were 100% for the detection of anti-sparganum IgG. It is suggested that the rSepCp-1 protein-based ELISA could provide a highly sensitive and specific assay for the diagnosis of sparganosis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.734-741
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• 2016

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has a role in inducing emergency hematopoiesis upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Although GM-CSF generated murine bone marrow derived cells have been widely used as macrophages or dendritic cells in research, the exact characteristics of each cell population have not yet been defined. Here we discriminated GM-CSF grown bone marrow derived macrophages (GM-BMMs) from dendritic cells (GM-BMDCs) in several criteria. After C57BL/6J mice bone marrow cell culture for 7 days with GM-CSF supplementation, two main populations were observed in the attached cells based on MHCII and F4/80 marker expressions. GM-BMMs had $MHCII^{low}F4/80^{high}$ as well as $CD11c^+CD11b^{high}CD80^-CD64^+MerTK^+$ phenotypes. In contrast, GM-BMDCs had $MHCII^{high}F4/80^{low}$ and $CD11c^{high}CD8{\alpha}^-CD11b^+CD80^+CD64^-MerTK^{low}$ phenotypes. Interestingly, the GM-BMM population increased but GM-BMDCs decreased in a GM-CSF dose-dependent manner. Functionally, GM-BMMs showed extremely high phagocytic abilities and produced higher IL-10 upon LPS stimulation. GM-BMDCs, however, could not phagocytose as well, but were efficient at producing $TNF{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-12p70 and IL-6 as well as inducing T cell proliferation. Finally, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that GM-BMMs and GM-BMDCs are overlap with in vivo resident macrophages and dendritic cells, respectively. Taken together, our study shows the heterogeneicity of GM-CSF derived cell populations, and specifically characterizes GM-CSF derived macrophages compared to dendritic cells.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1992

A systematic study was conducted to identify and isolate a serologically pertinent antigen with high specific activity and low cross reactivity from P.westermani antigen. Differential centrifugation of the homogenate yield three particulate and one soluble fractions ; the $480{\times}G$ pellet(Pw1), the $7650{\times}G$ pellet(Pw2) treated with n-butanol(Pw3), and $100000{\times}G$ supernatnat(Pw4). Comparison of antigenicity of these antigens, based upon differential centrifugation, to that of saline extract of P. westermani worm(SEP) was performed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot techniques. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The ratio of absorbance value of ELISA against paragonimiasis positive pool sera to that of negative sera was highest when using Pw3 as antigen and that was lowest using Pwl. 2) Silver stained and SDS-PAGE of each antigen showed 34 and 13Kd band as common antigen band, but Pw2 didn't show clear band. 3) By immunoblot 55 and 34Kd bands using SEP and Pw4 showed strong positive reaction without cross reaction with sera from other helmenthic infections. Using Pw3, 10Kd band was observed as specific band. In conclusion, Pw3($100000{\times}G$ pellet urea soluble, treated with n-butanol) and Pw4($100000{\times}G$ supernatant) were usable for ELISA and immunoblot technique.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1981

This survey was undertaken to evaluate the status of clonorchiasis in Chang-gok Myun, Hong-Seong Gun adjacent to Yedang reservoir from Sept., 1980 to Oct., 1981. A total of 550 subjects (male 318, and female 232) were examined by cellophane-thick smear technique and formalin-ether method. In order to identify the intensity of the Clonorchis sinensis infection, Stoll's egg dilution counting method was also applied to the C. sinensis positive cases. The following results were obtained in this survey; 1. In the examination of 550 subjects, Clonorchis sinensis eggs were found in 167 cases (30.4%). Male subjects showed 43.4% positive rates and female represented 12.5%. 2. The highest prevalence rate of Clonorchis sinensis was found in 40~49 year group in male (64.2%) and 30~39 year group in female (22.0%), although 14.3%~16.7% positive rates were found in young aged group. 3. Mean E.P.G. of Clonorchis sinensis infected cases were 6,148, showing 7,533 in male and 5,193 in female. 4. The degree of intensity of Clonorchis sinensis infection by E.P.G. count was distributed as 30.4% in light infection (1~999), 45.7% in moderate infection (1,000~29,999) and 5.8% in very heavy infection (over 30,000) in male. Female showed 48.3% in light, 37.9% in moderate, 10.3%. in heavy and 3.5% in very heavy infection. 5. Other helminthic infection rate was 15.6% in Ascaris lumbricoides infection, 15.1% in Trichuris trichiura infection and 4.4% of male subjects showed eggs of Taenia species.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2016

Purpose: Early diagnosis of gastric cancer is still the exception in Western countries. In the East, as in Japan and Korea, this disease is an endemic disorder. More conservative surgical procedures are frequently performed in early gastric cancer cases in these countries where sentinel lymph node navigation surgery is becoming a safe option for some patients. This study aims to evaluate preliminary outcomes of patients with early gastric cancer who underwent sentinel node navigation surgeries in Brazil, a country with non-endemic gastric cancer levels. Materials and Methods: From September 2008 to March 2014, 14 out of 205 gastric cancer patients underwent sentinel lymph node navigation surgeries, which were performed using intraoperative, endoscopic, and peritumoral injection of patent blue dye. Results: Antrectomies with Billroth I gastroduodenostomies were performed in seven patients with distal tumors. The other seven patients underwent wedge resections. Sentinel basin resections were performed in four patients, and lymphadenectomies were extended to stations 7, 8, and 9 in the other 10. Two patients received false-negative results from sentinel node biopsies, and one of those patients had micrometastasis. There was one postoperative death from liver failure in a cirrhotic patient. Another cirrhotic patient died after two years without recurrence of gastric cancer, also from liver failure. All other patients were followed-up for 13 to 79 months with no evidence of recurrence. Conclusions: Sentinel lymph node navigation surgery appears to be a safe procedure in a country with non-endemic levels of gastric cancer.