• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제43권8호
• /
• pp.728-738
• /
• 2020

Time and cost-effective production of next-generation sequencing data has enabled the performance of population-scale comparative and evolutionary studies for various species, which are essential for obtaining the comprehensive insight into molecular mechanisms underlying species- or breed-specific traits. In this study, the evolutionary and functional analysis of Korean native pig (KNP) was performed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data by comparative and population genomic approaches with six different mammalian species and five pig breeds. We examined the evolutionary history of KNP SNPs, and the specific genes of KNP based on the uniqueness of non-synonymous SNPs among the used species and pig breeds. We discovered the evolutionary trajectory of KNP SNPs within the used mammalian species as well as pig breeds. We also found olfaction-associated functions that have been characterized and diversified during evolution, and quantitative trait loci associated with the unique traits of KNP. Our study provides new insight into the evolution of KNP and serves as a good example for a better understanding of domestic animals in terms of evolution and domestication using the combined approaches of comparative and population genomics.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 2001

Comparisons in physicochemical characteristics of longissimus muscle between the Korean native pig(KNP: 75kg of slaughter weight and 240 days of age) versus Landrace(110kg of slaughter weight and 180 days of age) are as below. Compared with Landrace, KNP had a greater drip loss resulting from a lower muscle pH and water holding capacity, greater L*(lightness), a*(redness) and b*(yellowness) values in muscle color, and a greater L* value and smaller a* and b* values in attached backfat color. Tenderness were greater in the Korean native pig. Moreover, KNP had a greater number of muscle fibers and a smaller diameter of the fiber when examined by scanning electron microscopy. In sum, the Korean native pig, compared with Landrace, had a greater redness in meat color, a greater whiteness in fat color; the lower WHC and greater tenderness of the former apparently resulted from the lower slaughter weight rather than from a species difference.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권9호
• /
• pp.1263-1269
• /
• 2014

Comprehensive information on genetic diversity and introgression is desirable for the design of rational breed improvement and conservation programs. Despite the concerns regarding the genetic introgression of Western pig breeds into the gene pool of the Korean native pig (KNP), the level of this admixture has not yet been quantified. In the present study, we genotyped 93 animals, representing four Western pig breeds and KNP, using the porcine SNP 60K BeadChip to assess their genetic diversity and to estimate the level of admixture among the breeds. Expected heterozygosity was the lowest in Berkshire (0.31) and highest in Landrace (0.42). Population differentiation ($F_{ST}$) estimates were significantly different (p<0.000), accounting for 27% of the variability among the breeds. The evidence of inbreeding observed in KNP (0.029) and Yorkshire (0.031) may result in deficient heterozygosity. Principal components one (PC1) and two (PC2) explained approximately 35.06% and 25.20% of the variation, respectively, and placed KNP somewhat proximal to the Western pig breeds (Berkshire and Landrace). When K = 2, KNP shared a substantial proportion of ancestry with Western breeds. Similarly, when K = 3, over 86% of the KNP individuals were in the same cluster with Berkshire and Landrace. The linkage disquilbrium (LD) values at $r^2_{0.3}$, the physical distance at which LD decays below a threshold of 0.3, ranged from 72.40 kb in Landrace to 85.86 kb in Yorkshire. Based on our structure analysis, a substantial level of admixture between Western and Korean native pig breeds was observed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.12.1-12.5
• /
• 2015

Background: The Korean native pig (KNP) is generally thought to have come from northern China to the Korean peninsula approximately 2000 years ago. KNP pigs were at the brink of extinction in the 1980s, since then efforts have been made to restore the breed by bringing together the remaining stocks in South Korea. As a result, KNP was registered as a breed in 2006. To find additional breed-specific markers that are distinct among pig breeds, variations in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) were investigated. OGT is located on chromosome X and catalyzes the post-translational addition of a single O-linked-${\beta}$-N-acetylglucosamine to target proteins. Findings: Length polymorphism in the intron 20 of OGT was identified. The intron 20 of OGT from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds was 281-bp longer than that from either KNP or Chinese Meishan pigs. The difference between the Western pig breeds (BB genotype) and KNP or Meishan pigs (AA genotype) was due to an inserted 276-bp element and the 5-bp ACTTG. Conclusions: The polymorphism in OGT identified in this study may be used as an additional marker for determining the breed of origin among Meishan and the Western pig breeds. The length polymorphism suggests that the locus near OGT is not fixed in KNP. This marker would be relevant in determining the breed of origin in crossbred pigs between KNP pigs with known genotypes and the Western pig breeds with BB genotypes, thus confirming the contribution of the X chromosome from each breed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.403-409
• /
• 2010

Accurate methods for the identification of closely related species or breeds in raw and processed meats must be developed in order to protect both consumers and producers from mislabeling and fraud. This paper describes the development of DNA markers for the discrimination and improvement of Korean native pig (KNP) meat. The KIT gene is related to pig coat color and is often used as a candidate marker. A 538 bp fragment comprising intron 19 of the pig KIT gene was amplified by PCR using specific primers, after which the PCR amplicons of a number of meat samples from KNP and three major improved breeds (Landrace, Duroc and Yorkshire) were sequenced in order to find a nucleotide region suitable for PCR-RFLP analysis. Sequence data showed the presence of two nucleotide substitutions, g.276G>A and g.295A>C, between KNP and the improved pig breeds. Digestion of KIT amplicons with AccII enzyme generated characteristic PCR-RFLP profiles that allowed discrimination between meats from KNP and improved pig. KNP showed three visible DNA bands of 264/249, 199, and 75 bp, whereas DNA bands of 249, 199, and 90 bp were detected in the three improved pig breeds. Therefore, the 75 bp DNA fragment was specific only to KNP, whereas the 90 bp DNA fragment was specific to the improved breeds. The breed-specific DNA markers reported here that target the KIT gene could be useful for the identification of KNP meat from improved pig meats, thus contributing to the prevention of falsified breed labeling.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2011

초위성체(MS) 표지를 이용하여 한국재래돼지 집단의 각각의 분자유전학적 특성을 조사하고 그 평가를 통해 한국재래돼지에 대한 품종 및 계통분류의 기초를 마련하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 또한, 각 재래돼지 집단 내 및 집단간의 유전적 변이성을 확인하고, 그 분류 및 특성평가를 위한 MS 분석체계를 마련하여 국내 가축 유전자원 관리에 활용하고자 하였다. 국내 관리기관 및 농가에서 보유하고 있는 6개 재래돼지 집단을 중국의 4개 재래돼지 집단 및 외래종 돼지 7개 집단과 함께 분석하였다. 도합 17집단 648두를 대상으로 26개 MS 표지로 분석한 결과, 한국재래돼지 집단은 외래종과 중국재래돼지로부터 분자유전학적으로 별개의 집단으로 확연히 구분되는 것을 확인하였다. 한국재래돼지 집단의 기대이형접합도($H_E$)는 0.65의 값을 보인 두 집단(B, D)을 제외한 나머지에서 0.48~0.55의 수준을 보여 전반적으로 외래종에 비해 낮았다. 한국재래돼지 집단간의 유전거리 또한 0.12~0.34 정도로 비교대상에 비하여 낮았다. 분석대상 한국재래돼지 6집단 중 세 개의 집단은 높은 유전적 균일도를 보였으나, 두 집단에서는 일부 집단의 혼입을, 나머지 하나의 집단에서는 둘 이상의 집단으로부터의 복잡한 혼입이 의심되는 매우 낮은 유전적 균일도를 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 한국재래돼지 집단간의 유전적 차이 및 동질성, 그리고 집단내의 유전적 균일성을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 국내유전자원의 고유성을 인정할 수 있는 과학적인 근거로서, 국가수준의 가축유전자원 평가, 관리의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제60권3호
• /
• pp.6.1-6.5
• /
• 2018

Background: The meat quality of Korean native pigs (KNP) and crossbred pigs (LYD; Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) was examined to generate data useful for selecting native pigs for improved pork production. Methods: Fifty Korean native pigs (KNP) and 50 crossbred pigs (LYD) were tested. Loin samples (M. longissimus dorsi) of the two breeds were analyzed to determine meat quality and sensory properties. Result: KNP had a higher moisture content than LYD (p < 0.05); however, it had significantly lower crude fat and ash content than that of LYD (p < 0.001). KNP had significantly higher shear force than LYD (p < 0.01). KNP also showed significantly higher cooking loss than LYD (p < 0.05). KNP had a lower $L^*$ value than LYD (p < 0.05); however, it had a markedly higher $a^*$ and $b^*$ value than LYD (p < 0.001). KNP showed significantly higher linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid content than LYD (p < 0.05). Although KNP had significantly better flavor and overall palatability than LYD, it was less tender than LYD (p < 0.01). Conclusion: KNP had a markedly higher $a^*$ value than LYD. KNP had significantly higher shear force than LYD. The total unsaturated fatty acid content was higher in KNP than in LYD.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.183-191
• /
• 2001

Comparisons between the Korean native pig(KNP: 75kg of slaughter weight and 240 days of age) versus Landrace(110kg of slaughter and 180 days of age) in dressing and lean meat percentages, compositions of fatty acids and amino acids and sensory evaluations on longissimus muscle are as below. Compared with Landrace, KNP had smaller percentages in dressing and lean meat percentages and a smaller backfat thickness. In retail cuts, KNP had greater percentages in shoulder butt, belly and picnic shoulder and smaller percentages in spareribs, ham and loin muscle. The KNP had greater percentages in crude fat, palmitic(C16:0) and linolenic(C18:3) acids and smaller percentages in oleic(C18:1) and linoleic(C18:2) acids, but total cholesterol content and ratios of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids did not differ between the two breeds. In amino acid composition, KNP had a greater percentage in lysine, but smaller percentages in most other amino acids. The KNP had a greater a*(redness) value in longissimus muscle(LM) color and a greater L*(whiteness) value in attached backfat color. Moreover, sensory evaluations on cooked LM showed that KNP had greater flavor, tenderness and springiness, which resulted in a greater overall acceptability. In summary, KNP, compared with Landrace, had smaller dressing and lean meat percentages, a smaller backfat thickness, greater percentages in popular retail cuts, greater percentages in intramuscular fat and an $\omega$-3 component linolenic acid, with no difference in cholesterol content, which, altogether, is considered to be more beneficial for human health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.1019-1025
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to observe the effects of crossbreeding and gender on the carcass traits and meat quality of Korean Native Black Pig (KNP) and $KNP{\times}Duroc$ crossbred ($KNP{\times}D$). A total of 50 pigs comprising seven KNP barrows, eight KNP gilts, twenty $KNP{\times}D$ barrows and fifteen $KNP{\times}D$ gilts were used in this study. Animals were reared in the same housing condition with same feed diet for six months prior to slaughter. After an overnight chilling, the carcasses were graded, and samples of Musculus longissimus dorsi were obtained for meat quality analysis. The slaughter and carcass weights and dressing percentage of $KNP{\times}D$ were higher (p<0.001) than those of KNP. The slaughter and carcass weights and backfat thickness of barrows were higher (p<0.01) than those of gilts. There were no significant difference in carcass conformation and quality grade between KNP and $KNP{\times}D$ as well as barrow and gilt. Fat content of $KNP{\times}D$ was higher (p<0.001) than that of KNP. Fat content of barrow was higher (p<0.001) than that of gilt. There was interaction between crossbreeding and gender on the fat content. KNP gilt showed higher fat content than KNP barrow whereas $KNP{\times}D$ barrow showed higher fat content than $KNP{\times}D$ gilt. Lightness, redness, yellowness, chroma and hue angle values and color preference of meat of $KNP{\times}D$ were lower (p<0.001) than those of KNP. Redness, yellowness and chroma values of meat of barrow were lower (p<0.05) than those of gilt. It is concluded that crossbreeding KNP with Duroc increases carcass productivity and meat fat but decreases meat color values and preference. Crossbreeding of KNP with Duroc produces a better fat deposition in meat of barrows than in gilts.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2015

The Korean native pig (KNP) have been considered as animal models for animal biotechnology research because of their relatively small body size and their presumably highly inbred status due to the closed breeding program. However, little is reported about the use of KNP for animal biotechnology researches. This study was performed to establish the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) protocol for the production of swine leukocyte antigens (SLA) homotype-defined SCNT KNP. The ear fibroblast cells originated from KNP were cultured and used as donor cell. After thawing, the donor cells were cultured for 1 hour with 15 ${\mu}M$ roscovitine prior to the nuclear transfer. The numbers of reconstructed and parthenogenetic embryos transferred were $98{\pm}35.2$ and $145{\pm}11.2$, respectively. The pregnancy and delivery rate were 3/5 (60%) and 2/5 (40%). One healthy SLA homotype-defined SCNT KNP was successfully generated. The recipient-based individual cloning efficiency ranged from 0.65 to 1.08%. Taken together, it can be postulated that the methodological establishment of the production of SLA homotype-defined cloned KNP can be applied to the generation of transgenic cloned KNP as model animals for human disease and xenotransplantation researches.