• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.10-25
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• 1999

Children above age of two are able to have sexual excitement, and they actively seek the pleasure actively or passively through touch and masturbation. In late $60_s$ and early $70_s$, Masters, obstetrician, and Johnson, social worker, illustrated four phases of human sexual responses, namely excitement, plateau, orgasmic and resolution phases in both sexes, and multiple orgasms in the female. Their treatment principles of sexual dysfunctions were largely based on behavioral model, introducing the concepts of sensate focus, dual therapy and sex education. Following Masters and Johnson, Kaplan, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, in the early and mid-$70_s$ introduced new sex therapy which was based on the combination of analytically-oriented psychotherapy and behavior therapy, and classified sexual dysfunctions into three categories such as desire excitement and orgasmic phase disorders. Since $1980_s$ other medical fields joined the stream, putting the concentrated effort on the treatment of the impotence in the male. They have developed penile prosthesis, local injection therapy, and the administration of oral medications. Nowadays Sildenafil(Viagra) seems the best choice for the treatment of the impotence in the male.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.149-162
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences in quality of sleep, job stress, fatigue, job satisfaction, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the type of work in fire-fighting officers. Methods: This study used an online questionnaire. The participants were 322 fire-fighting officers. The data were collected from May 2 to 20, 2018. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: According to the work styles of fire fighting officers, job stress, job satisfaction, and PTSD showed significant differences. However, There were no differences in sleep quality and fatigue. There were significant differences in job stress, job satisfaction, and PTSD in those in roles of fire suppression and rescue emergency medical technicians and this result suggests a way to improve the quality of sleep, job stress, job satisfaction and fatigue for fire-fighting officers who suffer from PTSD. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, mental health of fire-fighting officers will be improved through basic data for psychotherapy which can overcome the quality of sleep, job stress, fatigue, job satisfaction and PTSD according to the work style of fire-fighting officers.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Sexual addiction is accompanied with anxiety, psychological and physical dependence. Also, sexual addict want to make their presence through sexual adventures and seem sexually obsessed. In this study, we examined the changes of brain activity related to sexual addiction by utilizing the developed multi-sensory therapy after 4-weeks sex offender treatment program. We analyzed the electroencephalogram (EEG) activity changes in the subjects and regions of brain. As a result, the theta wave significantly increased after treatment than before (p < 0.001). The absolute alpha wave was increased whereas the relative alpha waves were decrease significantly (p < 0.001). The results could conclude that multi-sensory therapy on sex offender shows more stable status against sexual stimulations. Moreover, the reduction of the relative alpha waves in parietal lobe of sex offender is correlated to the less attention on sexual stimulations. The multi-sensory therapy not only provides a neurobiological explanation, but also can be used for clinical implications, i.e. prevention and treatments, for sex addiction.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

Background: This study aims to analyze the job stress of dental hygienists and the factors affecting somatization and to provide basic data for effectively managing job stress and somatization of dental hygienists. Methods: In this study, the data collected from 208 dental hygienists working in Jeollabuk-do Province were analyzed. Job stress was investigated using a questionnaire with 43 questions. In addition, the degree of somatization was evaluated through a simplified psychotherapy examination (Symptom Check List-90-Revision). Results: Age, employment history, position, average monthly income, night duty execution status, and perceived health status were significantly associated with job stress (p<0.05). The job stress sub-items scores based on general characteristics showed significance in 'workload' for those working a five-day workweek and perceived health status (p<0.05). Age, average monthly income, and perceived health status were noted in 'role conflict as a professional'. In 'lack of expertise and skill', it was noted that age, employment history, position, income, and night clinic were implemented. In 'improper treatment and interpersonal issues', level of education and perceived health status were significant (p<0.05). The higher the job stress, the higher the somatization symptom score (p<0.05), and the higher the job stress component, the higher the somatization symptom score (p<0.01). Conclusion: The job stress of dental hygienists should be reduced, and the symptoms of somatization should be mitigated. To improve the quality of medical services and the work efficiency of dental hygienists, proper treatment and compensation systems should be implemented for them to take pride as professional. Further, programs and regulations on mitigating job stress and somatization symptoms should be developed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.458-466
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to review the research on treating depression in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) over the last 5 years to set the foundation for further studies. We searched for and analyzed articles about depression in CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from January 2010 to December 2014. The results were as follows : The most frequently used diagnostic criteria was CCMD-3(The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-3), and the most used evaluation criteria was HAMD(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Prescription of decoction of medical herbs was most frequently used as a therapeutic method. Acupuncture, traditional Chinese psychotherapy, and music therapy were also used for some studies. The most frequent TCM Syndrome Differentiation Type was stagnation of liver-QI. For decoction of Chinese herbs, Soyo-san(Xiaoyao-san) and Sihosogan-san(Chaihushugan-san) were most often prescribed, and Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Curcumae Radix, Poria cocos wolf, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba were mainly used for medical herbs. BaekHoi(GV20) and Yindang(Ex-HN3) were often used as acupuncture sites. Post-Stroke Depression was the most common case of intercurrent or secondary depression. According to the Jadad Quality Assessment Scale, the quality of the reports was not high as most of the reports had a score of 3 or below. Most systematic reviews on depression were conducted by Chinese researchers. The problem with Clinical research on depression, according to those reviews, was that there were no standardized criteria for the diagnosis and treatment and the trials were usually not randomized nor controlled. We found out there are various clinical methods for treating depression in TCM, and hope that this research could provide the preliminary data for designing and conducting clinical trials for depression.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.223-234
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• 2005

Objective : The objective of this study was to research depression with acupuncture & moxibustion treatment. Methods : We searched Chinese Medical Literature(published from 1985~2002) related to depression and acupuncture. Results : 1) PC6(內關), HT7(神門), ST36(足三里), GV20(百會), LR3(太衝), SP6(三陰交) are much used for the treatment depression. 2. LR3(太衝), CV17(전중), GB34(陽陵泉), ST40(豊隆), PC6(內關) are much used for the excess type of depression and PC6(內關), SP6(三陰交), HT7(神門), BL15(心兪) are much used for deficiency type of depression. 3. ST36(足三里), SP6(三稜交), HT7(神門), PC6(內關), HT5(通里), KI1(通泉) are used for the treatment depression in electroacupuncture therapy. BL15(心兪), BL20(脾兪),ST36(足三里) are used for the treatment depression in acupoint injection therapy. 4. In dermal needle therapy, it is used to tap slightly until the skin becomes congested in the region of Bladder meridian and nape, back of Governor Vessel. 5. It seems that psychotherapy, music therapy and light therapy will be applied for the treatment of depression. Conclusion : We expect that acupuncture treatment of depression will be applied practically in clinical medicine due to further study on depression with acupuncture.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.176-181
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• 2014

Objective : Despite high prevalence and effective treatments of panic disorder, lots of patients are not properly treated due to lack of awareness of the disorder. This study summarizes and presents the results from Public Awareness Survey of Panic Disorder during the Mental Health Exposition held in Seoul in April, 2014. Methods : A total of 401 participants who visited the booth of the Korean Academy of Anxiety Disorder agreed and completed the survey. The questionnaires comprised of three sections; first, after given a case of patient with panic disorder, participants were asked to choose a diagnosis and treatment options. Second, participants were asked to differentiate the symptoms of panic disorder from those of other mental disorders and answer where they acquired the knowledge of the disorder. Third, visual analogue scales were used to get more detailed information for several issues about panic disorder. The incidence and ratio for each question were provided and compared. Results : Among the participants, 78% reported a patient within the case need treatment, and 30% accurately recognized it was panic disorder. As for treatment needed, 40% selected psychotherapy by psychiatrists, 28% chose counseling by psychologist, 23% said that they can overcome it by self-care. Only 2% of participants selected the pharmacotherapy as treatment needed. Approximately 40% of participants have encountered information about the disorder from gossips of celebrities, 32% from mass-media, and merely 6% from medical professionals. About 80% of participants could discriminate the symptom of panic disorder from those of depression, schizophrenia, or generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion : Our results suggest that substantial proportions of participants have the awareness of panic disorder, while as for treatment they were strongly biased against pharmacologic treatments. Most of their source of the awareness was not relied upon professional information. Efforts for giving correct information and increasing public awareness of panic disorder are needed to bridge a gap between professionals and general public.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.131
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• pp.353-381
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• 2014

"The four types of temperament" (hereinafter "Sa-Sang Constitutional Medicine") is applied to not only medicine, but also various fields like management, politics, education, etc. Despite that "Sa-Sang Constitutional Medicine" is "Mind-Body Medicine" which is fundamentally based on "Controling Mind and Body", though, it was rarely used for psychotherapy in practical. Practical treatment on clinical medicine is limited to only medicine-treatment or acupuncture-therapy. However treatment on illness and pathological phenomenon suggested by "Sa-Sang Constitutional Medicine" keeps individual's nature in control, and it governs environmental facts: age, region, and socio-cultural factors: alcohol, debauchery, riches, authority(酒 色 財 權). Especially, "Moral Cultivation" in "Sa-Sang Constitutional Medicine" emphasizes the importance of properly understanding vice(邪心) and laziness(怠行) concealed in natural temperament of human being, and pursuing "Understanding Each Other(博通)" and "Upright Conduct by Oneself(獨行)". Furthermore, because "Sa-Sang Constitutional Medicine" is developing medical theory based on "Understanding Others(知人)" and "Straighten Oneself(正己)" doing try integral approach, it has great implications for the present generation that forms much of social connection. Similarly, Ken Wilber who is one of representatives of "World Philosophy" and "Integral Psychology" is suggesting "Integral Life Practice" (hereinafter ILP) - applies practical and heuristic "Integral Approach" to individual experiences. ILP is the only practical discipline for development of viable whole-area. ILP says that there are four core modules: body, mind, shadow, spirit(靈), and five auxiliary modules: morals(倫理), gender(性), work(일), emotion(情緖), relationships(關係性). These nine modules could apply mind-body treatment of "Sa-Sang Constitutional Medicine", and thereby more developed mind-body treatment would be found.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.615-621
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• 2000

A social phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme fear and phobic avoidance of social and performance situations. Medications or cognitive-behavior methods have been mainly used in treating it. These methods have some shortcomings such as being inefficient and difficult to apply to treatment. Lately the virtual rcality technology has been applied to dcal with the anxiety disorders in order to compcnsate for these defects. A virtual environment provides a patient with stimuli which cvokes a phobia. and the patient's exposure to the virtual phobic situation make him be able to overcome it. In this study, we suggested the public speaking simulator based on a personal computer for the treatment of social phobia. The public speaking simulator was composed of a position sensor. head mount display and audio system. And a virtual environment for the treatment was suggested to be a seminar room where 8 avatars are sitting. The virtual environment includes a tracking system the trace a participant's head-movement using a HMD with position sensor and 3D sound is added to the virtual environment so that he might fcel it realistic. We also made avatars' motion and facial expression change in reaction to a participant's speech. The goal of developing public speaking simulator is to apply to treat fear of public speaking efficiently and economically. In a future study. we should get more information about immergence and treatment efficiency by clinical test and apply it to this simulator.