• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.225-235
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• 2010

This study was aimed to assess the status of working environment, health care management status and cause of exposure in manufactories using dimethylformamide (DMF). For the purpose, airborne concentration of DMF in the workplaces and N-methylformamide (NMF) in worker's urine were measured with job type and process. In addition, management of local exhaust ventilation system (LEV) and personal protective equipment (PPE) was evaluated at 35 work places (107 workers) located in Busan and Gimhae area. Mean DMF concentrations in work places by job type and process were of high level measured in printing and record media reproduction (5.23 ppm) and flaking process (2.48 ppm). Workers in adhesive job were measured a large amount of urine NMF (21.59 mg/${\ell}$). 98.1% of DMF handling workers were provided respirators, but 67.3% of those workers used them. The main reasons for not using respirators were inconvenience and difficulty of breathing. Airborne concentrations of DMF were higher in the workplaces in which LEVs were working abnormally, but there was not statistically significant. In addition, the urine NMF levels were correlated with management of LEV within the workers who did not use the respirators (p<0.048). These results implied that LEV should be installed and maintained properly to protect the workers from the exposure to DMF. Management of PPE should be also necessary to protect the workers from chemical hazards.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2012

Robot related injuries in industrial accidents statistics during 2008~2010 have accounted for a total of 109 cases equivalent to 30~40 cases for each of those years. The number of injured compared to the dissemination of industrial robots(51,302 units/2004) can be regarded as quite low. However, the fatal injuries sustained by 7 (6.4%) out of 109 cases paints the stark reality of robot-related accident fatalities. It is a sad probability that as the automation process expands its use of industrial robots which have increased significantly in demand, the incidence of workplace accidents will also increase. Therefore, the incidence of accidents throughout the period of 2008~2010 has been analysed to prevent the injuries due to the increased use of industrial robots. In the analysis, the injuries occurred during the industrial robot operation accounted for 45.9% of the entire accidents. Thus, we examined the present status of the industrial robot operation to analyze the root cause of accidents occurred in our studied time period. We looked at a total of 469 workplaces. 456 workplaces responded in the year 2009 and survey studies were implemented at 13 of the 29 workplaces where work injuries were sustained in the year 2010. Even where protective measures and interlock devices were in place, our studies indicated that workers could access the robot area to perform the tasks in 188 sites(40.1%). Also, the 143 sites(30.5%) had control measures and equipment located in the safety fence. In addition, the robots found at 164 sites(35.0%) could be restarted without additional restarting operation. These three causes accounted for most of the workplace injuries during the industrial robot operations. Futhermore, we confirmed the fact that the protective measures of the current safety regulations were not strictly enforced. Based upon our studies and the investigation of the present status of the industrial robot operation, higher standards in training and supervision of workers in the robot operation must quickly be met in order to prevent these industrial injuries.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the assessment of exposure to welding fume and heavy metals among construction welders. Methods: Activity-specific personal air samplings(n=206) were carried out at construction sites of three apartment, two office buildings, and two plant buildings using PVC(poly vinyl chloride) filters with personal air samplers. The concentration of fumes and heavy metals were evaluated for five different types of construction welding jobs: general building pipefitter, chemical plant pipefitter, boiler maker, ironworker, metal finishing welder. Results: The concentration of welding fumes was highest among general building pipefitters($4.753mg/m^3$) followed by ironworkers($3.765mg/m^3$), boilermakers($1.384mg/m^3$), metal finishing welders($0.783mg/m^3$), chemical pipefitters($0.710mg/m^3$). Among the different types of welding methods, the concentration of welding fumes was highest with the $CO_2$ welding method($2.08mg/m^3$) followed by SMAW(shield metal arc welding, $1.54mg/m^3$) and TIG(tungsten inert gas, $0.70mg/m^3$). Among the different types of workplace, the concentration of welding fumes was highest in underground workplaces($1.97mg/m^3$) followed by outdoor($0.93mg/m^3$) and indoor(wall opening as $0.87mg/m^3$). Specifically comparing the workplaces of general building welders, the concentration of welding fumes was highest in underground workplaces($7.75mg/m^3$) followed by indoor(wall opening as $2.15mg/m^3$). Conclusions: It was found that construction welders experience a risk of expose to welding hazards at a level exceeding the exposure limits. In particular, for high-risk welding jobs such as general building pipefitters and ironworkers, underground welding work and $CO_2$ welding operations require special occupational health management regarding the use of air supply and exhaust equipment and special safety and health education and fume mask are necessary. In addition, there is a need to establish construction work monitoring systems, health planning and management practices.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.172-181
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• 2022

Objectives: In order to reduce the burden on employers and increase the reliability of measurement results, improvements to the provisions related to the work environment measurement reporting system, such as the current Occupational Safety and Health Act and its Enforcement Rules, are planned. This study aimed to suggest improvements for the work environment measurement reporting system through a survey and Delphi investigation. Method: This survey included workplaces (health managers), national institutions (the Ministry of Employment and Labor) that use the results of the work environment measurement reporting system for policy and supervision purposes, and work environment measurement institutions that enter the results were included. In addition to the survey, we tried to derive results through meetings with stakeholders and expert advisory meetings. Results: It is difficult to abolish or partially improve the reporting system under the Enforcement Regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act at this point because the opinions of workplaces, supervisory agencies, and measuring agencies differ in terms of its intended purpose and use. In the case of high-exposure harmful factors (over 50% on the basis of exposure) in the "comprehensive opinion" described in the work environment measurement results table, it is necessary to insert unit of work with exposed harmful factors, exposure factors, and current conditions in checklists or tables so that they can be reflected in government policies. In the case of workplaces that are feared to be highly exposed to substances subject to measurement, it seems desirable to improve them so that industrial health instructors registered with the Korea Safety and Health Agency or local labor offices can provide technical guidance. As an improvement plan to increase the reliability of data and the use of big data, it is necessary to improve the input method for processes and jobs. Conclusion: The laws and regulations of the work environment measurement reporting system are difficult to revise due to a lack of consensus among current stakeholders, but improvements can be achieved by improving the Ministry of Employment and Labor's notifications and other means. In addition, in order to effectively utilize the data from the K2B system, it is necessary to improve the input method for processes and jobs.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2024

Objectives: This study was intended to investigate the revision status of the occupational exposure standards for aluminum at home and abroad; to investigate worker exposure at domestic aluminum manufacturing and handling workplaces; to conduct social and economic evaluation for the revision of domestic aluminum exposure limits. Methods: We investigated the current status of occupational exposure limits for aluminum at home and abroad, and analyzed supporting data. An exposure survey was conducted targeting domestic aluminum manufacturing and handling workplaces. Based on these, revised aluminum occupational exposure limits were proposed. Results: The major aluminum exposure limits at home and abroad show a notable difference. The toxicity of aluminum, which was revealed through animal experiments and epidemiological investigations. The average concentration of aluminum in the air at 12 workplaces was 0.016 mg/m³, and the maximum was 0.0776 mg/m³. When total dust and respiratory dust were measured side by side and simultaneously for the same process, 12.1% of the total mass concentration of aluminum dust was respiratory dust. As a result of measuring and comparing the size distribution of dust with an optical particle counter in real time, 48.1% of the total dust in the form of welding fume and pyro-powder was respiratory dust. Based on the literature review and workplace survey, three proposals for changing the aluminum exposure limit were proposed. Proposal (1): For all types, 10 mg/m³ is unified as the exposure limit except for soluble salts and alkyls. Proposal (2): 1(R) mg/m³ as the exposure limit for all forms except soluble salts and alkyl. Proposal (3): 1(R) mg/m³ for pyro-powder and welding fume, and 10 mg/m³ for metal dust, aluminum oxide, and insoluble compounds as exposure standards. A pyro-powder was defined as dry aluminum powder of 200 mesh size (74 ㎛) or smaller (larger size classified as metal dust). Reason for setting: In the workplace survey, the ratio of respiratory dust to total dust was analyzed to be about 1:10, so it was judged that the domestic standard and the ACGIH standard were compatible. Conclusions: In all scenarios according to the revision of the exposure standard, the B/C ratio was greater than 1 or only benefits existed, so it was evaluated as sufficiently reasonable as a result of the socio-economic evaluation.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1993년도 제45차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.211-212
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• 1993

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.71-91
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• 2008

사업체패널조사는 상용근로자 30인 이상의 사업체를 대표하는 패널을 구성하여 전반적인 경영환경 및 인적자원 관리체계, 노사관계의 현황 및 임금교섭 과정 등에 대한 정보를 추적 조사하는 종단면 조사이다. 이 조사는 우리나라의 고용구조 및 노동수요를 체계적으로 파악하고, 전반적인 인적자원 관리체계를 평가하여 바람직 한 노동시장정책을 수립하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 조사에서는 인사담당자 응답용, 노사관계 업무담당자 응답용, 근로자대표 응답용으로 구분된 세 종류의 설문지가 사용되었다. 사업체패널조사의 표본사업체는 지역, 업종 구분 및 사업장 규모 등을 층화변수로 하는 층화임의추줄법에 따라 추출되었다. 사업체패널조사의 가중치는 설계 가중치, 무응답 조정, 사후층화 조정의 과정을 거쳐 작성되었으며, 조사 실사과정은 조사데이터의 질을 높이고자 컴퓨터보조개별면접 (CAPI) 방법을 적용하여 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 사업체패널조사에 대한 구조와 주요 설문내용, 표본설계, 실사과정, 응답률 현황, 무응답 대체방법, 가중치 작성과정, 조사결과에 대한 설계효과 분석 등에 대해서 논의하였다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 생산인구 감소 시대 도래와 정년 연장법 통과에 따라 고령화 되어가는 연구개발 인력들의 활용모델과 시사점을 발굴하는 것이다. 연구개발 분야의 장년 연구개발 인력들의 활용 가능성과 중요성에도 불구하고 이 분야에 대한 체계적인 연구가 부족하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1) 장년 연구개발 인력들을 현재 일하는 기관에서 새로 고용되어 더 일할 수 있는 내부 정년 달성형 모델, 2) 현재 일하고 있는 기관과 연계된 기관에서 자신의 능력을 발휘할 수 있는 외부 연계 정년 달성형 모델, 3) 현재 일하고 있는 기관에서 정년을 연장하여 계속 일할 수 있는 정년 연장형 모델, 4) 새로운 기관으로의 재취업을 위해 정보를 제공하고 교육을 실시하는 전직지원형 모델으로 구분하여 구체적인 방안들을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 장년 연구개발인력을 지원할 수 있는 법제 개선과 장년 연구개발 인력들과 관리자간의 대화와 소통을 강조하는 내용을 제언하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.656-664
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• 2023

연구목적: 고용노동부에서는 사업장 내 화재·붕괴 등의 대형재난이 발생하면 사업장 대규모 인적사고 위기관리 표준매뉴얼에 근거하여 재난을 관리하고 있다. 현재 운용중인 표준매뉴얼을 점검하고 미흡한 항목에 대해 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법:이에 따라, 재난관리 매뉴얼 내·외부 전문가, 본부·지방관서의 재난업무 담당자 등과 함께 표준매뉴얼을 점검하였고 우선적으로 개선해야 할 항목을 도출하였다. 연구결과: 붕괴사고의 경우에는 재난관리 주관부처 선정의 논란을 제거하기 위해 행정안전부에서 선정기준을 정확히 제시할 필요가 있으며, 인파밀집사고의 경우에는 표준매뉴얼 보다는 행동·실무 매뉴얼에 구체적으로 반영하여 유사시 근로자 대피 안전성을 확보해야 할 것이다. 이 외에도 재난안전 통신망 운영 및 대피요령에 대해 상세한 내용의 추가 보완이 필요해 보인다. 결론: 향후에도 국민의 눈높이에 부응하는 재난관리 제도 개선을 위해서 해당 분야별 전문가, 재난업무 담당자, 그리고 일반시민 등의 의견수렴을 통해 근로자의 생명과 안전을 보장하고 좀 더 현장감 있는 사업장 대규모 인적사고 위기 관리 표준매뉴얼 마련을 기대한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.180-188
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• 1994

This study was designed to investigate qualitatively whether respirators now being used in workplaces tit workers iflfaces well or not. Leak sites were determined after exposing the subjects to fluorescent aerosol and were analyzed by gender, brand and manufacturing nation. The results were as follows ; 1. Among those leak sites which were classified into four areas(nose, cheek, lip and chin), test aerosol was mostly deposited on the nose and the cheek areas. 2. The mean number of leak sites observed from the female subjects were 2.3 while the number were 2.2 from the male subjects. The most frequently observed leak site was nose and followed by chin, lip and cheek in descending order of frequency. 3. Among different brands of respirators, different leak sites were observed. Test subjects wearing the Sand N brands were more heavily exposed than those of wearing the D and M brands. 4. No significant difference of the number of leak sites were found between Korean-made and American-made masks. However, the most frequent leak site observed for the Korean-made ones was the nose area while it was the chin area for the American-made ones. 5. Analyses of 97 leak sites by shape showed that 27(27.8%) were point types, 54(55.7%) diffuse types and 16(16.5%) streamline types. 6. Test subjects indicated that the facepieces of Korean-made respirators were harder and smaller in size than those of American-made one. The most comfortable respirator selected was the respirator by the N Co. and the most uncomfortable one was the respirator by the D Co. This study suggests that many half-mask respirators now being used in the workplaces may not fit to workers well. Therefore, when selecting respirators, employers are advised to test respirators if they fit to workers well. And manufacturers are recommended to produce effective and comfortable respirators tested qualitatively and quantitatively not only in the laboratory but also in the field.