• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the correlation between Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression and Psychological tests by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Regression analysis.Methods: Two assessors carried out the evaluation using the instrument on pattern identification for depression. They also performed the following psychological tests: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI_Total), Self-disclosure Inventory, subjective well-being Inventory, Health perception Inventory, and Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). A total of 167 participants who got HAM-D score over 12 were targeted for the evaluation. Our research team carried out Pearson correlation coefficient analyses and regression analysis between pattern identification for depression and Psychological tests. We listed the results by descending order and interpreted the results.Results: Pearson correlation analysis revealed the following results: 1) Stagnation of Liver Gi was associated with BDI (0.60) and STAI (0.55); 2) Dual Deficiency of the Heart and Spleen was associated with BDI (0.60), ISI_Total (0.52), and STAI (0.42); 3) Relieving stagnation of Phlegm-Gi was associated with BDI (0.65), STAI (0.54), and Subjective well-being inventory (−0.52); 4) Gi-deficiency Mingled with sputum was associated with BDI (0.50), ISI_Total (0.40), and STAI (0.395); 5) Stagnant Gi transforming into fire was associated with BDI (0.56), STAI_TR (0.51), and Health perception Inventory (−0.458); 6) Yin-Deficiency with Effulgent Fire was associated with BDI (0.55), ISI_total (0.54), and STAI (0.41).Conclusions: Through correlation analysis between Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression and Psychological tests, we could suggest a System for Oriental Medical Diagnosis for Depression.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.280-293
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• 2004

Statement of problem. Glass fiber post is one of recent developments to accommodate esthetic restoration for endodontically treated teeth. This has many advantages over conventional post system in physical properties, esthetic factor, risk of root and restoration fracture, adhesion to core, radiopacity, removal and retrievabilty, biocompatibility and chemical stability. Purpose. This in vitro study was to evaluate the most suitable type of resin core for the glass fiber post through surveying the fracture modes and the maximum load that fractures the tooth. Material and methods. 50 sound maxillary premolars restored with glass fiber posts($ParaPost^{(R)}$ Fiber White) and different types of resin cores(ParaCore, $Z100^{TM}$, $Rebilda^{(R)}$ and $Admira^{(R)}$) were prepared and loaded to faiure in a universal test machine. The maximum fracture load and fracture mode were investigated in the specimens that were restored with resin and those of metal cast and core. With the data, Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to validate the significance between the test groups, and Tukey' s studentized range test was used to check if there is any significant statistical difference between each test group. Every analysis was approved with 95% reliance. Results. On measuring the maximum fracture load of teeth specimens, there was a significant difference between the maximum fracture loads of the tooth specimens. ParaCore showed the highest mean maximum fracture load followed by $Z100^{TM}$. And, the distribution of fracture mode of tooth specimens showed generally Type D, the three parted fracture of the core around the post was mostly seen(62.5%), and specifically, ParaCore showed 90% and $Z100^{TM}$ showed 100% Type D fracture. Conclusion. Referring to the values of maximum fracture load and mean compressive fracture load, ParaCore and $Z100^{TM}$ had high values and are recommended as tooth colored resin core material for glass fiber post. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS. This study was carried out intending to be of aid in selecting the appropriate resin core for the glass fiber post. The dual cure type composite resin ParaCore and light cure type composite resin $Z100^{TM}$ have good properties and are recommended as tooth colored resin core material for glass fiber post.

• 의료법학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.173-206
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• 2019

본 연구는 최근 일본의 임상연구 관련 규율의 특색을 검토한 것이다. 첫째, 우리나라와 같이 일본에서도 그 동안 연구부정에 대해서는 엄벌주의를 취하여 왔지만, 최근 일본에서는 연구윤리정책을 제재가 아닌 교육연수에 의한 연구공정성 확보로 방향을 전환하였다는 점과 2018년 4월부터 시행된 임상연구법은 임상연구에 관한 자금제공 정보의 공표를 의무화하여 임상연구에 따른 자금제공의 투명성을 높인 점 및 의학계 연구의 윤리심사의 집약화 및 피험자를 집중시켜 증례나 우수한 연구자를 모집하여 임상연구·치험을 집약화한 점, 둘째, 그 동안 역학연구에 관한 윤리지침(이하, 「역학지침」이라 함)과 임상연구에 관한 윤리지침(이하, 「임상지침」이라 함)으로 이원화되어 있었던 윤리지침을 인간을 대상으로 하는 의학계 연구에 관한 윤리지침(이하, 「통합지침」이라 함)으로 통합 정비하여 임상연구와 역학연구에 필요한 윤리지침의 중복과 흠결을 보완했다는 점 이외에도 피험자보호를 위한 리스크 평가제도를 둔 점 이외에도 평가의 선결문제인 「침습」 개념을 명확히 했다는 점에서 긍정적인 평가를 받고 있다. 임상연구관련 국제규범상의 공통적인 내용인 「위험과 이익의 평가 문제」는 연구자의 연구가 적절히 고안되었는지를 검사하는 수단이다. 이는 연구윤리위원회가 피험자에게 가해질 위험이 정당화될 수 있는지 여부를 결정하는 방법이며, 장래의 피험자가 임상시험의 참여여부를 결정하는 중요한 기준이 되기도 한다. 그러므로 피험자의 리스크 평가의 선결문제인 「침습」 개념을 명확히 정의한 것은 의미 있는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 특히 최근 일본의 임상시험에서의 연구부정방지 대책에 대한 인식의 전환, 연구심사 및 피험자의 집약화를 통환 연구의 효율성 제고, 피험자 보호를 위한 리스크 평가의 전제가 되는 「침습」 개념의 명확화와 범위의 확장 등에 관한 논점을 중심으로 검토한 것이다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.85-104
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• 1997

As the concern about health is increased, the importance of preventive medicine that prevent disease in advance to overcome boundary of disease remedy gets emphasized in the whole world. The fundamental thoughts of oriental medicine are the harmony between the human body and nature, the unified idea regarding mind in the same light with body, and the symmetry of the cosmo dual forces. And oriental medicine is a kind of study that has developed on the ground of prevention thought. from old days, it has been developed the preventive medicine at is called 'Yangseng(養生; recuperation)' etc. with the clinical medicine. The preventive medicine of oriental medicine was taking a serious of the first preventive medicine of an incurable disease thought and the prevention thought that belongs to the second and third preventive medicine is described through the whole oriental medicine. Also the clinical and preventive medicine to apply to the clinics have an in- separable relation. Therefore I inspected the part of the preventive medicine described in some oriental medicine books and studied the characteristics of preventive medicine of oriental medicine as follows; First, the preventive medicine of oriental medicine has the characteristics that is emphasized generally in the first preventive medicine and wholly it is composed in the system of the first, second and third preventive medicine. It has the presentative theory such as 'Jungkijonae sabulkaghan(正氣存內 邪不可干; If good energy is in body, a disease. dosen't occur)', 'Husajukpung Phijeyushi(虛邪賊風 避之有時; When e infectious disease like plague break out, they must avoid the place occurring the disease)', 'Chuninsangeung(天人相應; The harmony of nature and human)' etc.. This is intimately related to the incurable disease thought of the inside diameter and oriental medicine has pursued that. Second, due to the most prerequisite theory of disease production, the balanced condition of environment, the cause of a disease and host is called the health. As oriental medicine has the system of aetiology like that, we can see the host and environments are importance most of all. Namely we can think of the relation of host >> environment > the cause a disease Up to date Jungkijonae Sabulkaghan(正氣存內 邪不可干) that the most oriental medicine doctors have had a knowledge is not whole theory but a pan of oriental medicine science and it is included in oriental medicine theory to avoid infectious disease such as Husajukpung Phijeyushi(虛邪賊風 避之有時). Third, according to the natural result of the first and second contents, we can know that its characteristics stress the remedy without drugs. Because Jungkijonae Sabulkaghan(正氣存內 邪不可干), Husasukpung Phijeyushi(虛邪賊風 避之有時), and Chuninsangeung(天人相應) mean that they prevent disease in condition of freedom from ailment, We can prevent the disease production through the positive preventive methods such as exercise, spirit, food and innate prevention etc.. fourth, the preventive medicine of oriental medicine has developed with therapeutics and it contains all oriental medical methods such as host, environment, exercise, acupuncture and moxibustion, innate or postnatal methods. Also it is the general preventive medicine that has fundamental philosophy of oriental medicine; for examples, the unified idea, the harmony of nature and human, and the unity of mind and body. fifth, to develope the above scientific merit and special features, the preventive medicine of Oriental medicine must be objectified and reemergent stud? gets more and more essential from now on. Especially we need to have the scientific concern of Oriental medicine about the cause of a disease, environmental hygiene, industrial sanitation, and personal hygiene etc..

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제4권호
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• pp.5-29
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• 1995

Occupational health services in Korea have been operated as dual types : one is operated by occupational health care manager and the other is health care agency without their own personnel. The performance of occupational health service should be different due to the variety of characteristics of health care manager and workplace, qualification of health care manager. This study is to analyze performance of occupational health care services with a particular consideration of job performance shape and efficiency, based on comparing those two types of health care management to show on the basic data for the settlement of more qualitative health care management system at workplace. For this study, total 391 places in Seoul and Inchon city area ; 154 places (39.4%) managed by designated health care manager and 237 places (60.6%) by the agency with their commission are selected as research samples. Tools for data collection are questionnares that have been investigated during the period of 20 September 1993-20 December 1993. Those data are compared with percentiles, mean, standard deviation and B/C ratio using SPSS PC program. Conclusions observed from the tests and each comparison could be summerized as follows : 1. Occupational health care have been accomplished at workplaces with designated people than with agencies people, and coverage rate of the occupational health care services has differences, due to management types. The reason of these results is due to visit only one or two times monthly by the agencies, while their own health care manager obsess, at the workplaces all the times. 2. Most of the expense for environmental control of all health care services expenditures shows that there is almost no fundamental improvement because more expenses are needed for procuring personal protective equipment and measuring work environment instead of environmental improvement. 3. It is investigated how much the cost of occupational health care services needs per worker, and calculated how much the cost needs per service hour per worker. The results from this show that the cost of occupational health services at workplaces with their own managers used less than the cost of health care agencies, eventually the former gives better services with less cost than the latter. 4. Benefit/Cost ratio is also produced by total benefit/total cost. The result from the above way reads 4.57 as a whole, while their own manager having workplaces reads 4.82 and the agencies do l.56. Even if their own manager performing workplaces spent more cost, this system produces more benefit than the agencies management. 5. The B/C ratio for medical organization such as local clinic, health care center and pharmacy shows more than or equal to at the workplaces controlled by the agencies. It is inferred that benefit would be much less than the cost used, with so being inefficient. 6. It is assumed that the efficiency ratio of health education is equal to reduction rate of workers medical organization visit. Estimated reduction rate 5%, 10%, 15%, show that the efficiency ratio of health education have an effect on producing benefits. It is estimated that more benefit can be produced if more qualitative education will be provided for enhancing health care efficiency. 7. Results of this study cannot be generalized because there are large scale of deviation in case of workplaces with less than 300 full time workers, but B/C ratio reads 2.69 as a whole and 3.25 at workplaces with their own health care manager are higher than 1.63 at the workplaces manged by the agencies. Finally, all the benefit concerning health care services could not be quantified, measured and shown on the value of money. This is a reason that a considerable part of benefits are so underestimated. This is also thought that measurement tools should be developed for measuring benefits of health care services with a comprehensive quantification. in the future. It is also expected that efficiency of occupational health care services should be investigated using cost-effectiveness analysis.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 두 개의 치료빔 가속기가 사용되는 구조에서 종양 위치 추적을 하는 두 쌍의 kV 영상시스템의 기하학적 설계 및 종양 위치 추적 정확도 분석을 목표로 하고 있다. 특히, 병변의 위치추적을 위한 수식 및 알고리즘을 수립하였고, 두 쌍의 kV 영상 시스템이 비직교 위치에 놓일 때 검출기 해상도가 종양 위치 추적 오차에 미치는 영향에 대해서 모의실험으로 분석하여 보았다. 병변의 위치추적을 위한 수식 및 알고리즘을 수립하기 위해서 각 엑스선원, 검출기 등의 절대좌표는 동차방정식을 이용하여 설정하였으며, 삼차원 상의 두 직선의 방정식을 통하여 병변의 절대위치를 찾아내도록 하였다. XCAT 프로그램을 이용한 모의실험을 통해서 영상 검출기의 해상도가 미치는 영향을 두 개의 kV 영상시스템의 각도에 따라서 분석하여보았다. XCAT 소프트웨어를 이용하여서 팬텀에 병변 추적을 위한 금속 기점 마커를 삽입하였고, CT projection 프로그램을 이용하여 각 kV 영상시스템의 각도별, 검출기의 해상도별 영상을 획득할 수 있다. 모의실험 결과, 두 kV영상시스템의 각도가 $90^{\circ}$에서 $50^{\circ}$까지는 검출기 해상도가 1.5 mm/pixel보다 고해상도 일 때 약 1 mm 이하의 위치 오차를 보였다. 하지만, 검출기의 해상도가 1.5 mm/pixel 이상으로 나빠질수록 오차가 약 1 mm 이상으로 나타날 뿐만 아니라 각도에 따른 오차의 변동이 컸다. 검출기의 해상도가 개선될 수록 그 각도별 오차의 변동이 줄어들고, $90^{\circ}$에서 가장 적은 오차가 발생 하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 충분한 해상도의 검출기가 사용된다면 듀얼헤드 겐트리 시스템과 같이 공간적으로 제한된 방사선 치료기기에 두 개의 kV 영상시스템을 예각으로 설치하여도 된다는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 모의실험 방법론은 병변의 위치, 검출기의 특성, kV 영상 시스템의 기하학적 배치에 따른 종양추적 위치 추적시스템의 정확도를 분석하는 도구로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2004

목적 : 인체의 심근 및 간조직의 생체내 $^{31}P$ MRS에서 NOE 효과에 의한 분광신호 세기의 증가를 평가하고자 하였으며 또한 동일 장기에서 대사물질에 따른 NOE 효과의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 열명의 정상 성인군(남:여=8:2, 연령분포=24-32)을 대상으로 1.5T 자기공명영상/분광 장치에서 $^1H-^{31}P$ 이중 튜닝 표면 코일을 사용하여 생체내 $^{31}P$ MRS를 시행하였다. $^{31}P$ MRS 측정은 이차원 화학변위영상기법을 사용하였으며 동일한 파라미터에서 NOE 효과 없이 그리고 $^1H$ decoupling상태에서 NOE 효과에 의한 $^{31}P$ MRS 데이터를 획득하였다. $^{31}P$ MRS raw data의 postprocessing 후 얻어진 스펙트럼에서 주요 대사물질들의 신호증가를 비교하였다. 결과: 간조직의 $^{31}P$ HRS에서 NOE 효과에 의한 신호증가율은 $\alpha-ATP\;(7\%),\;\beta-ATP\;(9\%),\;\gamma-ATP\;(17\%),\;Pi\;(1\%),\;PDE\;(19\%),\;PME\;(31\%)$였다. 간조직의 경우 크리아틴 키나제가 없기 때문에 PCr 신호는 관찰되지 않았다. 심근의 $^{31}P$ MRS은 whole body 코일이 표면 코일보다 우수한 scout 영상을 제공하여 $^{31}P$ MRS의 localization에 유리하였다. $^{31}P$ 심근 다중 체적 스펙트럼에서 , 혈액의 DPG 신호는 심근으로부터 멀어질 수록 증가하는 양상을 나타내었고 NOE 효과에 의한 신호증가율은 $\alpha-ATP\;(12\%),\;\beta-ATP\;(19\%),\;\gamma-ATP\;(30\%),\;PCr\;(34\%),\;Pi\;(20\%),\;PDE\;(51\%),\;DPG\;(72\%)$ 였다. 결론: 간조직에 비해 심근의 경우 큰 신호증가를 보였고 이는 간조직 대사물질들의 $^{31}P$가 심근과는 다른 $^1H$ coupling을 나타냄을 의미한다고 해석할 수 있다.