• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.257-290
• /
• 2005

Korean energy use in industrial sector has increased more rapidly than other sectors during 1980~2000 periods. Relatively higher increases in industrial sector energy consumption raise questions whether government policy of rationalization of industrial energy use has been effective. In this study, we use 80-85-90 and 90-95-00 constant price input-output table to analyze increases in industrial energy use. Using an adjusted version of structural decomposition model introduced by Chen and Rose (1990), we decompose Changes of energy use into 17 elements. We classify entire industry sector into 32 sectors including four energy sectors (coal and coal products, refined petroleum, electricity and town gas). We then analyze changes of energy use by industrial level to check differences among industrial energy demand structures. Finally, we compare three industries, electronic product manufacturing, metal manufacturing and construction, that represent technology and capital intensive, energy and material intensive and labor and capital intensive industry. As results, we find that high energy using industries make the most effort to reduce energy use. Primary metal, petrochemical and mon-metal industries show improvements in elements such as energy and material productivity, energy and material imports, energy substitution and material substitutions towards energy saving. These results imply that although those industries are heavy users of energy, they put the best effort to reduce energy use relative to other industries. We find various patterns of change in industrial energy use at industrial level. To reduce energy use, electronic product manufacturing industry needs more effort to improve technological change element while construction industry needs more effort to improve material input structure element.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.649-674
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of public R&D subsidies on private R&D. We have analyzed rationales for the public R&D subsidy from different perspectives. On the basis of literature review, a two step research model is constructed: participation phase (when firms benefit from public subsidies) and decision phase (when firms make decision on additional R&D investments). Using propensity score matching(PSM) method, we compare the potential outcome of the treated group to a matched controlled group of non-subsidized firms. The data used in this paper was collected from various sources. The Korean Innovation Survey 2008(manufacturing sector) is a main source of data. Financial data such as revenue, asset and capital stock, and number of employees were supplemented from the Nice Information Service KIS Value database. The R&D survey, conducted by MEST(Ministry of Education, Science and Technology) each year, was also used for the R&D expenditures of the manufacturing firms. This study comes up with the following empirical results. First, a firm's innovation capability, financial constraints, and sector appear to influence the selection of firms who were benefited from government's financial supports for R&D. Second, empirical results show that public R&D funding complements private investment on average and appear to have perpetual effects on the following year. Finally, sectoral difference in the effect of public subsidies on firms' R&D investment was confirmed. In addition, SMEs show more positive effects than large firms.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.75-78
• /
• 2018

Background: To identify work sectors with high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Korean men and women. Methods: We analyzed nationwide data to identify ergonomic risk factors in Korean employees. In particular, we analyzed data on exposure to five ergonomic risk factors (painful/tiring postures, lifting/moving heavy materials, standing/walking, repetitive hand/arm movements, and hand/arm vibration) according to employment sector, sex, and age, using the 2014 Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. We also used workers' compensation data on work-related MSDs in 2010, which is available by sex. Results: The different work sectors had different gender distributions. "Manufacturing" (27.7%) and "construction" (11.3%) were dominated by males, whereas "human health and social work activities" (12.4%), "hotel and restaurants" (11.7%), and "education" (10.4%) were dominated by females. However, "wholesale and retail trade" and "public administration and defense" employed large numbers of males and females. Furthermore, the work sectors with a greater proportion of work-related MSDs and with multiple ergonomic risk factors were different for men and women. For men, "construction" and "manufacturing" had the highest risk for work-related MSDs; for women, "hotel and restaurants" had the highest risk for work-related MSDs. Conclusion: Ergonomic interventions for workers should consider gender and should focus on work sectors with high risk for MSDs, with multiple ergonomic risk factors, and with the largest number of workers.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.1-32
• /
• 2008

This study examines the changes and determinants of cash to assets ratios(cash ratios) by analyzing 14,016 Korean manufacturing firms sample for the period of $1999{\sim}2004$. The major findings can be summarized as follows. First, the average cash ratios for Korean manufacturing firms have increased from 4.7 percent of 1999 to 5.2 percent of 2004. In addition, the average cash holdings per firm also have increased from 4.3 billion Won to 8.0 billion Won during the same period. However, the capital expenditures relative to cash ratios or operating cash flow have decreased significantly, confirming the notion that physical investment of Korean manufacturing sector has been shrinking recently. Second, in regression tests with panel data, the coefficients of target adjustment variables show the expected negative signs, but coefficients of the deficit of fund variables show the unexpected positive signs. Thus, the evidence seems to be supportive of static tradeoff model of cash holdings. Third, in regression tests to find the determinants of cash ratios, most of the variables show similar results as the previous studies. However, in terms of adjusted coefficient of determination and F-statistic, the firm-characteristic variables suggested by static trade-off theory have more explanatory power than the variables suggested by pecking order theory.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.11-29
• /
• 2018

목적: 산업장 안전보건교육에서 근로자의 자발적인 참여는 그 효과와 관련된 핵심적인 도전과제이다. 본 연구는 PRECEDE 모델을 중심으로 일부 제조업 사업장 근로자의 안전보건교육 참여도와 관련된 요인을 규명하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 방법: 전국 133개 제조업체의 450명(50인 미만 사업장 근로자 160명, 50인 이상 사업장 근로자 290명)의 근로자를 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문지는 일반적 특성과 함께 산업재해 및 안전보건교육과 관련된 역학적, 교육적, 생태학적 특성에 관한 문항으로 구성되었다. 결과: PRECEDE 특성 중 대규모 사업장 근로자의 사내 안전보건교육 관련 교육.생태학적 여건이 소규모 사업장 근로자보다 나은 것으로 나타났다. 근로자의 사내 안전보건교육 참여도와 관련된 PRECEDE 특성은 소규모 사업장에서는 안전보건교육 담당자에게 필요한 연수교육요구도, 안전보건교육을 위한 사회적 지지, 전체적인 사내 안전보건관리 수준이었는데, 사업장 규모 50인 이상의 사업장에서는 근로자의 연령, 사내안전보건교육 효능감, 사내교육을 위한 사회적 지지도, 사내 안전보건교육담당자의 교육역량이었다. 결론: 소규모 사업장 근로자의 사내 안전보건교육 참여도와 관련된 요인은 주로 조직 수준의 특성이었는데 반해(사내교육을 위한 환경적, 사회적 지지), 50인 이상 사업장에서 유의미한 특성은 주로 개인 수준의 특성으로(안전보건교육 효능감, 사내교육담당자의 교육역량) 사업장 규모에 따라 다른 양상을 보였다. 이를 기반으로 사업장 규모에 따라 차별화된 사내 안전보건교육 지원이 이루어져야 하겠다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.4784-4790
• /
• 2013

As with fast growing globalization, Korean firms have increased their offshoring activities and more empirical research are needed to analyze the effect of offshoring on Korean firms' productivity. This study used "Survey of Business Activities", a firm-level panel data set surveyed by the Statistics Korea between 2006 and 2008, and estimated pooled OLS and Panel fixed effect model to examine the impact of offshoring on a firm's labor productivity. Unlike the previous studies on offshoring, we included in the analyses the firms in the service industry in addition to those in the manufacturing industry, and presented the comparative results. The results from pooled OLS model show that 1% increase in the share of offshoring output will lead to 0.03% increase in labor productivity. However, the results from Panel model show that the effects of offshoring on productivity is positive but statistically insignificant. Analyzing the manufacturing and the service sector separately, the main results based on Panel model can be summarized as follows: Offshoring has significant positive effects on firms' productivity in the manufacturing industry. Contrastingly, the impact of offshoring on firms' productivity in the service industry is estimated to be negative but statistically insignificant. Other than the share of offshoring output, most factors except headquarter location have positive effects on firms' productivity in both manufacturing and service industry.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 1996

This paper is a case study on regional linkages of producer services in Chinju region. Producer service appeared as the most rapid growth sector in service industry. In Chinju region. manufacturing firms purchase generalized producer service within the region. However the higher-order service, they demand; the remoter metropolis especially Seoul, they depend on. Linkage patterns among manufacturing sectors are similar; but then the firms whose managers are from Chinju or Gyeong-nam region had stronger regional linkages than others. Public institute such as Chamber of Commerce & Industry, University Research Institute of Industrial Technology. Korea Technology Credit Guarantee Fund, Korea Silk Research Institute have made important role as suppliers of public producer services in Chinju Region. As present stage, their services of industrial technology, fiancing, and information are not only fit regional demand but also spatially limited within region. The facts that large firms purchase high-order services from other region and small firms have not good demand of producer service suggest regional policy implication about supplying relevant producer service in the region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2021

As environmental issues have emerged worldwide, emission gas regulations have been strengthened. In the construction machinery sector, studies have been actively conducted to utilize the power source of electric motors owing to the increasing demand for zero emissions. In this study, the gear specifications of an electric axle for construction machinery were selected by considering the specifications of the motor, gear tooth contact pattern, and face load factor. The gear strength evaluation was performed at the system level using the simulation model. The bending and contact strength of the spiral bevel gears and the bending strength of the planetary gear set showed a safety factor of 1 or more. However, the contact strength of the planetary gear set showed a safety factor of 0.92. Conservative results were derived by performing the analysis under the rated load condition of the motor. However, the ratio of the equivalent torque to the rated torque of the motor was 45% or less, hence, it was determined that no difficulties should arise regarding the durability of the axle.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.63-105
• /
• 2018

This paper analyzes the effects of three factors on the firm-size wage premium which have not been considered in previous studies: the worker compositions within firms, the wage differentials between contractors and subcontractors, and the performance pay and rent-sharing behaviors of firms. The main results are as follows. First, even after controlling for the various worker characteristics, the differences in shares of highly educated workers, managers, and professionals between large and small firms make the size-wage premium larger. Secondly, wage differentials between contractors and subcontractors also affect the size-wage premium in the manufacturing sector. Thirdly, high performance pay and active rent-sharing behaviors of large manufacturing firms make the size-wage premium larger. These results imply that a positive matching effect among skilled workers, a structural problem between contractors and subcontractors, and differences in rent-sharing behaviors between large and small firms have affected the firm-size wage premium in the South Korean labor market.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.410-416
• /
• 2008

The inter-industrial inducement effects of the korean railway services on the output, value-added, imports of the 403 industrial sectors of the korean economy have been computed by the input-output analysis technique utilizing the 2003 Input-Output Tables, which was published most recently in April 2007 by the Bank of Korea. The korean railway service industry produced \2,766 billion worth of passenger and freight railroad services in the 2003 year, and it has induced \1,701 billion worth of output, \781 billion worth of value-added, and \580 billion worth of imports of the korean industry as a whole. The energy sector industries such as diesel fuel, thermal power generation, nuclear power generation, crude oil, liquid natural gas, bituminous coal, liquid propane gas have been most affected by the korean railway services. Other industries mainly affected by the korean railway services include railroad car manufacturing, cleaning and decontamination, medical and health service, machinery equipment and rental, construction and maintenance, transportation related services, business R&D, property insurance, and telecommunication.