• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2023

Recently, as deep learning technology has developed, various deep learning technologies have been introduced in handwritten recognition, greatly contributing to performance improvement. The recognition accuracy of handwritten Hangeul recognition has also improved significantly, but prior research has focused on recognizing 520 Hangul characters or 2,350 Hangul characters using SERI95 data or PE92 data. In the past, most of the expressions were possible with 2,350 Hangul characters, but as globalization progresses and information and communication technology develops, there are many cases where various foreign words need to be expressed in Hangul. In this paper, we propose a model that recognizes and combines the consonants, medial vowels, and final consonants of a Korean syllable using a multi-label classification model, and achieves a high recognition accuracy of 98.38% as a result of learning with the public data of Korean handwritten characters, PE92. In addition, this model learned only 2,350 Hangul characters, but can recognize the characters which is not included in the 2,350 Hangul characters

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 1983

To obtain basic information on the Korean local com lines a total of 57 lines were selected from 1,000 Korean local collection at Chungnam National University, and classified by principal component analysis, and genetic nature was investigated. There were a great variation in mean values of plant characters of the lines. The mean values of plant characters except for density of kernels varied with types of crossing. All characters except for tasselling dates were reduced in magnitude when selfed, while those characters were increased when topcrossed. The inbreeding depression varied with plant characters and lines. The characters such as yield, kernel weight per ear, ear weight and plant height showed great degree of inbreeding depression. Group I showed high inbreeding depression in such characters as 100 kernel weight, leaf number, plant height and days to tasselling, while group II showed high inbreeding depression in other plant characters. Heterosis of plant characters varied also with lines. The ear weight, kernel weight per ear, yield, 100 kernel weight, and plant height were some of the plant characters showing high heterosis. Group II showed high values of heterosis in such characters as ear length, ear diameter, ear weight, kernel weight per ear, 100 kernel weight and leaf length, while group I was high in heterosis in other plant characters. The degree of homozygosity was highest in ear weight (79.1%) and lowest in ear number per plant (-2.1%). Group II showed higher degree of homozygosity than group I. Correlation coefficients between characters of sibbed and topcrossed lines were positive for all characters. Highly significant correlation coefficients between sibbed and topcrossed lines were obtained especially for characters such as ear number per plant, plant height, leaf length and yield per plot.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.7
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• pp.31-56
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• 2005

In most Asian areas Chinese writing and characters had been used as a unique recording device. The way to account for the circumstance related with the writing system could be twofold. Firstly the races inhabited around Sino-territory actually neither used the type of languages as Chinese - not isolating type but agglutinative one - nor established any independent writing letters. Secondly those people who belonged to the races accepted the writing system of China due to the frequent cultural and economical interchange between them and Chinese people. In Korean peninsula the same situation of linguistic phenomenon had been pervasive. The aborigine of the territory who acquired to use Chinese writing applied their knowledge of the second language to record the facts related with the management of the country. But the grammatical structure of Chines writing and native language showed the remarkable contrast; so, the people of the peninsula managed the specific letter system - in other words, the discrepancy between language and writing. This difference carried on the huge influence on the way of using Chinese writing and characters in Korea. Some scholars of historical linguistics of Korean language considered the alternation of Chinese writing system and characters as "the procedure of nativization" - in which the inflow of characters into Korean and the same one continuously used in China illustrated the large gap of the phonological aspects. The method of reading Chinese characters came to be named as Sino-Korean Pronunciation. In the categorization of Chinese characters' pronunciation Sino-Korean Pronunciation was also categorized as the Eastern Pronunciation(東音). It indicates the sound of Chinese characters which has been historically adapted to the phonological system of Korean language. In this paper the main point is to survey the procedure of reception of Chinese writing and characters and that of establishment and alternation of Korean phonetic feature of Chinese writing and characters.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.29B no.2
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• pp.50-59
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• 1992

In the most studies of Korean character recognition so far, they first classify the characters to 6 types according to their structures and then recognize the characters by identifying their basic components named $'$jaso.$'$ In the study, we propose a method which recognizes the characters without using structure types and is applied to reading documents containing both Korean and Chinese characters. We first classify Korean and Chinese characters by using a modified SOFM model. Then we recognize the characters in each class by using an APC neural network which has the advantage of fast leaning speed and the capablity of additive learning. An experimental result demonstrated the usefulness of the approach with the recognition rate of $\%.$\%.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2016

The main characters play leading roles in novels. In the previous studies, they recognize the main characters in a novel mainly based on dictionaries that built beforehand. In English, names begin with upper cases and are used with some words. In this paper, we propose a recognition method for main characters name in Korean novels by using predicates, rules and weights. We first recognize candidates for the characters name by predicates and propose some rules to exclude candidates that cannot be characters. We assign importances for candidates, considering weights that given by the number of candidates appeared in a sentence. Finally, if the importance of the character is more than a threshold, we decide that the character is one of main characters. The results from the experiments for 300 novels show that an average accuracy is 85.97%. The main characters name may be used to grasp relationships among characters, character's action and tendency.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.147-158
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• 2011

There has been a need for an operational curriculum for teaching Chinese characters used by traditional Korean medicine (TKM), but the it was not thoroughly reviewed so far. We analysed the frequency of unicode Chinese characters with five textbooks of traditional Korean medicine used as a national standard. We found that 氣, 經, 陽, 陰, 不, 熱, 血, 脈, 病, 證, 寒, 中, 心, 痛, 虛, 大, 生, 治, 本, 之 are the 20 most frequently used Chinese characters, and also showed 100 frequently used characters for each textbook. We used a cumulative frequency analysis method to suggest a list of 1,000 prerequisite Chinese characters for the TKM education (TKM 1000). which represents the current usage of Chinese characters in TKM and covers 99% of all textbook use if combined with MEST 1800. This study showed prerequisite and essential Chinese characters for the implementation of evidence-based teaching in TKM. The TKM 1000, a prerequisite characters by this study based on the TKM textbooks can be used for the development of Korean Medicine Education Eligibility Test (KEET), entrance exam to the Colleges of Oriental Medicine or textbooks, and educational curriculum for premed students.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.1652-1663
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• 1997

This paper proposes a distinction algorithm of Korean and English characters which can be applied to multi-font from the results of thinning. The proposed algorithm distinguishes Korean and English characters as the number of connected components. If it can not distinguish those characters with the number of connected component, it distinguishes them as the vowel included in Korean characters. In experimental results, the distinction rate is about 99.82% for the 21,150 characters of three widely used fonts.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1718-1727
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• 2009

Traditional character recognition systems usually aim at characters with simple variation. With the development of multimedia technology, printed characters may appear more diversely. Existing recognition technologies can't deal with Hangul recognition effectively in diverse environments. This paper presents a recognition system for multi-form Korean characters called RSMFK, which is based on the model of Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM). Our system can effectively recognize the printed Korean characters of different fonts, scales, rotation, noise and background. HTM is a model which simulates the neocortex of human brain to recognize and memorize intelligently. Experimental results show that RSMFK performs a good recognition rate of 97.8% on average, which is proved to be obviously improved over the conventional methods.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1578-1585
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• 2015

This study aimed to develop and propose a Korean character group with the story of Shim Cheong applied as a motif. By borrowing the four stories (a dream of the birth of a child, filial behavior, regeneration and eyesight-gaining) presented in the story of Shim Cheong which has been passed on orally, the study designed the Korean character group and set up types of characters' roles to visualize these other characters seen in the content such as Shim Cheong the heroine, goblins, a baby dragon, Mr. Shim the blind and others. As a next step, the study applied the types to the seven essential types of Vogler's original characters. A process of how to visualize the group of those characters appearing in the story including Shim Cheong the heroine was offered. In particular, the study concentrates on figuring out how to expand and develop the Shim Cheong character to be this image of one of the most popular Korean princess characters. What this study had discussed will contribute to the field of character production when they try to commercialize characters and develop Korean characters with unique Korean features included.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find the pronunciations suitable for the meanings of Chinese characters because the pronunciations of Chinese characters with multi-pronunciations in the "Huangdineijing" are written differently in Chinese character dictionaries(字典) and in Korean Medical dictionaries(韓醫學辭典) respectively. Methods : First, the annotations for pronunciations in the "Leijing" were searched, upon which the frequently mispronounced 16 Chinese characters in the "Huangdineijing" were selected. Then these selected Chinese characters were compared and considered with reference to Chinese character dictionaries(published in China and Korea), and Korean Medical dictionaries. Results & Conclusions : It was discovered that in "Leijing" there were 1,537 annotations that used 'FanQie(反切)', 'Pronunciation(音)', 'Replaceable character(通用)', 'Same character (同字)', 'Four intonations(四聲)' etc. In some places, there were additional meanings of the Chinese characters. It was found that 16 Chinese characters were susceptible to wrong pronunciations in the "Huangdineijing", for which the appropriate pronunciations in regards to the meaning of the sentences were determined.