• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2023

This study was aimed to determine the changes in CO₂ concentration according to the temperatures of daytime and nighttime in the CO₂ supplemental greenhouse, and to compare calculated supplementary CO₂ concentration during winter and spring cultivation seasons. CO₂ concentrations in experimental greenhouses were analyzed by selecting representative days with different average temperatures due to differences in integrated solar radiation at the growth stage of leaf area index (LAI) 2.0 during the winter season of 2022 and 2023 years. The CO₂ concentration was 459, 299, 275, and 239 µmol·mol^-1, respectively at 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.m. after the CO₂ supplementary time (10:00-13:00) under the higher temperature (HT, > 18℃ daytime temp. avg. 31.7, 26.8, 23.8, and 22.4℃, respectively), while it was 500, 368, 366, 364 µmol·mol^-1, respectively under the lower temperature (LT, < 18℃ daytime temp. avg. 22.0, 18.9, 15.0, and 13.7℃, respectively), indicating the CO₂ reduction was significantly higher in the HT than that of LT. During the nighttime, the concentration of CO₂ gradually increased from 6 p.m. (346 µmol·mol^-1) to 3 a.m. (454 µmol·mol^-1) in the HT with a rate of 11 µmol·mol^-1 per hour (240 tomatoes, leaf area 330m²), while the increase was very lesser under the LT. During the spring season, the CO₂ concentration measured just before the start of CO₂ fertilization (7:30 a.m.) in the CO₂ enrichment greenhouse was 3-4 times higher in the HT (>15℃ nighttime temperature avg.) than that of LT (< 15℃ nighttime temperature avg.), and the calculated amount of CO₂ fertilization on the day was also lower in HT. All the integrated results indicate that CO₂ concentrations during the nighttime varies depending on the temperature, and the increased CO₂ is a major source of CO₂ for photosynthesis after sunrise, and it is necessary to develop a model formula for CO₂ supplement considering the nighttime CO₂ concentration.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2024

This study was conducted to determine the optimal working conditions when a recently developed blower-type onion stem cutter is utilized for cutting onion leaves at harvest time. The June 20 leaf cutting treatment group had the highest leaf dryness among the treatment groups (leaf dryness: 66.3%; leaf moisture content: 50.5%); the residual leaf length was 6.7 ± 3.5 cm. It is considered to have the best mechanical leaf cutting performance among the treatment groups because it is included in the optimal range of 4-10 cm. The average working speed of mechanical onion leaf cutting using the stem cutter was 0.17 m·s^-1, which is approximately 3.4 times faster than the average working speed of 0.05 m·s^-1 in the human leaf cutting treatment group. This is expected to save approximately 2.6 hours compared to human labor (based on one person) when working on a 10a area using this machine. In addition, the incidence of damaged bulbs in the machine leaf cutting treatment group was 1.3%, compared to 0.0% in the manual leaf cutting treatment group. This suggests that the mechanical leaf cutting treatment group had a higher average onion bulb decay rate during storage than the manual leaf cutting treatment group. When the storage characteristics of each treatment group were examined, the decay rate by bulb part (leaf connected or root connected) after 8 months of storage was higher in the treatment group with a residual leaf length of less than 5.0 cm after mechanical leaf cutting than in the treatment with a residual leaf length of more than 5.0 cm. This is thought to be due to the fact that treatments with a residual leaf length of less than 5.0 cm are more susceptible to infection by pathogens that cause decay during storage than treatments with a residual leaf length of 5.0 cm or more. Based on the results of this experiment, performance target of the experimental machine (residual leaf length after operation: 5 cm), and existing research on the optimal residual leaf length for onion harvesting, it is recommended to cut onion leaves so that the residual leaf length is 5-10 cm when using the stem cutter.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.292-302
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• 2012

This paper reviews comparison analysis of current and latest application for stock identification methods of Todarodes pacificus, and the pros and cons of each method and consideration of how to compensate for each other. Todarodes pacificus which migrates wide areas in western North Pacific is important fishery resource ecologically and commercially. Todarodes pacificus is also considered as 'biological indicator' of ocean environmental changes. And changes in its short and long term catch and distribution area occur along with environmental changes. For example, while the catch of pollack, a cold water fish, has dramatically decreased until today after the climate regime shift in 1987/1988, the catch of Todarodes pacificus has been dramatically increased. Regarding the decrease in pollack catch, overfishing and climate changes were considered as the main causes, but there has been no definite reason until today. One of the reasons why there is no definite answer is related with no proper analysis about ecological and environmental aspects based on stock identification. Subpopulation is a group sharing the same gene pool through sexual reproduction process within limited boundaries having similar ecological characteristics. Each individual with same stock might be affected by different environment in temporal and spatial during the process of spawning, recruitment and then reproduction. Thereby, accurate stock analysis about the species can play an efficient alternative to comply with effective resource management and rapid changes. Four main stock analysis were applied to Todarodes pacificus: Morphologic Method, Ecological Method, Tagging Method, Genetic Method. Ecological method is studies for analysis of differences in spawning grounds by analysing the individual ecological change, distribution, migration status, parasitic state of parasite, kinds of parasite and parasite infection rate etc. Currently the method has been studying lively can identify the group in the similar environment. However It is difficult to know to identify the same genetic group in each other. Tagging Method is direct method. It can analyse cohort's migration, distribution and location of spawning, but it is very difficult to recapture tagged squids and hard to tag juveniles. Genetic method, which is for useful fishery resource stock analysis has provided the basic information regarding resource management study. Genetic method for stock analysis is determined according to markers' sensitivity and need to select high multiform of genetic markers. For stock identification, isozyme multiform has been used for genetic markers. Recently there is increase in use of makers with high range variability among DNA sequencing like mitochondria, microsatellite. Even the current morphologic method, tagging method and ecological method played important rolls through finding Todarodes pacificus' life cycle, migration route and changes in spawning grounds, it is still difficult to analyze the stock of Todarodes pacificus as those are distributed in difference seas. Lately, by taking advantages of each stock analysis method, more complicated method is being applied. If based on such analysis and genetic method for improvement are played, there will be much advance in management system for the resource fluctuation of Todarodes pacificus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.270-284
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• 1997

Effects of dietary carotenoids were investigated on the metaboβsm and body pigmentation of rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri), masu salmon(Oncorhynchus macrostomos), eel(Anguilla japonica), rock fish(Sebastes inermis) and black rock fish(Sebastes schlegeli). Three weeks later after depletion, these fishes were fed diet supplemented with ${\beta}-carotene$, lutein, canthaxanthin', astaxanthin or ${\beta}-apo-8'-carotenal$ for 4 to 5 weeks, respectively. Carotenoids distributed to and changed in integument were analyzed. In the integument of rainbow trout. zeaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$ and canthaxanthin were found to be the major carotenoids, while lutein, isocryptoxanthin and salmoxanthin were the minor carotenoids. In the integument of masu salmon, zeaxanthin was found to be the major carotenoids, while triol, lutein, tunaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$, ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ and canthaxanthin were the minor carotenoids. In the integument of eel, ${\beta}-carotene$ was found to be the major carotenoids, while lutein, zeaxanthin and ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ were the minor carotenoids. In the integument of rock fish, zeaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$, tunaxanthin$(A{\sim}C)$ and lutein were found to be the major carotenoids, while ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$ and astaxanthin were the minor carotenoids. Likely in the integument of black rock fish, ${\beta}-carotene$, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin were found to be the major carotenoids, whereas ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$, ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, lutein and canthaxanthin were the minor contributor. The efficacy of body pigmentation by the accumulation of carotenoids in the integument of rainbow trout and masu salmon were the most effectively shown in the canthaxanthin group and of eel, rock fish and black rock fish were the most effectively shown in the lutein group. Based on these results in the integument of each fish, dietary carotenoids were presumably biotransformed via oxidative and reductive pathways. In the rainbow trout, ${\beta}-carotene$ was oxidized to astaxanthin via successively isocryptoxanthin, echinenone and canthaxanthin. Lutein was oxidized to canthaxanthin. Canthaxanthin was reduced to ${\beta}-carotene$ via isozeaxanthin, and astaxanthin was reduced to zeaxanthin via triol. In the masu salmon, ${\beta}-carotene$ was oxidized to zeaxanthin. Lutein was reduced to zeaxanthin via tunaxanthin. Canthaxanthin was reduced to zeaxanthin via ${\beta}-carotene$. and astaxanthin was reduced to zeaxanthin via triol. In the eel, ${\beta}-carotene$ and lutein were directly deposited but canthaxanthin was reduced to ${\beta}-carotene$, and cholesterol lowering effect by Meju supplementation might be resulted from the modulation of fecal axanthin, astaxanthin and ${\beta}-apo-8'-carotenal$ were oxidized and reduced to tunaxanthin via zeaxanthin. In the black roch fish, ${\beta}-carotene$ was oxidized to ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$. Lutein was reduced to ${\beta}-carotene$ via ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$. Canthaxanthin was reduced to ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$ via successively ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ and zeaxanthin. Astaxanthin converted to tunaxanthin via isocryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, and ${\beta}-apo-8'-carotenal$ was reduced to ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$ via ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ and zeaxanthin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-92
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• 1989

The seasonal variations of environmental sea water, arid carotenoid and lipid composition of reddish muscle tissue of arkshell, Anadara broughtonii in Chungmu and $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ were investigated. In the sea water, pH value, salinity, electrical conductivity of Chungmu and $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ were similar tendency, but water temperature in annual average at Chungmu-area was about $2^{\circ}C$ higher than that of $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. The concentration of nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphours at Chungmu-area were slightly higher than those at $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. Meanwhile the concentration of silicate-silicious at $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ was about 2 times higher than that of Chungmu-area. The bacterial density of the sea water was ranged from 3.6 to 93/100ml for coliform and 3.0 to 15/100ml for fecal colifrom at Chungmu-area, but the coliform was ranged 7.3 to 150/100ml and the fecal coliform was ranged 3.6 to 20/100ml at $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. Among the coliform, 8.9% Escherichia coli, 33.9% Citrobacter freundii, 41.1% Enterobacter aerogenes groups were classified and 16.1% was not identified. In the hemoglobin content of reddish muscle tissue of arkshell, one from Chungmu-area was ranged from 1.1 to 2.5 g /dl and one from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ was ranged from 1.7 to 4.4 g /dl. In total carotenoid content, 0.80 to 1.28mg/100 g muscle was in Chungmu-area and 0.45 to 0.99mg/100 g muscle was in $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. Among the carotenoid compositions, pectenolone content was 63.0% in annual average from Chungmu area and 59.6% from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$, 6.5% from Chungmu area and 18.9% from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ in ${\beta}-carotene$, 9.9% from Chungmu-area and 9.1% from Yosu-area in pectenoxanthin, 11.2% from Chungmu-area and 5.2% from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ in diatoxanthin monoester were observed. In the seasonal variation for the major carotenoids, the content of pectenolone was continuously incresedbefore spawning period and showed the maximum in July, but decresed after spawning period. Diatoxanthin monoester was gradually incresed during all growing period from March to next January. And ${\beta}-carotene$ was decresed before spawning period and showed the maximum in July but incresed after spawning period. The major fatty acids of total lipid and fractionated lipid classes from total lipid namely neutral-, glyco- and phospholipid were $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{22:6},\;C_{20:2},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{20:5}\;and\;C_{18:3}$ acid in the muscle tissue of arkshell. The content of neutral lipid showed about 2 times higher than polar lipid in the muscle tissue of arkshell from both Chungmu and, $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. The content of total and neutral lipid was decresed during spawning period. In the seasonal variation for fatty acid compositions, the content of polyenenoic acid in total and neutral lipid was decresed and saturated acid was incresed. On contrary, polyenoic acid in glyco and phospholipid was incresed and saturated acid was decresed during spawning period from July to September. The sterol composition in total lipid were mainly consisted of cholesterol, campesterol, brassicasterol and ${\beta}-sitosterol$. Especially, the rate of content in cholesterol showed decrese during spawning period butcampesterol showed increse from March to November.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the cultivation period, adaptive genetic resources, growth and development patterns, and water consumption for rice cultivation in the desert environment of United Arab Emirates (UAE). R esearch on rice cultivation in the desert environment is expected to contribute to resolving food shortages caused by climate change and water scarcity. It was found that the optimal cultivation period of rice was from late November to late April of the following year during which the low temperature occurred at the vegetative growth stage of rice in the UAE. Asemi and FL478 were selected to be candidate cultivars for temperature and day-length conditions in the desert areas as a result of pre-testing genetic resources under reclaimed soil and artificial meteorological conditions. In the desert environment in the UAE, FL478 died before harvest due to the etiolation and poor growth in the early stage of growth. In contrast, Asemi overcame the etiolation in the early stage of growth, which allowed for harvest. The vegetative growth phases of Asemi were from early December to early March of the following year whereas its reproductive growth and ripening phases were from early March to late March and from late March to late April, respectively. The yield of milled rice for Asemi was 763kg/10a in the UAE, which was about 41.8% higher than that in Korea. Such an outcome was likely due to the abundant solar radiation during the reproductive growth and grain filling periods. On the other hand, water consumption during the cultivation period in the UAE was 2,619 ton/10a, which was about three times higher than that in Korea. These results suggest that irrigation technology and development of cultivation methods would be needed to minimize water consumption, which would make it economically viable to grow rice in the UAE. In addition, select on of genetic resources for the UAE desert environments such as minimum etiolation in the early stages of growth would be merited further studies, which would promote stable rice cultivation in the arid conditions.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2023

Korean facility horticulture and hydroponic cultivation methods increase, requiring the management of waste water generated. In this study, the amount of fertilizer contained in the discharged waste liquid was determined. By evaluating this as a price, it was suggested to reduce water treatment costs and recycle fertilizer components. It was evaluated based on the results of major water quality analysis of waste liquid by crop, such as tomatoes, paprika, cucumbers, and strawberries, and in the case of P component, it was analyzed by converting it to the amount of phosphoric acid (P₂O₅). The amount of nitrogen (N) can be calculated by discharging 1,145.90kg·ha^-1 of tomatoes, 920.43kg·ha^-1 of paprika, 804.16kg·ha^-1 of cucumbers, 405.83kg·ha^-1 of strawberries, and the fertilizer content of P₂O₅ is 830.65kg·ha^-1 of paprika, 622.32kg·ha^-1 of tomatoes, 477.67kg·ha^-1 of cucumbers. In addition, trace elements such as potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were also analyzed to be emitted. The price per kg of each item calculated by averaging the price of fertilizer sold on the market can be evaluated as KRW, N 860.7, P 2,378.2, K 2,121.7, Ca 981.2, Mg 1,036.3, Fe 126,076.9, Mn 62,322.1, Zn 15,825.0, Cu 31,362.0, B 4,238.0, Mo 149,041.7. The annual fertilizer loss amount for each crop was calculated by comprehensively considering the price per kg calculated based on the market price of fertilizer, the concentration of waste by crop analyzed earlier, and the average annual emission of hydroponic cultivation. As a result of the analysis, the average of the four hydroponic crops was 5,475,361.1 won in fertilizer ingredients, with tomatoes valued at 6,995,622.3 won, paprika valued at 7,384,923.8 won, cucumbers valued at 5,091,607.9 won, and strawberries valued at 2,429,290.6 won. It was expected that if hydroponic drainage is managed through self-treatment or threshing before discharge rather than by leaking it into a river and treating it as a pollutant, it can be a valuable reusable fertilizer ingredient along with reducing water treatment costs.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-30
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• 1988

This is a comprehensive study for considering the effective treatment and control program of bacterial disease occurring in common carp, israel carp, color carp, crucian carp, eel and tilapia by clarifying the causes, mechanism of infection and onset and the diagnostic criteria. As a first step, the authors investigated the external views, gross and histopathologic findings of diseased fish using 450 infected fishes obtained from various farmer of Korea. This infection was characterized by hyperemia, hemorrhage and swelling of body surface and fins, congestion of liver, spleen, kidney, inflammation of intestine, hemorrhagic inflammation of various tissues, and necrosis and ulcer of various tissues were accompanied in serious cases. Bacteriologically, Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda were isoiated from these fishes. Particularly in the regular check on 222 eels, 177 strains were isolated as 29.94% of Aeromonas hydrophila, 48.58% of Edwardsiella tarda and 21.47% of Flexibacter columnaris. Hexibacter columnaris was isolated from corroded gill of eels. The identical disease was occurred by innoculating the isolated Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda and the identical strains were isolated from infected experimental fishes. The eels which were diagnosed Aeromonas disease from Kwangju, Pusan accompanied hemorrhage, swelling of body surface and fins, inflammation of stomach and intestine containing mucous fluids mixed with the pathogens. Color carp and crucian carp which were innoculated with the isolated 5 strins of Aeromomas hydrorphil died within 3 or 4 days accompanying with the characteristics of Aeromonas disease. Edward disease was characterized by abscesses of body surface, pus formation with concentration on phagocytes. The size of absecsses increased with progression elf disease. There were also various abscesses at internal organ and white nodules appeared in kidney. Histologically, various progressive granuloma were examined without inflammation of intestine. Columnaris disease of eels showed no hemorrhage except slight white body color. In autopsy, most of internal organs appeared normal and there were no septic odors. The only character was corrosion of gills. In order to treat these bacterial diseases, infected fishes must bathe in 20ppm chloramphenicol or kanamycin solution for 1 hour. Besides, medication program in oral ingestion of 75mg/kg chloramphenicol per day continuing for 5 to 7 days. After injecting the formalin treated Aermonas hydrophila antigen into carp, relatively high agglutination titer showed between 3 weeks and 6 weeks. Though this titer decreased from that time, it was continued for 18 weeks. In the case of injecting the formalin treated Edwardsiella tarda antigen into tilapia, the titer also increased. But tilapia which were immersed in the suspension fluid of the formalin treated Edwardsiella tarda showed no increase of the titer.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 1996

The study has been conducted to know an appropriate feeding strategy and effects of the rearing density on larval growth of the rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. The results obtained are as fellowed ; 1. Thirty-day-old larvae reached at $25.25{\pm}3.76$ mm in total length and $0.23{\pm}0.07$ g in body weight in experiment A, at which rotifer was provided from the beginning to the end of 30-day experiment, Anemia from 3th to 18th day, and artificial feed from 13th to 30th day after hatching. When rotifer was provided for 30 days, Artemia from 6th to 18th day, and artificial feed from 18th to 30th day after hatching (experiment B), these larvae grew up to $27.52{\pm}2.50$ mm in total length and $0.26{\pm}0.06$ g in body weight. On the other hand, when rotifer and artificial feed were supplied with the same time schedule as shown in experiment B, and Artemia was feed from 6th to 30th day after hatching (experiment C), the total length and body weight of those larvae were $23.22{\pm}3.44$ mm and $0.15{\pm}0.05$ g, respectively. The best result for larval growth was obtained from experiment B. The survival rates estimated were $57.6\%$ in experiment A, $66.4\%$ in experiment B, and $44.4\%$ in experiment C. 2. The growth in total length of the larvae according to their rearing days could be represented by the following equations : Experiment A : Y=4.350+0.116X+$1.887X^2$ (r=0.993) Experiment B : Y=4.500+8.931X+$2.221X^2$ (r=0.994) Experiment C : Y=4.478+5.734X+$1.881X^2$(r=0.990) The average number of Artemia nauplius intaken by the larvae was rapidly increased between 15th and 20th day afer hatching, and 9, 212, 242, 750, and 1,171 nauplius were found in the different sizes of larvae, whose total length were 5.65, 6.81, 9.45, 14.96, and 24.52 mm, respectively. 3. Larval growth in total length and body weight reared at four different densites (A: 1.8 $kg/m^3$, B; 4.0 $kg/m^3$, C; 5.0 $kg/m^3$, D; 6.2 $kg/m^3$) indicated that the best growth was found in experiment A, at which the larval were reared at the lower density and the final survival rates extimated were $92.9\%$ in exp. A, $99.5\%$ in exp. C, $89.0\%$ in exp. B, and $88.2\%$ in exp. D. The amount of production per cubic meter turned out to be 30.45 kg in exp. D, 25.89 kg in exp. C, 20.75 kg in exp. B and 10.48 kg in exp. A. therefore, considering both larval growth and survival rate, higher yields seemed to be attainable at the relatively high-rearing density.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.529-546
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• 1998

Gonadal part that developed by indifferentiation period for 6 months after hatching is made as gonad and fat body. These gonad are thin semi-transparant and undistinguished germ cell. Germinal epithelium is distinguished by development of gonad epithelial tissue from 7 months after hatching. Sex differentiation is begun by oogonia develoment at 8 months after hatching. Primary oocytes grow over germinal epithelium of gonadal cavity, at 9 months after hatching, gonadal cavity become ovarian cavity as they increasing. As soon as oocytes at 13 months after hatching are filled with the whole part of gonad, degeneration of oocyte is begun. And then, gonad has cavity tissue, a small number of oocyte are located in gonadal cavity. At 15 months after hatching, new primary oocyte develop and cavity of ovarian tissue in the central of ovarian cavity. Spermatogonia multiplicate and cavity tissue consist of testicular tissue. These gonad become hermaphrodite and then ditermine the sex of female and male. These results show the red sea bream is juvenile hermaphrodite and undif-ferentiated gonochoristic teleost. Male and female differentiation type of gonad is divided in undifferentiation stage, oogonia-like stage, ovary-like stage, ovary development stage, hermaphroditic testis stage, hermaphroditic ovary stage, and testis development stage. Undifferentiation stage is continued total lenth 18cm at 13 months after hatching. ovary-like stage is continued total length 11~18cm at 13 months after hatching. Ovary-like stage is continued total length 14~26cm at 10~14 months after hatching. Ovary development stage begins from total length 20cm, 14 months after hatching. At 20 months after hatching, 44 percent of total sampled individuals had ovary. Hermaphroditic ovary stage first begins total length 19~20 cm at 15 months after hatching, but it is not observed total length 28~29cm at 20months after hatching. Hermaphroditic testis stage first begins total length 21~22cm at 20months after hatching and is continued for 20months. Testis development stage first begins total length 20~21cm at 20 months after hatching, and is occupied 33 percent total length 28~29cm at 20 months. The beginning of sex differentiation more than 50 percent is from total length 16cm at 11 months after hatching. Sex determination begins total length 20cm, 14months after hatching in female and total length 20cm, 15 months after hatching in male. Sex determination more than 50 percent begins total length 23cm,, 17 months after hatching. Undifferentiated gonadal part of red sea bream consist gonad and fat body. As differentiation is going on and gonad is growing, fat body shrinks. This appearence is showed the same tendency in 3-year old red sea bream. 1.9mm larvae after hatching grow about 19mm larvae for 47 days. The relationship between the total length and body weight of larvae and juveniles in $BW=4.45{\times}10^{-6}TL^{3.4718}$ r=0.9820. Fishes in cage culture grow to maximum total length 28.4cm. The relationship between the total length and body weight of these fishes is $BW=2.36{\times}10^{-2}TL^{2.9180}$, r=0.9971. Undifferentiated gonadal part of red sea bream consist gonad and fat body. As differentiation is going on and gonad is growing, fat body shrinks.