• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1385-1395
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• 2014

Economic traits of livestock are affected by environmental factors and genetic factors. In addition, it is not affected by one gene, but is affected by interaction of genes. We used a linear regression model in order to adjust environmental factors. And, in order to identify gene-gene interaction effect, we applied data mining techniques such as neural network, logistic regression, CART and C5.0 using five-SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) of FASN (fatty acid synthase). We divided total data into training (60%) and testing (40%) data, and applied the model which was designed by training data to testing data. By the comparison of prediction accuracy, C5.0 was identified as the best model. It were selected superior genotype using the decision tree.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1997

The 37,000 holstein which had been raised in Jeju island were examined for the purpose of brucellosis detection and so on. We investigated the relationship between the farms showing positive outbreak and the number of examination, incubation period, and the outbreak rate of positive cattle. We endeavored to separate germs from brucellosis positive cattles blood and negative bulls semen against brucellosis serum test and concluded as follows. We intend to offer you institutional supplements and preventions of brucellosis for the future. 1. Outbreak of brucellosis could not lead the outbreak rate of positive cattle to decrease through 1-2 examination per year, For the past 4 years, the outbreak rate of brucellosis positive cattle had a tendency to show a gradual decrease through at least 5 examinations per year. 2. As we examined live-in cattle with positive cattle in mass outbreak farms for 9 months, we found out positive cattle every month. In a grazing land, the group of cattle producd enormous positive cattle in 9-12 months. 3. Annual brucellosis positive outbreak rate was 20-25% among live-in cattle with brucellosis positive cattle, but the rate might be 50-100% depending on extent of pollution. 4. 94's brucellosis examination showed that 200 positive cattle of 71,153 cattle and most of them were live-in cattle with confirmed brucellosis positive cattle. 5. 1 head of 200 positive cattle showed positivity against serum of bulls test and the rate of bulls was about 1%. 6. Brucellosis germ was separated from 2 cattle's semen among 52 negative bulls against brucellosis serum test and there was the one brucellosis positive cattle against tube agglutination of semen test, so the positive rate of brucellosis was 5.8%. 7. Brucellosis germ was not separated from 15 brucellosis positive cattle's blood.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1269-1269
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• 2001

The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is one of the more important problems that have affected the economy of european cattles and the Public Safety. Their transmission is mainly through digestive system, and the compound feeds made with animal proteins are one source of infection for healthy cows. Nowadays the official method for meat and bone meal (MBM) detection in compound feeds is a microscopy technique. However, this methodology is subjective, and that alter the fact to make one exhaustive quantitative analysis and one differentiation between mammalian and poultry bones. In addition, the separation of the differents fractions in a sample by density before the analysis, requires the use of organochlorates products as $CCl_4$, which produce serious damages in the atmosphere ozone content. NIR methodology is another possible way to confirm and identifying animal ingredients in compound feeds, Its capabilities for quantitative and qualitative analysis of foods and feeds has been enought demonstrated. The objective of this work was to use NIR as a tool to make an qualitative and quantitative analysis and a prediction of the meat and bone meal presence in compound feeds from North Spain cattle farms. Using a global population of compound feeds, on make three different groups depending of MBM percentage presence (0, 0-100, 100), to build and validate one calibration equation to determine MBM content and make one discriminant analysis between these three groups. The preliminary dates obtained with another differents samples of known composition showed promising results.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-96
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• 1965

Observations were made on the blood picture of total 196 heads of healthy Korean cattles, including 98 males and 98 females in the purpose of determination of hematological values and its sex difference, and seasonal variations during one year period from December 1963 to November 1964. The blood sampling were scheduled by random in four different seasons and the sample size of both sex included in each season were designated to be same size. The ranges, averages or mean values of the erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total white blood cell count and differential count were determined in this studies and their respective standard deviation, standard error of means, sex defferences and seasonal variations were as follows; 1. The erythrocyte count of male showed a range of $5.0{\times}10^6/c.mm$ to $8.75{\times}10^6/c.mm$ with a mean of $6.5{\pm}0.096{\times}10^6/c.mm$. Female showed a range of $5.0{\times}10^6/c.mm$ to $8.30{\times}10^6/c.mm$, with a mean of 6. $131{\pm}0.078{\times}10^6/c.mm$. There was a highly significant sex difference and seasomal variation was not found to be significant. 2. The hemoglobin value of male showed a range of 9.0g/100cc. to 14.5g/100cc. with a mean of $11.074{\pm}0.143g/100cc$. Female showed a range of 9.0g/100cc to 13.0g/100cc. with a mean of $10.745{\pm}0.034g/100cc$. There was a highly significant sex difference and seasonal variation was not found to be significant. 3. The hematocrit value of male showed a range of 28% to 45% and with a mean of $34.867{\pm}0.468%$. Female showed a range of 28% to 42% with a mean of $32.888{\pm}0.322%$. There was a highly significant sex difference and seasonal variation was not found to be significant. 4. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin of male showed a range of 14.4rr. to 19.6rr. with a mean of $17.1{\pm}0.112rr$. Female showed a range of 14.7rr. to 19.5rr. with a mean of $17.6{\pm}0.113rr$. 5. The mean corpusular volume of male showed a range of $42.5{\mu}^3$ to $62.2{\mu}^3$ with a mean of $53.9{\pm}0.419{\mu}^3$, Female showed a range of $44.2{\mu}^3$ to $60.0{\mu}^3$ with a mean of $53.8{\pm}0.375{\mu}^3$. 6. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of male showed a range of 28.1 % to 34.9% with a mean of $31.4{\pm}0.161%$. Female showed a range of 28.0% to 34.9% with a mean of $30.9{\pm}0.169%$. 7. The total leucocyte count of male showed a range of 4,000/c.mm to 13,100/c.mm. with a mean of $9,338{\pm}218.23/c.mm$. Female showed a range of 4,000/c.mm. to 14,000/c.mm. with a mean of $9,338{\pm}235.90/c.mm$. Six difference was not found to be significant and there was a highly significant seasonal variation. 8. The differential count of male, the means of neutrophil, stab, segmented cell, Iymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil were $31.173{\pm}0.570%$, 0.3%. $30.867{\pm}0.564%$, $55.112{\pm}0.603%$, $3.745{\pm}0.082%$, $9.867{\pm}0.422%$ and 0.14% rspectively. Female showed means of $31.010{\pm}0.572%$, 0.2%, $30.806{\pm}0.569%$, $53.929{\pm}0.634%$, $4.082{\pm}0.109%$, $10.908{\pm}0.503%$ and 0.12% respectively. There were significant sex differences in monocyte and highly significant sex difference in eosinophil, and seasonal variation were found to be highly significant in neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil. 9. Hematological comparison made between cattles infested with so called "small type piroplasma" and non-infested group. The result of investigation showed no significant difference upon the red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit values between lighty infested group and non-infested group. 10. Age distribution of test group in this study ranged from 2 years to 6 years in both sex and their average age were $4.45{\pm}0.114$(male) and $4.50{\pm}0.116$(female). There found to be no significant sex difference and seasonal variations in the age of test group.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 1986

Recipients are an integral part of embryo transfer and they are expensive to maintain as a good recipient. Recipient management is one of the most important components in a successful embryo transfer program. Management includes selection and subsequent care of the animals. A good recipient is basically on "open" cows or heffers whose reproductive tract is capable of receiving one or two embryos and incubating it to term. Potential recipients should be always be healthy and cycling normally ranging from 18 to 23 days. A thorough veterinary examination is recommended for candidate of recipients and cattle for questionable health should be eliminated from the recipient herd. Age and size of recipients are particularly important considerations when heifers are used, because of most embryos available for transfer are from large dams and sires. Body condition can influence a recipient's production, reproduction and health. Obese and underconditioned cattle should be avoided for use. Transfer of fresh embryos especially requires precise synchronization of donors and recipients. For estrus synchronization, PGF$_2$$\alpha$ is injected twice 10 to 12 days apart and short4erm progestagen treatment is applied to potential recipient cattle by coil into vagina (PRID) or ear implant (Synchro-Mate-B). The highest pregnancy results are achieved in recipients at exact synchrony with donors or 12 to 24 hr earlier than donors. Estrus detection is a major factor in breeding efficiency. High accuracy can be achieved by use of heat mount detection alds or by obserbing cattle for 30-minute peroids 3 times daily. Assay progesterone in milk can be used to discrIminate between pregnant and nonprenant recipients. Rectal palpation on day 35 to 70 after is an accurate and safe method of pregnancy diagnosis. Embryonic mortality in recipients may be associated with factors such as high environmental temperature and nutritional or lactational stress in early lactation period. Achievement of short calving interval requires concentrated management activity during the first 90 days following calving. Acceptable candidate for a recipient should be routinely vaccinated for infectious diseases. Proper nutritional programs according to NRC requirements and body condition scoring system for recipient cattles are vital to the ultimate success of an embryo transfer program.r program.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.563-577
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• 2020

This study assessed breed differences in fatty acid composition and meat quality of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and semitendinosus (SE) of Angus×Chinese Simmental (AS), Wagyu×Chinese Simmental (WS), and Chinese Simmental (CS). CS (n=9), AS (n=9) and WS (n=9) were randomly selected from a herd of 80 bulls which were fed and managed under similar conditions. Fatty acid profile and meat quality parameters were analyzed in duplicate. Significant breed difference was observed in fatty acid and meat quality profiles. AS exhibited significantly (p<0.05) lower C16:0 and higher C18:1n9c compared with CS. AS breed also had a tendency (p<0.10) to lower total saturated fatty acid (SFA), improve C18:3n3 and total unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) compared with CS. Crossbreed of AS and WS had significantly (p<0.05) improved the lightness, redness, and yellowness of muscles, and lowered cooking loss, pressing loss, and shear force compared with CS. These results indicated that fatty acid composition and meat quality generally differed among breeds, although the differences were not always similar in different tissues. Fatty acid composition, meat color, water holding capacity, and tenderness favored AS over CS. Thus, Angus cattle might be used to improve fatty acid and meat quality profiles of CS, and AS might contain better nutritive value, organoleptic properties, and flavor, and could be potentially developed as an ideal commercial crossbreed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.402-406
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• 2010

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a delta-retrovirus which causes chronic lymphocytosis in cattle. BLV infections have been divided into two groups such as enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL) according to the clinical symptoms in infected cattle. The conventional detection method of BLV was hematological procedure which is determining lymphocytosis in the suspected animals. Recently several sensitive methods were developed to detect antibody to BLV and nucleic acid of the BLV from infected cattle. In this study we have compared the difference of positive rates between agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which are using for BLV antibody detection methods. The positive detection rate of ELISA test was 7.4% greater than the positive rate of AGID. The discrepancy of the positive rate between ELISA and AGID were showed in the group of age over one year old to under three year old group. The result from each test agreed very well in the group of over 5 year old cattles. The serological test is very useful method to select the infected cattle for the eradication or control of the disease in the infected herd. But it has a limit by interference of the maternal antibody from the cow of under 6 month old. This study shows that 16.2% of these ages group showed BLV gene positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The result suggests that ELISA test need to be used with PCR to clarify misinterpretation of positive animals by antibody response due to the natural infection from maternally derived antibody in calves of under 6 months old.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1976

In this investigation, the physico-chemical properties of Korean cattles milk and Holstein cows milk are studied. The results of the milk -protein of F-1, F-2, and F-4 hybrid are interested in this studied. 1. The physico-chemical properties of Korean cattle and Holstein cows milk is summarized at Table 1, Table 2. 2. The electrophoretic milk protein fraction of Korean cattle is identified : Lactoalbumin 1.74mg%. Alpha-1 globulin 1.19mg%, Alpha-2 globulin 0.68mg%, Beta-globulin 2.57mg%, Gamma-globulin 0.93mg%. 3. The electrophoretic milk protein fraction of Holstein cow : Lactoalbumin 1.23mg%, Alpha-1 globulin 0.93mg%, Alpha-2 globulin 0.86mg%, Bata-globulin 2.56mg%, Gamma-globulin 1.74mg% have been identified. 4. The electrophoretic milk protein fraction of hybrid F-1, F-2, and F-4 between Korean cattle(female) and Holstein(male) is obtained the following : F-1 hybrid : Lactoalbumin 1.38mg%, Alpha-1 globulin 1.58mg%, Alpa-2 globulin 2.46mg%, Beta-globulin 1.39mg%. F-2 hybrid : Lactoalbumin 1.57mg%, Alpha-1 globulin 1.74mg%, Alpha-2 globulin 2.19mg%, Beta-globulin 1.74mg%. F-4 hybrid : Lactoalbumin 2.46mg%, Alpha-1 globulin 1. 24mg%, Alpha-2 globulin 1.57㎎%, Beta-globulin 1.74mg%.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2005

Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently considered as the most sensitive method to detect low abundant DNAs in samples. Compared to conventional PCR, real-time PCR has a high reliability because of excluding false-positive results and can allow a simultaneous faster detection and quantification of target DNAs. This study was carried out to identify the Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) beef by genotyping after DNA extraction of commercial beef in 41 restaurants. Since Hanwoo, Holstein and imported cattle meat have different patterns in the MC1R gene associated with the coat colors of cattles (C-type, C/T-type or T-type), we could identify the genotype using real-time PCR The result of real-time PCR assay for beef samples in 41 restaurants which are asserted to sell Hanwoo beef only, showed that 29 of 41 samples were Hanwoo beef gene type (T-type) and 12 of 41 samples were Holstein or imported cattle gene type (C-type or C/T-type). Therefore, the proportion of Han-woo beef was $70.7\%$ and the proportion of Holstein or imported cattle meat was $29.3\%(C/T-type; 12.2\%,\;C-type; 17.1\%)$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1964

The ratios of cattle and swine serum proteins taken from the slaughter house were studied by Paper Electrophoresis. 1. Of 79 cattle and 53 swine, 49 cattle and 32 swine were observed in this studying as normal animals, the rest which was over 60% of albumin, globulin values and 1/2 of A/G (albumin/globulin) ratio was observed separately as abnormalities, because physiological examination was not made before slaughter. The ratios of the normal serum proteins were A (albumin) 58.8, ${\alpha}$(alpha-globulin) 13.7, ${\beta}$(beta-globulin) 11.9, ${\gamma}$(gamma-globulin) 28.6, G(total globulin) 49.2, A/G 1.03 in cattle and A 48.4, ${\alpha}$ 18.0, ${\beta}$ 13.6, ${\gamma}$ 20.0, G 51,6, A/G 0.93 in swine, the result including abnormalities showed A 45.5, ${\alpha}$ 14.8, ${\beta}$ 12.5, ${\gamma}$ 26.7, G 54.5, A/G 0.83 in cattle and A 44.5, ${\alpha}$ 19.8, ${\beta}$ 13.7, ${\gamma}$ 21.8, G 55.3, A/G 0.80 in Swine. 2. The A/G ratio of cattle and swine were 1.03 and 0.93 respectively, the A/G ratio of Korean cattle and swine are higher than the ration reported of others. Although A/G ratio of swine was below 1.00, and its value showed slightly higher than the others. The A/G ratio in this result including the abnormalities was relatively low but this ratio was higher than that values obtained by other reporters. 3. Twenty nine percent of cattles and 34 per cent of swines in this study, fluctuation of A/G ratio was great. The values of ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$ globulins thought to be influenced by the amount of total globulin except ${\beta}$-globulin in swine. To obtain more occurate results, more sample size is required, in other hand some animals that is in subclinical condition might influence the values of this study. 4. The ratios of each fraction mobility which were regarded albumin as 100 were A 100, ${\alpha}$ 73, ${\beta}$ 47, ${\gamma}$ 30 in Cattle and A 100, ${\alpha}$ 71, ${\beta}$ 46, ${\gamma}$ 30 in Swine.