• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2012

When two speakers read a text together, the produced speech has been shown to reduce a high degree of variability (e.g., pause duration and placement, and speech rate). This paper provides a quantitative analysis of speech rate variation exhibited in synchronous speech by examining the global and local patterns in two dialects of Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan and Shanghai). We analyzed the speech data in terms of mean speech rate and the reference of "Just Noticeable difference (JND)" within a subject and across subjects. Our findings show that speakers show lower and less variable speech rates when they read a text synchronously than when they read alone. This global pattern is observed consistently across speakers and dialects maintaining the unique local variation patterns of speech rate for each dialect. We conclude that paired speakers lower their speech rates and decrease the variability in order to ensure the synchrony of their speech.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.31_32
• /
• pp.83-95
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to study deletion of the Arabic glottal stop /'/ in Literary Arabic(LA) and Cairene Arabic(CA). Arabic has a diglossia structure - Literary and Colloquial Arabic. The former is the standard and written language, while the latter is the oral language used in dialects of many areas. Of the various Colloquial Arabic dialects the Cairene Arabic is the most influential and powerful dialect, hence it was chosen as the subject study. In this paper the followings are found: (1) The deletion of the Arabic glottal stop /'/ in CA is found much more frequently than that in LA (2) In a word the deletion is found more frequently in the middle position than in the initial or final position, in which /'/ is sometimes converted weak consonants /w/ or /y/.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2021.10a
• /
• pp.490-495
• /
• 2021

표준어와 방언사이에는 위계가 존재하지 않고 열등하지 않다는 사상을 기반으로 방언을 보존하기 위한 다양한 노력들이 이루어지고있다. 또한 동일한 국가내에서 표준어와 방언간의 의사소통이 잘 이루어져야한다. 본 논문은 방언 연구보존과 의사소통의 중요성을 바탕으로 한국어 방언 기계번역 연구를 진행하였다. 대표적인 방언 중 하나인 제주어와 더불어 강원어, 경상어, 전라어, 충청어 기반의 기계번역 연구를 진행하였다. 공개된 AI Hub 데이터를 바탕으로 Transformer기반 copy mechanism을 적용하여 방언 기계번역의 성능을 높이는 모델링 연구를 진행하였으며 모델배포의 효율성을 위하여 Many-to-one기반 universal한 방언 기계번역기를 개발하였고 이를 one-to-one 모델과의 성능비교를 진행하였다. 실험결과 copy mechanism이 방언 기계번역 모델에 매우 효과적인 요소임을 알 수 있었다.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.927-937
• /
• 2018

In this paper the comparative study of the consonants of Pyongyang and Seoul dialects of Korean is performed from the perspective of the signal processing which can be regarded as the basis of engineering applications. Until today, the most of speech signal studies were primarily focused on the vowels which are playing important role in the language evolution. In any language, however, the number of consonants is greater than the number of vowels. Therefore, the research of consonants is also important. In this paper, with the vowel study of the Pyongyang dialect, which was conducted by phonological research and experimental phonetic methods, the consonant studies are processed based on an engineering operation. The alveolar consonant, which has demonstrated many differences in the phonetic value between Pyongyang and Seoul dialects, was used as the experimental data. The major parameters of the speech signal analysis - formant frequency, pitch, spectrogram - are measured. The phonetic values between the two dialects were compared with respect to /시/ and /씨/ of Korean language. This study can be used as the basis for the voice recognition and the voice synthesis in the future.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2021

The present thesis is a study about a character actor's characterization from the concept of 'star persona'. Conducted in 2020, this is a follow-up study about a personality actor's characterization. Lee Sung-min was selected due to his wide acting spectrum among domestic actors and his brilliant expression of differing characters as a character actor. The study discusses characterization methods for character actors on the basis of his role of high-ranking North Korean bureaucrat 'Ri Myung-un' in the film 'The Spy Gone North'. Stanislavski claimed that character building or characterization was the pinnacle of the acting art. However, such an expression of personality requires hard work and devotion from an actor. The actor Lee Sung-min practiced the North Korean dialect in order to act the role, and added the way the elite speak in North Korea to this dialect. He achieves a style of acting that raises tensions within the drama by spitting out lines in one breath and by making the audience fixate their gaze within character solo shots for which the character's emotions and lines serve as the core, with the purpose of maximizing dramatic tension and situational reality. Continuity and angle also serve extremely important roles in terms of expressing a character's personality development, affect, and emotions. The present thesis discussed the character development methods for a character actor's role of 'Ri Myung-un' in the film 'The Spy Gone North'.

• Journal of Korean language education
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.257-282
• /
• 2012

Sakhalin, Russia is a very specific area for Korean language education. The imposed separation and isolation in this region means the language in Sakhalin is mixed with South Korean, North Korean, Gyeongsang Province dialect, Japanese, and Russian. Scrutiny of the use of the actual language of Sakhalin Koreans is needed, and it is required in supporting Korean language education. In this study, I will cover: 1. Approach should differ depending on the situation of Korean, foreigners, Korean Language School(Hangeul Hakgyo) and Korean classes in local Schools. 2. Tailor-made textbooks for Sakhalin are required. 3. Korean textbooks to match local circumstances are needed. There should be a basic writing text written by a local Korean department professor and supervision or modification, supplements from Korean language education researchers in Korea. 4. Enlarged Korean training programs are needed. Furthermore, if Korean and Russian university students are to study in Korea, there should be programs offering a dual degree among other things. 5. Methodical, overall examination of overseas Korean regions like Sakhalin is necessary. Also in the case of far east Russia, connectivity between Vladivostok, Khabarovsk and Sakhalin needs to be strengthened.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 2013

This study investigates dialectal differences in the acoustic properties of Korean lenis, aspirated, and tense stops Seoul Korean (standard Korean) and Yanbian Korean (spoken in the largest Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China). This production study the main acoustic cues that each dialect uses to mark the laryngeal distinction between the three types of Korean stops. Measurements included VOT, and the initial F0 of the following vowel. Data collected from 10 young Seoul Korean speakers, 10 young Yanbian Korean speakers, and 6 older Yanbian speakers. two key findings: First, aspirated and lenis stops are mainly differentiated by F0 in Seoul Korean, and by $H1^*-H2^*$ in Yanbian Korean. Second, there is no VOT merger between lenis and aspirated stops in Yanbian Korean, whereas there is in Seoul Korean. These results are discussed in terms of the phenomenon of VOT shift and the function of F0t is argued that the function of F0 to substitute for VOT difference as a primary cue for the coding of laryngeal contrast can be predicted by the pitch accent system of the language involved.

• Korean Linguistics
• /
• v.72
• /
• pp.257-282
• /
• 2016

The aim of this paper is to research phonological and morphological features in Korean Voices from Berlin. The Korean Voices from Berlin was recorded in 1917 at Berlin by 5 Korean prisoners engaged in World War I, some of them came from North Hamgyeong Province, the others came from Pyeongan Province, therefore these data show a North Korean regional dialect. The data are composed of three materials, counting numbers, reciting scriptures and singing folksongs. The results of this research are as follows. 1) The consonant system of Korean voices is similar to standard Korean. The 19 consonants are classified according to 5 manners of articulations and 5 points of articulations. 2) The liquid /l/ has three allophones, [ɾ] appeared in an onset position, [l] in a word medial coda position or preceded by [l], [ɹ] in a word final coda position. 3) The vowel system of Korean voices is similar to early 20th Korean's. It has 8 monophthongs, /a, ʌ, o, u, ɯ, i, e, ${\varepsilon}$/. 4) The 1 to 10 numbers in Korean voices are similar to Middle-Korean numerals. 5) The genitive particle '/ɯi/의' is pronounced [i], [ɯ], [${\varepsilon}$], especially [ɯ] is appeared in Sino Korean. 6) The /l/-deletion of conjugations are similar to Middle-Korean, /l/ deletion always occurred, if [+cor] consonants are followed.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.6
• /
• pp.241-263
• /
• 2004

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the Korean language used as a major communication means within the Korean community in Chenguoz District of Harbin, Heirungjiang Province, China, in terms of its phonology, morphology and syntax. The study focuses on how a variety of languages and dialects including Chinese, the Standard Chinese Korean adopted as a means of teaching in Korean schools, and Kyongsang Dialect of Korean have influenced the language of the community It also deals as background information with the history of the community, the attitude of the community members toward Korean and Chinese, and their proficiencies of Korean and Chinese, to obtain the general picture of the bilingualism of this community This specific region was studied since this region and most of the Korean communities in the Heirungjiang province were formed by descendents of the immigrants from the southern provinces of the Korean Peninsula, which allows the comparison between the language used today and the language their ancestors used before moving to this area. Due to the industrialization and innovation brought about by the opening of the Chinese society, the fast outward flow of youths to urban areas, and greater assimilation threats from the embedding Chinese culture, we are not too sure if the Korean language will continue to be used in the future. Given these circumstances, we consider this research most opportune in that it provides a look into the Korean community that developed its distinctive culture and tanguage within an isolated cultural environment.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.6
• /
• pp.265-291
• /
• 2004

The main purpose of this paper Is to analyze the characteristics of the Korean language used as a major communication means within the Korean community in Chenguoz District of Harbin, Heirungjiang Province, China, in terms of its phonology, morphology and syntax. The study focuses on how a variety of languages and dialects including Chinese, the Standard Chinese Korean adopted as a means of teaching in Korean schools, and Kyongsang Dialect of Korean have influenced the language of the community. It also deals as background information with the history of the community, the attitude of the community members toward Korean and Chinese, and their proficiencies of Korean and Chinese, to obtain the general picture of the bilingualism of this community. This specific region was studied since this region and most of the Korean communities in the Heirungjiang province were formed by descendents of the immigrants from the southern provinces of the Korean Peninsula, which allows the comparison between the language used today and the language their ancestors used before moving to this area. Due to the industrialization and innovation brought about by the opening of the Chinese society, the fast outward flow of youths to urban areas, and greater assimilation threats from the embedding Chinese culture, we are not too sure if the Korean language will continue to be used in the future. Given these circumstances, we consider this research most opportune in that it provides a look into the Korean community that developed its distinctive culture and language within an isolated cultural environment.