• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2007

The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a valid and widely used instrument for the assessment of osteoarthritis patients. In this study, data was obtained from the out-patients with painful osteoarthritis of the knee. One hundred-three out-patients were interviewed by physical therapists. In an exploratory way, a Korean version of the KWOMAC was analyzed for unidimensionality, item separation, and item difficulty using the Winsteps programs. Ninety-five patients with osteoarthritis of the knee over 65 years were analyzed for Rash analysis. In the analysis several functional items poorly fit to the model. These items included "heavy domestic duties" and "standing". In the pain domain, one item ("at night while in bed") did not fit the model. In the stiffness domain one item ("after sitting, lying, or resting later in the day") did not fit the model. Although 4 items from the 3 domains (pain, stiffness, function domain) do not fit well, the KWOMAC domains were confirmed by Rasch analysis. Thus the KWOMAC needs to be further examined before it can be used to properly determine the health status of the elderly with OA.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.111-117
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was done for reporting effect of moxibustion therapy on the degenerative arthritis of knee joint with osteochondroma. Methods : Two patient with degenerative arthritis of knee joint with osteochondroma was treated by moxibustion therapy. We applied moxibustion therapy three times a day for 12 days(three days per week). To investigate effectiveness of treatment we used visual analogue scale, Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities. Results : 1. The moxibustion therapy deceased knee joint pain. 2. As a result of evaluation by visual analogue scale, Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities the score marked lower than before treatment and after treatment. Conclusion : Moxibustion therapy decreased knee joint pain that patient have degenerative arthritis of knee joint with osteochondroma.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.145-148
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• 2018

The purpose of this case study was to use Korean medicine to treat posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture. The patient suffered left knee pain resulting from an avulsion fracture and was hospitalized for 59 days and treated with acupuncture and traditional Korean medicine. The effect of the treatment was evaluated using the Numerical Rate Scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster universities Osteoarthritis Index, and the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions. Following treatment of the pain in the left knee, scores for Numerical Rate Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster universities Osteoarthritis Index, and European Quality of Life Five Dimensions were improved. This study suggested that Korean Medicine could be an effective treatment for posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures. Further studies are needed to substantiate this conclusion.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.251-260
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• 2009

Objectives : To investigate reliability and validity of Korean translation of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC) osteoarthritis index. Methods : The reliablity, construct validity of the Korean WOMAC Index in the patient of knee osteoarthritis was investigated. Test-retest reliability was quantified with pearson's correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was quantified with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. and construct validity with pearson's correlation coefficient by correlating of the Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Results : Test-retest reliability of Korean WOMAC Index for pain was 0.76 to 0.95, stiffness was 0.89 to 0.94, and physical function was 0.71 to 0.95. Intraclass correlation coefficient for pain was 0.76 to 0.94, stiffness was 0.54 to 0.89, and physical function was 0.70 to 0.95. Internal consistency were 0.94 and 0.94 for the first and second time, respectively. Construct validity for pain was 0.79, for stiffness was 0.66, and physical function was 0.67. Conclusions : The Korean translation of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC) osteoarthritis index is reliable, valid assessment tool in knee osteoarthritis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.20-29
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)-VA3.0 in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). The sample consisted of 301 patients who had received treatments at the physical therapy units of 5 medical institutions in Andong City in june 2006. Questionnaires on the WOMAC were recruited by 12 physical therapists. The internal structure and reliability of the scales were evaluated by means of item-internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: ${\alpha}$), item-discriminant validity, and Pearson's relation coefficient. To explore construct validity, we conducted a principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation analysis. The criterion for factor extraction was an eigenvalue >1.0. The average age of the patients was 62.1 years. All WOMAC subscales (pain, stiffness, and physical function) were internally consistent with Cronbach's coefficients of .81, .91, and .80, respectively. The internal consistency reliability of item-each scale were also internally consistent with Cronbach's coefficient of .89 (Pearson's correlation coefficient: .71~.84), .93 (.89~.91), and .96 (.67~.91), respectively. However, high correlation was found among 3 items (.66~.83, .66~.67, and .67~.83), so the item-discriminant validity was low (${\alpha}$ coefficient: .81, .91, .80, respectively). The construct validity by factor analysis was low because it was not consistent With WOMAC-VA3.0. In conclusion, the results reported here confirm the reliability of the WOMAC in patients with OA of the hip and knee. The collection of information on the hip and knee osteoarthritis using this instrument was acceptable to patients. A further prospective multi-center study will be necessary to prove the construct validity.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of Gamisopunghwalhyeal-tang to three patients traumatic knee joint injury. Methods: Patients are hospitalized at Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation, Bu-Chun Jaseng Oriental Medicine Hospital, diagnosed as traumatic knee joint injury and treated mainly with herbal medicine ; Gamisopunghwalhyeal-tang. This study was measured by VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) score and walking time and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC) index score. Results: After taking Gamisopunghwalhyeal-tang, the patient's pain was controlled and increased time of walking on floor after treatment. VAS & WOMAC score were decreased. Conclusions: As seen in this three cases of traumatic knee joint injury, Gamisopunghwalhyeal-tang has a positive effect to control pain with traumatic knee joint injury.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was done to show the clinical effect of miniscalpel acupuncture treatment on osteoarthritis of the knee which is refractory to acupuncture treatment. Methods : A patient was treated with acupuncture for three weeks, non-treated(wash out period) for two weeks, and treated with miniscalpel acupuncture for three weeks. The effect of treatments were measured with Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Range of Motion(ROM), Short form McGill pain questionnaire(SF-MPQ), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC). Results : During the three weeks of acupuncture treatment, VAS, SF-MPQ and WOMAC improved, but after two weeks of the wash out period each score worsened. During the three weeks of miniscalpel acupuncture VAS, SF-MPQ, and WOMAC improved while ROM improved remarkably. Conclusion : These results suggest that miniscalpel acupuncture might be a therapeutic option for knee degenerative osteoarthritis patients who does not responded to acupuncture treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2022

Changes in symptoms and dysfunction related to meniscus tears following the use of Korean medicine for ≥ 4 days were studied. The medical charts of 53 cases of diagnosed meniscus tears (magnetic resonance imaging) with an admission Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score ≥ 4, between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Treatments included acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal treatment, Chuna therapy, and physiotherapy. The NRS, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions were performed at admission and discharge. There were 42 females and 11 males in this study. Patients were more likely to be in their 60s (38.18%), have an unknown etiology (81.13%), and have complex tears (50.94%). After receiving a combination of alternative Korean medicine during hospitalization, the mean NRS score improved from 6.82 ± 1.19 to 3.66 ± 1.83 (p < 0.001), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score improved from 46.47 ± 20.99 to 37.98 ± 19.23 (p < 0.001), and the mean European Quality of Life Five Dimensions score improved from 0.61 ± 0.18 to 0.68 ± 0.14 (p < 0.001) after treatment. These results suggest that Korean medicine treatment of meniscus tears alleviated pain and improved physical function.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this case report is to investigate the effect of exercise for vastus medialis to knee pain patients with patello-femoral pain syndrome. Methods: Two patients with patello-femoral pain syndrome were treated by exercise for vastus medialis. To measure the outcome of the patients' improvement, we observed the X-ray of both knee sky-line view, Numerical Rating Scale(NRS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC) index. Results: After being treated by exercise for vastus medialis, the patients' X-ray of both knee sky-line view, Numerical Rating Scale(NRS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC) index were significantly improved. Conclusions: These results suggest that exercise for vastus medialis is effective treatment to patients with patello-femoral pain syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.167-191
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• 2021

Objectives Degenerative osteoarthritis of knee is a disease with an increasing number of patients worldwide and its general treatments have some side effects. Methods 102 subjects were classified into test group 1, test group 2, and control group, and clinical trial products were taken for 12 weeks. The effectiveness was evaluated with changes in visual analogue scale, Korean-Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2. Results Both test group 1 and test group 2 were effective in reducing the pain of degenerative osteoarthritis of knee, and only test group 2 was effective in improving the ability to perform daily activities. No clinically significant changes were observed for any safety parameter. Conclusions In conclusion, the data of this study indicate that Zanthoxylum piperitum leaf extract has effectiveness and safety against mild degenerative osteoarthritis of knee.